Unclasping potential chickpea resources for biofortification of the antioxidant enzyme Superoxide Dismutase

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amrendra Pratap Singh ◽  
Rajesh Kumar Singh ◽  
VS Hegde ◽  
Narayani Shukla ◽  
Pinki Saini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Biotic Stress ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Similarity Coefficients ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Enzyme Superoxide Dismutase

Abstract Context: The Superoxide Dismutase enzyme plays a very decisive role in governing abiotic and biotic stresses infused the hypothesis for the study.Aims: The investigation was conducted to assess the diverseness and identify novel resources to be utilized in Superoxide Dismutase induced abiotic-biotic stress resistance breeding of chickpea.Methods: The plants were grown in triplicates under recommended agronomic practices using PUSA 256 as check in a randomized block design. Fresh leaves were collected for estimation of enzyme superoxide dismutase and DNA extraction. Number of pods was recorded on 20 individual plants from middle of the row for each of the 12 genotypes. Employing 32 STMS markers together with morpho-biochemical data, Jaccard’s similarity coefficients along with dendrograms were generated to compare and assess the diversity.Key results: Amongst genotypes, the BGD-70 vs ICRISAT-3668 were identified as poorest vs best performers for superoxide dismutase activity. Out of 32 STMS primers, 80 alleles with 2.5 an average per loci were found. The marker TA-80 was identified as most polymorphic. The genotypes ICRISAT-3668 and SBD 377, distantly located on different molecular clusters, expressed higher SOD activity indicating genetic governance, probably by limited number of polygenes / OTLs and might be utilized as potential resources for abiotic-biotic stress resistance.Conclusions: The genotypes ICRISAT-3668, SBD 377 and polymorphic marker TA-80 were identified as novel potential genetic resources.Implications: The identified resources may be employed to widen the germplasm base, prepare maintainable catalogue, systematic blueprints and bifortification for future chickpea breeding strategies targeting abiotic-biotic stresses.

scholarly journals Comparison of Assays for the Quantitation of Superoxide Dismustase in Apple and Potato Tissues

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 826E-826
Author(s):  
Steven F. Vaughn
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Superoxide Radical ◽  
Sulfanilic Acid ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Azo Compound ◽  
Enzyme Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Photochemical Activation

The enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1) catalyzes the conversion of the superoxide radical (\batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{O}_{2}^{-}\) \end{document}) to O2 and H2O2. SOD is thought to be critical in delaying aging and senescence in plant tissues such as apple fruit and potato tubers. A variety of assays have been reported for the quantitation of SOD based on the inhibition of O2-driven reactions. Four assays were examined, including 1) the reduction of nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) by \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{O}_{2}^{-}\) \end{document}generated by the reaction of cysteine and FeCl3; 2) the reduction of NBT by \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{O}_{2}^{-}\) \end{document}generated by photochemical activation of riboflavin; 3) the inhibition of nitrite formation from hydroxylammonium chloride (nitrite subsequently converts sulfanilic acid to a diazonium compound, which reacts with α-naphthylamine to form a red azo compound); and 4) the autoxidation of hematoxylin to hematein by \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{O}_{2}^{-}\) \end{document}. In all cases, the production of colored compounds was inversely proportional to SOD activity. Although all of the assays were successful in quantitating SOD activity, assays 1 and 4 appeared simplest to use and had the fewest drawbacks.

scholarly journals Superoxide Dismutase-Dependent, Catalase-Sensitive Peroxides in Human Endothelial Cells Infected by Rickettsia rickettsii

1998 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 1293-1298 ◽  
Author(s):  
June E. Hong ◽  
Lisa A. Santucci ◽  
Xiaojiang Tian ◽  
David J. Silverman
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Rickettsia Rickettsii ◽  
Diethyldithiocarbamic Acid ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Enzyme Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

ABSTRACT The generation and intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species have been shown to be associated with the infection of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) by Rickettsia rickettsii. In response to the oxidant superoxide, the activity of the enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) increases following infection by this obligate intracellular bacterium. Other oxidants which are capable of oxidizing the fluorescent probe 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin (DCFH) also accumulate intracellularly within infected cells. In the study reported here, we show that (i) an inhibitor of SOD, diethyldithiocarbamic acid, reduces the observed rise in SOD activity in infected cells by 40 to 60% and at the same time reduces the degree of intracellular oxidation of DCFH; (ii) catalase-sensitive peroxides can be detected in supernatants of R. rickettsii-infected cells shortly after rickettsial exposure; and (iii) fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis demonstrates significant intracellular oxidant activity in infected cells within 5 h after exposure to R. rickettsii. The results of these experiments indicate that hydrogen peroxide is a major oxidant associated with infection of HUVEC by R. rickettsii and that intracellular oxidant activity sensitive to SOD inhibition is detectable early and prior to significant rickettsial multiplication and much earlier than the ultrastructural manifestations of cell injury seen by electron microscopy.

