Turning C1-gases to Isobutanol Towards a Great Environmental and Economic Sustainability via Innovative Biological Routes: Two Birds With One Stone

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bobo Liang ◽  
Rongzhan Fu ◽  
Yingqun Ma ◽  
Lizhen Hu ◽  
Qiang Fei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Multiple Point ◽  
Energy Calculation ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Cell Factories

Abstract BackgroundThe dramatic increase in emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) has led to an irreversible effect on the ecosystem, which in turn caused significant harm to human beings and other species. Exploring innovative and effective approaches to neutralizing GHGs is urgently needed. Considering the advancement of synthetic biology and the bioconversion process, C1-utilizing cell factories (CUCFs) have been modified to be able to effectively convert C1-gases includes biogas, natural gas, and carbon dioxide (CO2) into chemicals or fuels via biological routes, which greatly facilitates the inedible carbon sources used in biomanufacturing, increases the potential value of GHGs and meanwhile reduces the GHG emissions. Process design and resultsEven though the current experimental results are satisfactory in lab-scale research, the evaluation of economic feasibility as well as applications of CUCFs in industrial-scale still need to be analyzed. This study designed three scenarios of CUCFs-based conversion of biogas, natural gas, and CO2 into isobutanol, the detailed techno-economic analyses of these scenarios were conducted with the comparisons of capital cost, operating cost, and minimum isobutanol selling price (MISP). Results revealed that direct bio-conversion of CO2 by CUCFs into isobutanol exhibited the best economic performance with a MISP of $1.38/kg isobutanol. The single sensitivity analysis showed that the gas utilization rate, flow rate, and CO2 cost are the three most significant economic-driving forces on MISP of CO2-derived biological isobutanol. Multiple-point sensitivity analysis presented that the MISP for the long-term case can be as low as 0.99 $/kg with using ideal targets. ConclusionsOur findings provide a comprehensive assessment of bio-conversion of C1-gases via CUCFs to isobutanol in terms of the bioprocess design, mass/energy calculation, capital investment, operating expense, sensitivity analysis, and environmental impact. It is expected that this study may lead to the paradigm shift in isobutanol synthesis with C1-gases as substrates.

scholarly journals Techno-economic analysis of producing low heating value underground coal gasification gas in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 882 (1) ◽  
pp. 012081
Author(s):  
M. Huda ◽  
S. Salinita ◽  
Zulfahmi ◽  
N Madiutomo ◽  
E Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Coal Mines ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Underground Coal Gasification ◽  
Discounted Cash Flow ◽  
Heating Value

Abstract Indonesia is currently reviewing the use of underground coal gasification (UCG) technology to utilize deep-seated coal. UCG may exploit the coal deposit that is not feasible for open-pit mines due to its great depths. In this study, the UCG plant in two coal mines, the Kideco Jaya Agung (KJA) and the Indominco (IMM) coal mines, will be compared their economics in producing low heating value gas with a capacity of 170,000 MJ/hour. The UCG plants implement the linking vertical well (LVW) technique combined with reverses combustion linking (RCL). The discounted cash flow (DCF) method is used for financial analysis to determine the minimum selling price of UCG low heating value gas. The study aims to understand the economic feasibility of applying UCG technology to Indonesia’s different characteristics of coal deposits. The results show the minimum prices of the low heating value UCG gas of KJA and IMM UCG plants are USD 3/MMBTU and USD 3.57/MMBTU, respectively. The operating cost of the IMM UCG is higher than that of the KJA UCG plant due to its thinner and deeper coal seams.

scholarly journals Feasibility Study of Biogas Production from Miscanthus Biomass in the Tavoush Region

2021 ◽  
pp. 138-143
Author(s):  
D. Z. Markosyan
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Discount Rates ◽  
Miscanthus Giganteus ◽  
Cheap Alternative ◽  
The Cost

This study aims to assess the economic feasibility of biogas production from the biomass of Miscanthus Giganteus. Three scenarios have been applied based on its productivity and stand’s life. The breakeven prices per tonne for each scenario were calculated and sensitivity analysis was conducted with respect to various factors. Afterward, the cost per gigajoule was calculated and compared to Natural Gas. The cost per gigajoule of Miscanthus ranges from 920-3033 AMD based on the sensitivity results, hence it can be quite cheap alternative depending on the yield, discount rates and rhizome costs.

Recent Advances in Heterostructured Photocatalysts for Degradation of Organic Pollutants.

