Diversity of Epiphytic Bacterial Communities on Male and Female Porphyra Haitanensis

Abstract PurposeEpiphytic bacteria play an important role in macroalgae growth, development, and morphogenesis. However, epiphytic bacterial communities on male and female macroalgae have not been reported. Porphyra haitanensis is one of the main economic macroalgae.In order to explore the similarities and differences of epiphytic bacterial community structure between male and female macroalgae of Porphyra haitanensis.MethodsWe investigated the composition, diversity of epiphytic bacterial communities between male and female Porphyra haitanensis by 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing.ResultsThe divergences of bacterial community compositions occurred between males and females. Both males and females had their unique bacterial microbiota, such as, Armatimonadetes and Rokubacteria are the unique phyla of male Porphyra haitanensis, Chlamydiae is a unique phylum of female Porphyra haitanensis. The epiphytic bacteria on both male and female Porphyra haitanensis have the similar predictive functions, but they also have their own specific functions, respectively.The specific functions of epiphytic bacteria on female Porphyra haitanensis were sulfite_respiration, nitrogen_fixation, nitrate_ammonification, chlorate_reducers and anoxygenic_photoautotrophy_S_oxidizing. ConclusionsThis study provides a basis for exploring the mechanism of epiphytic bacterial communities on dioecious algae and are of great significance for further understanding the relationships between epiphytic microbial communities and the sex of algae.

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Examining Gender Differences in the Relationship Between Dating Violence Victimization and Anger in College Students

Violence and Victims ◽

10.1891/0886-6708.27.1.70 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 70-77 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Lauren A. Rutter ◽

Robin P. Weatherill ◽

Casey T. Taft ◽

Robert J. Orazem

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Gender Differences ◽

Dating Violence ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Male And Female ◽

Violence Victimization ◽

Males And Females ◽

Similarities And Differences ◽

The Relationship ◽

Psychological Victimization

It has been well established that dating violence victimization is associated with various mental health problems. Relatively, little is known about similarities and differences between mental health correlates of dating violence victimization for males and females. We examined the associations between physical and psychological victimization experiences and measures of anger in a sample of 200 male and female undergraduates. Results suggest that men’s victimization was more strongly associated with different forms of anger than women’s victimization.

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Microbiota Dysbiosis in Fungal Rhinosinusitis

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm8111973 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 1973 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yen-Ting Lu ◽

Shao-Hung Wang ◽

Ming-Li Liou ◽

Ting-An Shen ◽

Ying-Chou Lu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Community ◽

16S Rrna ◽

Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽

Bacterial Communities ◽

Middle Meatus ◽

Fungal Rhinosinusitis ◽

Bacterial Microbiota ◽

Histological Characteristics ◽

Distinct Distribution

Fungal rhinosinusitis is a unique phenotype of chronic rhinosinusitis with unique clinical and histological characteristics. The role of bacterial microbiota in various phenotypes chronic rhinosinusitis is not thoroughly understood. Therefore, we conducted 16s rRNA amplification sequencing to determine differences in bacterial communities between phenotypes (fungal vs. non- fungal) and anatomical sites (middle meatus vs. nasopharynx). Endoscope-guided swabs were used to collect samples from the middle meatus and nasopharynx of seven consecutive patients with fungal and 18 consecutive patients with non-fungal rhinosinusitis. DNA was extracted and investigated through 16S rRNA amplification. Among samples from the middle meatus, Shannon diversity was significantly lower in those from the fungal rhinosinusitis group (p = 0.029). However, no significant differences in diversity were noted between nasopharynx samples (p = 0.85). Fungal rhinosinusitis samples exhibited a distinct distribution of taxon relative abundance, which involved not only the absence of rhinosinusitis-associated commensal Corynebacterium and Fusobacterium in the middle meatus but also a significant increase in Haemophilus prevalence and abundance. This is the first study to compare bacterial communities in fungal and non-fungal rhinosinusitis samples. Our findings demonstrated that bacterial community dysbiosis was more apparent in fungal rhinosinusitis samples and was limited to the middle meatus.