scholarly journals Breeding Wheat for Biotic Stress Resistance: Achievements, Challenges and Prospects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harmeet Singh Bakala ◽  
Kamalpreet Singh Mandahal ◽  
Ankita ◽  
Loveleen Kaur Sarao ◽  
Puja Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Biotic Stress ◽  
Molecular Mapping ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
R Genes ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Food Grain ◽  
Mapping Techniques

Wheat (T. aestivum) is one of the key food grain crops and is a prominent source of calories and proteins globally. In addition to mushrooming population and rising abiotic stresses in this ongoing climate change era, biotic stresses pose a great threat to wheat production over the globe. Fungal diseases such as rusts, mildew, along with pests like aphid, hinder the potential yield performance of the elite wheat cultivars to a huge extent. The complex nature of plant-parasite interactions is shown to be the decisive factor for the ultimate resistance expression in wheat. However, the advancement of molecular genetics and biotechnology enabled the replacement of the tedious, time and resource consuming cytogenetic analyses of locating APR and ASR genes using molecular mapping techniques. Continuous efforts have been made to mine resistance genes from diverse genetic resources such as wild relatives for combating these diseases and pests, which are repositories of R genes. Additionally, they offer a promising source of genetic variation to be introgressed and exploited for imparting biotic stress tolerance in cultivated wheat. Though just a handful of R-genes are cloned and molecularly characterized in wheat so far, more than 350 resistance genes for various diseases have been identified and successfully introgressed into elite varieties around the globe. Modern genomics and phenomic approaches coupled with next-generation sequencing techniques have facilitated the fine-mapping as well as marker aided selection of resistance genes for biotic stress resistance wheat breeding.

scholarly journals Heterosis, combining ability and gene action studies in cucumber for different biotic stresses to develope resistant hybrids

Genetika ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-212
Author(s):  
Manisha Thakur ◽  
Ramesh Kumar ◽  
Sandeep Kansal
Keyword(s):  
Biotic Stress ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Stress Shielding ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Additive Gene

Biotic stress is the major constrains for the realization of crop yield potential. As climate change progresses, the spread and intensity of biotic stress is expected to increase, with increased probability of crops being exposed to stress. Shielding crops from stress requires a better understanding of the plant?s response and its genetic architecture. The dearth of research pertaining to the heterosis, combining ability and gene action studies for insect-pest (fruit fly) and disease incidences (powdery and downy mildew) in cucumber compels us to undertake this study. The experimental material comprised 15 F1 crosses, developed by crossing 6 genotypes during the year 2015. Parents and the 15 hybrids, along with standard check (KH-1), were planted in a randomized complete block design during the year 2016 for screening against different insect-pest and diseases under natural field conditions. In the present studies, genotypes PI-618860, UHF-CUC-1, UHF-CUC-2 and Khira-75 and crosses Khira-75 x PI-618860, Khira-75 x UHF-CUC-1 and Khira-75 x UHF-CUC-2 were found superior in response to insect-pest and disease incidences. Further, gene action studies indicated predominant role of non-additive gene action governing all the traits under study.

scholarly journals Oxidative stability and quality of raw Saanen and Alpine goats milk

2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 637-646
Author(s):  
T. S. Marenjak ◽  
N. Poljičak-Milas ◽  
J. Piršljin ◽  
B. B. Ljubić ◽  
S. Milinković Tur
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Enzyme Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Oxidative Products

Abstract. The milk composition and concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in fresh and refrigerated raw goat milk of Saanen and Alpine breed at the breeding period were investigated. Low average milk fat, SNF and lactose content were determined in both breeds with no significant differences between breeds regarding the milk yield and milk composition. The significantly higher somatic cell count (SCC) was detected in Saanen goats. The SOD activity and TBARS concentration were significantly higher 14 h after the collection and cold storage in both breeds of dairy goats with no difference between the breeds. In the Alpine goats the TBARS concentration was negatively correlated with urea concentration, and in the milk of the Saanen goats the TBARS was positively correlated with proteins and SCC. The higher SCC in the Saanen goats may have caused higher production of secondary oxidative products catalysed by the enzyme superoxide dismutase from polymorphonuclear granulocytes present in the udder, or by some other enzymes that participate in oxidation of the milk constituents. The energy shortage and protein surplus in the diet of the dairy goats may have induced the higher degree of lipid mobilisation and a consequent increase of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) that are easily prone to oxidation and formation of the secondary oxidative products.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Transcriptomic Identification and Functional Insight of Lily WRKY Genes Responding to Botrytis Fungal Disease