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen-Jing Sun ◽  
Li-Ping Zhao ◽  
Rui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Type I ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
High Efficient

: With the development of industrialization, the global environmental pollution and energy crisis are becoming increasingly serious. Organic pollutants pose a serious health threat to human beings and other organisms. The removal of organic pollutants in environment has become a global challenge. The photocatalytic technology has been widely used in the degradation of organic pollutants with its characteristics of simple process, high efficiency, thorough degradation and no secondary pollution. However, the single photocatalyst represented by TiO2 has disadvantages of low light utilization rate and high recombination rate of photocarriers. Building heterojunction is considered one of the most effective methods to enhance the photocatalytic performance of single photocatalyst, which can improve the separation efficiency of photocarriers and utilization of visible light. The classical heterojunction can be divided into four different cases: type I, typeⅡ, p–n heterojunctions and Z-scheme junction. In this paper, the recent progress in the treatment of organic pollution by heterostructure photocatalysts is summarized and the mechanism of heterostructure photocatalysts for the treatment of organic pollutants is reviewed. It is expected that this paper can deepen the understanding of heterostructure photocatalysts and provide guidance for high efficient photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants in the future.

scholarly journals Multiple-Criteria Decision-Making and Sensitivity Analysis for Selection of Materials for Knee Implant Femoral Component

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2084
Author(s):  
Raman Kumar ◽  
Rohit Dubey ◽  
Sehijpal Singh ◽  
Sunpreet Singh ◽  
Chander Prakash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Femoral Component ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Multiple Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Multiple Criteria ◽  
Biomedical Science ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Weighted Sum Method ◽  
Selection Of

Total knee replacement (TKR) is a remarkable achievement in biomedical science that enhances human life. However, human beings still suffer from knee-joint-related problems such as aseptic loosening caused by excessive wear between articular surfaces, stress-shielding of the bone by prosthesis, and soft tissue development in the interface of bone and implant due to inappropriate selection of TKR material. The choice of most suitable materials for the femoral component of TKR is a critical decision; therefore, in this research paper, a hybrid multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) tactic is applied using the degree of membership (DoM) technique with a varied system, using the weighted sum method (WSM), the weighted product method (WPM), the weighted aggregated sum product assessment method (WASPAS), an evaluation based on distance from average solution (EDAS), and a technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). The weights of importance are assigned to different criteria by the equal weights method (EWM). Furthermore, sensitivity analysis is conducted to check the solidity of the projected tactic. The weights of importance are varied using the entropy weights technique (EWT) and the standard deviation method (SDM). The projected hybrid MCDM methodology is simple, reliable and valuable for a conflicting decision-making environment.

scholarly journals Solar Integrated Anaerobic Digester: Energy Savings and Economics

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 4292
Author(s):  
Lidia Lombardi ◽  
Barbara Mendecka ◽  
Simone Fabrizi
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Economic Sustainability ◽  
Solar Thermal Energy ◽  
Solar Integration

Industrial anaerobic digestion requires low temperature thermal energy to heat the feedstock and maintain temperature conditions inside the reactor. In some cases, the thermal requirements are satisfied by burning part of the produced biogas in devoted boilers. However, part of the biogas can be saved by integrating thermal solar energy into the anaerobic digestion plant. We study the possibility of integrating solar thermal energy in biowaste mesophilic/thermophilic anaerobic digestion, with the aim of reducing the amount of biogas burnt for internal heating and increasing the amount of biogas, further upgraded to biomethane and injected into the natural gas grid. With respect to previously available studies that evaluated the possibility of integrating solar thermal energy in anaerobic digestion, we introduce the topic of economic sustainability by performing a preliminary and simplified economic analysis of the solar system, based only on the additional costs/revenues. The case of Italian economic incentives for biomethane injection into the natural gas grid—that are particularly favourable—is considered as reference case. The amount of saved biogas/biomethane, on an annual basis, is about 4–55% of the heat required by the gas boiler in the base case, without solar integration, depending on the different considered variables (mesophilic/thermophilic, solar field area, storage time, latitude, type of collector). Results of the economic analysis show that the economic sustainability can be reached only for some of the analysed conditions, using the less expensive collector, even if its efficiency allows lower biomethane savings. Future reduction of solar collector costs might improve the economic feasibility. However, when the payback time is calculated, excluding the Italian incentives and considering selling the biomethane at the natural gas price, its value is always higher than 10 years. Therefore, incentives mechanism is of great importance to support the economic sustainability of solar integration in biowaste anaerobic digestion producing biomethane.

scholarly journals Electrical Damping Assessment and Sensitivity Analysis of a Liquefied Natural Gas Plant: Experimental Validation