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Epichloë Fungal Endophytes Influence Seed-Associated Bacterial Communities

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.795354 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Daniel A. Bastías ◽

Ludmila Bubica Bustos ◽

Ruy Jáuregui ◽

Andrea Barrera ◽

Ian S. Acuña-Rodríguez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Community ◽

Bacterial Diversity ◽

Bacterial Communities ◽

Lolium Multiflorum ◽

Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽

Fungal Endophytes ◽

Insect Herbivores ◽

Bacterial Microbiota ◽

Mother Plants ◽

Bacterial Groups

Seeds commonly harbour diverse bacterial communities that can enhance the fitness of future plants. The bacterial microbiota associated with mother plant’s foliar tissues is one of the main sources of bacteria for seeds. Therefore, any ecological factor influencing the mother plant’s microbiota may also affect the diversity of the seed’s bacterial community. Grasses form associations with beneficial vertically transmitted fungal endophytes of genus Epichloë. The interaction of plants with Epichloë endophytes and insect herbivores can influence the plant foliar microbiota. However, it is unknown whether these interactions (alone or in concert) can affect the assembly of bacterial communities in the produced seed. We subjected Lolium multiflorum plants with and without its common endophyte Epichloë occultans (E+, E-, respectively) to an herbivory treatment with Rhopalosiphum padi aphids and assessed the diversity and composition of the bacterial communities in the produced seed. The presence of Epichloë endophytes influenced the seed bacterial microbiota by increasing the diversity and affecting the composition of the communities. The relative abundances of the bacterial taxa were more similarly distributed in communities associated with E+ than E- seeds with the latter being dominated by just a few bacterial groups. Contrary to our expectations, seed bacterial communities were not affected by the aphid herbivory experienced by mother plants. We speculate that the enhanced seed/seedling performance documented for Epichloë-host associations may be explained, at least in part, by the Epichloë-mediated increment in the seed-bacterial diversity, and that this phenomenon may be applicable to other plant-endophyte associations.

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PERCEPTIONS OF MEN, WOMEN, AND CEOS: THE EFFECTS OF GENDER IDENTITY

Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal ◽

10.2224/sbp.2004.32.2.155 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 155-171 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Michael Robert Dennis ◽

Adrianne Dennis Kunkel

Keyword(s):

Gender Identity ◽

Chief Executive Officer ◽

Sex Role ◽

Chief Executive ◽

Bem Sex Role Inventory ◽

Male And Female ◽

Leadership Attributes ◽

Males And Females ◽

Similarities And Differences ◽

Schein Descriptive Index

Previous studies (e.g., Heilman, Block, & Martell, 1995; Heilman, Block, Martell, & Simon, 1989; Kunkel, Dennis, & Waters, 2003; Schein, 1973, 1975; Schein & Mueller, 1992) have detected differences in how participants perceive the characteristics of males and females in general and those of male and female managers, though sex-based stereotyping dissipated with the consideration of successful managers. This study, an administration of the Schein Descriptive Index (SDI, Schein, 1973) and the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI; Bem, 1974) to 220 participants (125 women and 95 men), is the second to extend the operationalization of the extant program beyond the commonplace label of manager to that of chief executive officer (CEO) and the first to find that participants' gender identities may be critical to their perceptions of similarities and differences between the sexes. While males and masculinity continue to be associated with organizational leadership attributes, individuals of either sex who express feminine orientations perceive little difference between the sexes.

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The Neotropical species of the predaceous midge genus Austrohelea Wirth & Grogan (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4276.2.7 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4276 (2) ◽

pp. 255 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

MARIA M. RONDEROS ◽

GUSTAVO R. SPINELLI ◽

WILLLIAM L., JR. GROGAN

Keyword(s):

South America ◽

Male And Female ◽

Neotropical Species ◽

Chilean Patagonia ◽

Males And Females ◽

Similarities And Differences

Two new Neotropical species of the predaceous midge genus Austrohelea Wirth & Grogan, A. sirii n. sp. and A. spinosa n. sp., and the previously known A. shannoni (Wirth & Blanton) are described, illustrated and photomicrographs provided of male and female specimens collected from several localities in Argentine and Chilean Patagonia. The similarities and differences between the three Neotropical species are discussed, and a key is provided of the males and females of these three species. The distribution of A. shannoni is extended to the southernmost region of South America.