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 776
Author(s):  
Shipra Kumari ◽  
Bashistha Kumar Kanth ◽  
Ju young Ahn ◽  
Jong Hwa Kim ◽  
Geung-Joo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Biotic Stress ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Lilium Longiflorum ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Genome Wide

Genome-wide transcriptome analysis using RNA-Seq of Lilium longiflorum revealed valuable genes responding to biotic stresses. WRKY transcription factors are regulatory proteins playing essential roles in defense processes under environmental stresses, causing considerable losses in flower quality and production. Thirty-eight WRKY genes were identified from the transcriptomic profile from lily genotypes, exhibiting leaf blight caused by Botrytis elliptica. Lily WRKYs have a highly conserved motif, WRKYGQK, with a common variant, WRKYGKK. Phylogeny of LlWRKYs with homologous genes from other representative plant species classified them into three groups- I, II, and III consisting of seven, 22, and nine genes, respectively. Base on functional annotation, 22 LlWRKY genes were associated with biotic stress, nine with abiotic stress, and seven with others. Sixteen unique LlWRKY were studied to investigate responses to stress conditions using gene expression under biotic and abiotic stress treatments. Five genes—LlWRKY3, LlWRKY4, LlWRKY5, LlWRKY10, and LlWRKY12—were substantially upregulated, proving to be biotic stress-responsive genes in vivo and in vitro conditions. Moreover, the expression patterns of LlWRKY genes varied in response to drought, heat, cold, and different developmental stages or tissues. Overall, our study provides structural and molecular insights into LlWRKY genes for use in the genetic engineering in Lilium against Botrytis disease.

scholarly journals Proteomics and Metabolomics Studies on the Biotic Stress Responses of Rice: an Update

Rice ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kieu Thi Xuan Vo ◽  
Md Mizanor Rahman ◽  
Md Mustafizur Rahman ◽  
Kieu Thi Thuy Trinh ◽  
Sun Tae Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Biotic Stress ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Novel Proteins ◽  
Stress Agent ◽  
Global Food ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractBiotic stresses represent a serious threat to rice production to meet global food demand and thus pose a major challenge for scientists, who need to understand the intricate defense mechanisms. Proteomics and metabolomics studies have found global changes in proteins and metabolites during defense responses of rice exposed to biotic stressors, and also reported the production of specific secondary metabolites (SMs) in some cultivars that may vary depending on the type of biotic stress and the time at which the stress is imposed. The most common changes were seen in photosynthesis which is modified differently by rice plants to conserve energy, disrupt food supply for biotic stress agent, and initiate defense mechanisms or by biotic stressors to facilitate invasion and acquire nutrients, depending on their feeding style. Studies also provide evidence for the correlation between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and photorespiration and photosynthesis which can broaden our understanding on the balance of ROS production and scavenging in rice-pathogen interaction. Variation in the generation of phytohormones is also a key response exploited by rice and pathogens for their own benefit. Proteomics and metabolomics studies in resistant and susceptible rice cultivars upon pathogen attack have helped to identify the proteins and metabolites related to specific defense mechanisms, where choosing of an appropriate method to identify characterized or novel proteins and metabolites is essential, considering the outcomes of host-pathogen interactions. Despites the limitation in identifying the whole repertoire of responsive metabolites, some studies have shed light on functions of resistant-specific SMs. Lastly, we illustrate the potent metabolites responsible for resistance to different biotic stressors to provide valuable targets for further investigation and application.

10-gingerol induces oxidative stress through HTR1A in cumulus cells: in-vitro and in-silico studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiptiyah Kiptiyah ◽  
Widodo Widodo ◽  
Gatot Ciptadi ◽  
Aulanni’am Aulanni’Am ◽  
Mohammad A. Widodo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cell Culture ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Cumulus Cell ◽  
Cumulus Cells ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
In Silico Studies ◽  
Incubation Periods

AbstractBackgroundWe investigated whether 10-gingerol is able to induce oxidative stress in cumulus cells.MethodsFor the in-vitro research, we used a cumulus cell culture in M199, containing 10-gingerol in various concentrations (0, 12, 16, and 20 µM), and detected oxidative stress through superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations, with incubation periods of 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. The obtained results were confirmed by in-silico studies.ResultsThe in-vitro data revealed that SOD activity and MDA concentration increased with increasing incubation periods: SOD activity at 0 µM (1.39 ± 0.24i), 12 µM (16.42 ± 0.35ab), 16 µM (17.28 ± 0.55ab), 20 µM (17.81 ± 0.12a), with a contribution of 71.1%. MDA concentration at 0 µM (17.82 ± 1.39 l), 12 µM (72.99 ± 0.31c), 16 µM (79.77 ± 4.19b), 20 µM (85.07 ± 2.57a), with a contribution of 73.1%. Based on this, the in-silico data uncovered that 10˗gingerol induces oxidative stress in cumulus cells by inhibiting HTR1A functions and inactivating GSK3B and AKT˗1.Conclusions10-gingerol induces oxidative stress in cumulus cells through enhancing SOD activity and MDA concentration by inhibiting HTR1A functions and inactivating GSK3B and AKT˗1.