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 4084
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Bongini ◽  
Rosa Anna Mastromauro ◽  
Daniele Sgrò ◽  
Fabrizio Malvaldi
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Control System ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Experimental Validation ◽  
Power Conversion ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Simulation Platform ◽  
Electrical Damping ◽  
Conversion Stage

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) plants are commonly island-operated weak grids where the interaction of high-power Variable Frequency Drives (VFDs) with the Turbine-Generator (TG) units might cause Sub-Synchronous Torsional Interaction (SSTI) phenomena. SSTI phenomena can lead the LNG plant to instability conditions. Each LNG plant configuration is characterized by a risk level, which is considered high when the electrical damping at the TG Torsional Natural Frequencies (TNFs) is negative. Starting from a real case study, a detailed electromechanical model of an LNG plant is presented. The model is comprehensive of the control system of the power conversion stage and of the TG unit. Sensitivity analysis, performed on control system parameters, allows one to detect the parameters that impact the electrical damping and the stability of the overall LNG plant. A complete simulation platform is developed. Experimental results are carried out on a real LNG plant considering four different configurations. The theoretical model and the simulation platform allow one to estimate the electrical damping and the results are confirmed by the experimental validation. It is demonstrated that fine tuning of the power conversion stage control parameters can reduce the risk related to torsional instability.

Techno-economic feasibility and sustainability of an integrated carbon capture and conversion process to synthetic natural gas

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 101488
Author(s):  
Remi Chauvy ◽  
Damien Verdonck ◽  
Lionel Dubois ◽  
Diane Thomas ◽  
Guy De Weireld
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Conversion Process ◽  
Synthetic Natural Gas

Economic feasibility of ice storage systems for office building applications: A climate sensitivity analysis

2022 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 103712
Author(s):  
Saeed Rahgozar ◽  
Maziar Dehghan ◽  
Abolfazl Pourrajabian ◽  
Hamidreza Haghgou
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Climate Sensitivity ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Ice Storage

Peak-Shaving Ratio Analysis of the Natural Gas Combined Heat and Power Plant With Distributed Peak-Shaving Heat Pumps

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiling Zhao ◽  
Xiaoyin Wang ◽  
Tao Sun
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Heat Source ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Heat Load ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Optimized Design ◽  
Peak Shaving ◽  
Gas Price

Distributed peak-shaving heat pump technology is to use a heat pump to adjust the heat on the secondary network in a substation, with features of low initial investment, flexible adjustment, and high operating cost. The paper takes an example for the system that uses two 9F class gas turbines (back pressure steam) as the basic heat source and a distributed heat pump in the substation as the peak-shaving heat source. The peak-shaving ratio is defined as the ratio of the designed peak-shaving heat load and the designed total heat load. The economic annual cost is taken as a goal, and the optimal peak-shaving ratio of the system is investigated. The influence of natural gas price, electricity price, and transportation distance are also analyzed. It can provide the reference for the optimized design and operation of the system.

scholarly journals Gas to Liquids Techno-Economics of Associated Natural Gas, Bio Gas, and Landfill Gas

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1568
Author(s):  
Federico Galli ◽  
Jun-Jie Lai ◽  
Jacopo De Tommaso ◽  
Gianluca Pauletto ◽  
Gregory S. Patience
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Landfill Gas ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Fischer Tropsch ◽  
Gas To Liquids ◽  
The Impact

Methane is the second highest contributor to the greenhouse effect. Its global warming potential is 37 times that of CO2. Flaring-associated natural gas from remote oil reservoirs is currently the only economical alternative. Gas-to-liquid (GtL) technologies first convert natural gas into syngas, then it into liquids such as methanol, Fischer–Tropsch fuels or dimethyl ether. However, studies on the influence of feedstock composition are sparse, which also poses technical design challenges. Here, we examine the techno-economic analysis of a micro-refinery unit (MRU) that partially oxidizes methane-rich feedstocks and polymerizes the syngas formed via Fischer–Tropsch reaction. We consider three methane-containing waste gases: natural gas, biogas, and landfill gas. The FT fuel selling price is critical for the economy of the unit. A Monte Carlo simulation assesses the influence of the composition on the final product quantity as well as on the capital and operative expenses. The Aspen Plus simulation and Python calculate the net present value and payback time of the MRU for different price scenarios. The CO2 content in biogas and landfill gas limit the CO/H2 ratio to 1.3 and 0.9, respectively, which increases the olefins content of the final product. Compressors are the main source of capital cost while the labor cost represents 20–25% of the variable cost. An analysis of the impact of the plant dimension demonstrated that the higher number represents a favorable business model for this unit. A minimal production of 7,300,000 kg y−1 is required for MRU to have a positive net present value after 10 years when natural gas is the feedstock.

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