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GONADOTROPHIN PATTERNS IN MALE AND FEMALE RATS:

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0580600 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 58 (4) ◽

pp. 600-612 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Robert Boyd ◽

Donald C. Johnson

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Testosterone Propionate ◽

Female Rats ◽

Female Rat ◽

Feedback Effects ◽

Male And Female ◽

Prostate Weight ◽

Male And Female Rats ◽

Males And Females ◽

Normal Males

ABSTRACT The effects of various doses of testosterone propionate (TP) upon the release of luteinizing hormone (LH or ICSH) from the hypophysis of a gonadectomized male or female rat were compared. Prostate weight in hypophysectomized male parabiotic partners was used to evaluate the quantity of circulating LH. Hypophyseal LH was measured by the ovarian ascorbic acid depletion method. Males castrated when 45 days old secreted significantly more LH and had three times the amount of pituitary LH as ovariectomized females. Administration of 25 μg TP daily reduced the amount of LH in the plasma, and increased the amount in the pituitary gland, in both sexes. Treatment with 50 μg caused a further reduction in plasma LH in males, but not in females, while pituitary levels in both were equal to that of their respective controls. LH fell to the same low level in partners of males or females receiving 100 μg TP. When gonadectomized at 39 days, males and females had the same amount of plasma LH, but males had more stored hormone. Pituitary levels were unchanged from controls following treatment with 12.5, 25 or 50 μg TP daily, but plasma values dropped an equal amount in both sexes with the latter two doses. Androgenized males or females, gonadectomized when 39 days old, were very sensitive to the effects of TP and plasma LH was significantly reduced with 12.5 μg daily. Pituitary LH in androgenized males was higher than that of normal males but was reduced to normal by small amounts of TP. The amount of stored LH in androgenized females was not different from that of normal females and it was unchanged by any dose of TP tested. Results are consistent with the conclusion that the male hypothalamic-hypophyseal axis is at least as sensitive as the female axis to the negative feedback effects of TP. Androgenization increases the sensitivity to TP in both males and females.

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Gender Differences in Clothing Worn in Current Popular Comic Books

MacEwan University Student eJournal ◽

10.31542/j.muse.186 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kyle Landon Jossy

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Content Analysis ◽

Comic Books ◽

Book Industry ◽

Comic Book ◽

Lower Body ◽

Female Characters ◽

Male And Female ◽

Males And Females

This study looked at how males and females were portrayed, based on the amount of skin shown in the clothing worn. A Content analysis was performed on a sample of 20 randomly selected popular comics from the last 3 years. Both male and female characters were rated on how much skin they showed in three clothing categories; neck line, sleeve length, and lower body. Results showed that in all 3 categories, women consistently wore more revealing clothing. The findings demonstraetd that the comic book industry is comparable to other forms of media, in the sexualization of female characters, by having them wear more revealing clothing.

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The capacity of wastewater treatment plants drives bacterial community structure and its assembly

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-50952-0 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Young Kyung Kim ◽

Keunje Yoo ◽

Min Sung Kim ◽

Il Han ◽

Minjoo Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Community Structure ◽

Bacterial Community ◽

Activated Sludge ◽

Community Assembly ◽

Bacterial Communities ◽

Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽

High Capacity ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Rrna Gene

Abstract Bacterial communities in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) affect plant functionality through their role in the removal of pollutants from wastewater. Bacterial communities vary extensively based on plant operating conditions and influent characteristics. The capacity of WWTPs can also affect the bacterial community via variations in the organic or nutrient composition of the influent. Despite the importance considering capacity, the characteristics that control bacterial community assembly are largely unknown. In this study, we discovered that bacterial communities in WWTPs in Korea and Vietnam, which differ remarkably in capacity, exhibit unique structures and interactions that are governed mainly by the capacity of WWTPs. Bacterial communities were analysed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and exhibited clear differences between the two regions, with these differences being most pronounced in activated sludge. We found that capacity contributed the most to bacterial interactions and community structure, whereas other factors had less impact. Co-occurrence network analysis showed that microorganisms from high-capacity WWTPs are more interrelated than those from low-capacity WWTPs, which corresponds to the tighter clustering of bacterial communities in Korea. These results will contribute to the understanding of bacterial community assembly in activated sludge processing.