scholarly journals Gene Pool of Winter Wheat from the World Collection of N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Industry (VIR) for Biotic Stress Resistance

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 514
Author(s):  
Sulukhan Temirbekova ◽  
Ibrahim Jafarov ◽  
Ivan Kulikov ◽  
Yuliya Afanaseva ◽  
Elena Kalashnikova
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Biotic Stress ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
World Collection ◽  
Methodological Guidelines ◽  
The Ideal

This paper presents the results of the 50 year-long research into the winter wheat gene pool from the VIR world collection in the Moscow region to assess biotic stress resistance following N.I. Vavilov’s concept of the ‘ideal variety’, proposed in 1935. The Federal Scientific Selection and Technology Center for Horticulture and Nursery was responsible for the field studies of winter wheat, and the All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology and Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy—for phytopathological studies. The wheat collection was studied in compliance with the VIR Methodological Guidelines using the International COMECON list of descriptors for the genus Triticum L. Resistance against the enzyme–mycotic depletion of seeds (EMDS) was tested using original techniques. It was found that annual brown rust and powdery mildew attacks in the collection’s winter wheat samples caused no significant economic damage. One case of Septoria head and leaf blotch, two cases of Fusarium head blight, one case of root rot, one case of barley yellow dwarf virus, 20 cases of EMDS, and three cases of 3rd-degree EMDS, i.e., seed germination in an ear, were recorded. The parent material resistant to the biotic stresses of the region was selected for breeding. Domestic breeders have created outstanding wheat varieties close to the ‘ideal’ as noted by N.I. Vavilov.

scholarly journals Attenuation of renal excretory responses to ANG II during inhibition of superoxide dismutase in anesthetized rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 298 (2) ◽  
pp. F401-F407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Abdul Hye Khan ◽  
Mohammed Toriqul Islam ◽  
Alexander Castillo ◽  
Dewan Syed Abdul Majid
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Nadph Oxidase ◽  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Doppler Flowmetry ◽  
Nadph Oxidase Activity ◽  
Blood Flows ◽  
Renal Responses

To examine the functional interaction between superoxide dismutase (SOD) and NADPH oxidase activity, we assessed renal responses to acute intra-arterial infusion of ANG II (0.5 ng·kg−1·min−1) before and during administration of a SOD inhibitor, diethyldithiocarbamate (DETC, 0.5 mg·kg−1·min−1), in enalaprilat-pretreated (33 μg·kg−1·min−1) rats ( n = 11). Total (RBF) and regional (cortical, CBF; medullary; MBF) renal blood flows were determined by Transonic and laser-Doppler flowmetry, respectively. Renal cortical and medullary tissue NADPH oxidase activity in vitro was determined using the lucigenin-chemiluminescence method. DETC treatment alone resulted in decreases in RBF, CBF, MBF, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), urine flow (V), and sodium excretion (UNaV) as reported previously. Before DETC, ANG II infusion decreased RBF (−18 ± 3%), CBF (−16 ± 3%), MBF [−5 ± 6%; P = not significant (NS)], GFR (−31 ± 4%), V (−34 ± 2%), and UNaV (−53 ± 3%). During DETC infusion, ANG II also caused similar reductions in RBF (−20 ± 4%), CBF (−19 ± 3%), MBF (−2 ± 2; P = NS), and in GFR (−22 ± 7%), whereas renal excretory responses (V; −12 ± 2%; UNaV; −24 ± 4%) were significantly attenuated compared with those before DETC. In in vitro experiments, ANG II (100 μM) enhanced NADPH oxidase activity both in cortical [13,194 ± 1,651 vs. 20,914 ± 2,769 relative light units (RLU)/mg protein] and in medullary (21,296 ± 2,244 vs. 30,597 ± 4,250 RLU/mg protein) tissue. Application of DETC (1 mM) reduced the basal levels and prevented ANG II-induced increases in NADPH oxidase activity in both tissues. These results demonstrate that renal excretory responses to acute ANG II administration are attenuated during SOD inhibition, which seems related to a downregulation of NADPH oxidase in the deficient condition of SOD activity.

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