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Co-Occurrence of Regulated and Emerging Mycotoxins in Corn Silage: Relationships with Fermentation Quality and Bacterial Communities

Toxins ◽

10.3390/toxins13030232 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 232

Author(s):

Antonio Gallo ◽

Francesca Ghilardelli ◽

Alberto Stanislao Atzori ◽

Severino Zara ◽

Barbara Novak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Community ◽

Bacterial Communities ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Kojic Acid ◽

Corn Silage ◽

Fungal Metabolites ◽

Fusarium Mycotoxins ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

Fermentation Quality ◽

Low Levels

Sixty-four corn silages were characterized for chemicals, bacterial community, and concentrations of several fungal metabolites. Silages were grouped in five clusters, based on detected mycotoxins, and they were characterized for being contaminated by (1) low levels of Aspergillus- and Penicillium-mycotoxins; (2) low levels of fumonisins and other Fusarium-mycotoxins; (3) high levels of Aspergillus-mycotoxins; (4) high levels of non-regulated Fusarium-mycotoxins; (5) high levels of fumonisins and their metabolites. Altersetin was detected in clusters 1, 3, and 5. Rugulusovin or brevianamide F were detected in several samples, with the highest concentration in cluster 3. Emodin was detected in more than 50.0% of samples of clusters 1, 3 and 5, respectively. Kojic acid occurred mainly in clusters 1 and 2 at very low concentrations. Regarding Fusarium mycotoxins, high occurrences were observed for FB3, FB4, FA1, whereas the average concentrations of FB6 and FA2 were lower than 12.4 µg/kg dry matter. Emerging Fusarium-produced mycotoxins, such as siccanol, moniliformin, equisetin, epiequisetin and bikaverin were detected in the majority of analyzed corn silages. Pestalotin, oxaline, phenopirrozin and questiomycin A were detected at high incidences. Concluding, this work highlighted that corn silages could be contaminated by a high number of regulated and emerging mycotoxins.

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Spinal Muscular Atrophy after Nusinersen Therapy: Improved Physiology in Pediatric Patients with No Significant Change in Urine, Serum, and Liquor 1H-NMR Metabolomes in Comparison to an Age-Matched, Healthy Cohort

Metabolites ◽

10.3390/metabo11040206 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 206

Author(s):

Leon Deutsch ◽

Damjan Osredkar ◽

Janez Plavec ◽

Blaž Stres

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Spinal Muscular Atrophy ◽

1H Nmr ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Muscular Atrophy ◽

Male And Female ◽

Before And After ◽

Healthy Cohort ◽

Males And Females ◽

Urine Serum

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a genetically heterogeneous group of rare neuromuscular diseases and was until recently the most common genetic cause of death in children. The effects of 2-month nusinersen therapy on urine, serum, and liquor 1H-NMR metabolomes in SMA males and females were not explored yet, especially not in comparison to the urine 1H-NMR metabolomes of matching male and female cohorts. In this prospective, single-centered study, urine, serum, and liquor samples were collected from 25 male and female pediatric patients with SMA before and after 2 months of nusinersen therapy and urine samples from a matching healthy cohort (n = 125). Nusinersen intrathecal application was the first therapy for the treatment of SMA by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA). Metabolomes were analyzed using targeted metabolomics utilizing 600 MHz 1H-NMR, parametric and nonparametric multivariate statistical analyses, machine learning, and modeling. Medical assessment before and after nusinersen therapy showed significant improvements of movement, posture, and strength according to various medical tests. No significant differences were found in metabolomes before and after nusinersen therapy in urine, serum, and liquor samples using an ensemble of statistical and machine learning approaches. In comparison to a healthy cohort, 1H-NMR metabolomes of SMA patients contained a reduced number and concentration of urine metabolites and differed significantly between males and females as well. Significantly larger data scatter was observed for SMA patients in comparison to matched healthy controls. Machine learning confirmed urinary creatinine as the most significant, distinguishing SMA patients from the healthy cohort. The positive effects of nusinersen therapy clearly preceded or took place devoid of significant rearrangements in the 1H-NMR metabolomic makeup of serum, urine, and liquor. Urine creatinine was successful at distinguishing SMA patients from the matched healthy cohort, which is a simple systemic novelty linking creatinine and SMA to the physiology of inactivity and diabetes, and it facilitates the monitoring of SMA disease in pediatric patients through non-invasive urine collection.

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