scholarly journals Cross-Sectional Study of Outpatient Drug Indicators, Prescribing Trends and Economic Data of Chinese Jingzhou Area With WHO/INRUD Methodology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Zou ◽  
Jingsong Mei ◽  
Yuanrong Yang ◽  
Guohua Jia
Keyword(s):  
Drug Cost ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Economic Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Prescribing Trends ◽  
Sample Interval ◽  
Antibiotic Cost

Abstract Background: In order to get the baseline data of Chinese hospital overall medical reformation and investigate the drug indicators, prescribing trends and economic data, we investigated the data before administrative interventions with the historical control method. Method: According to the WHO/INRUD criteria and cross-sectional studies, the retrospective method and equal sample interval of systematic sampling were used. We sampled from daily ordinary prescriptions, computed the drug indicators, prescribing trends and economic data and compared the mean of twelve days. Result: We sampled 1171 from 38246 adult ordinary prescriptions, the sampling percent was 3.06%, percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name 100.00%, In 2012-2014, the percentage of antibiotic cost in the daily drug cost decreased from17.44% to 8.01%, percentage of prescriptions with an antibiotic prescribed decreased from 12.64% to 9.64%, percentage of encounters with an injection prescribed decreased from 15.21% to 12.77%, the percentage of antibiotic cost in the daily drug cost decreased from 17.44% to 8.01%.Conclusion: By comparing the related data, most indicators were in decreasing trend and becoming more rational, administrative interventions had greatly most prescribing indicators, our hospital overall medical reformation was steadily advanced.

scholarly journals 218. Changes in Dental Antibiotic Prescribing in the United States, 2012–2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S111-S111
Author(s):  
Swetha Ramanathan ◽  
Connie H Yan ◽  
Colin Hubbard ◽  
Gregory Calip ◽  
Lisa K Sharp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Prescription Data ◽  
Oral Antibiotic ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prescribing Trends ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Linear Regressions

Abstract Background Data suggest dental antibiotic prescribing is increasing with relatively less documented about prescribing trends in adults and children. Therefore, the aim was to evaluate trends in antibiotic prescribing by US dentists from 2012–2017. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of US dental prescribing using IQVIA Longitudinal Prescription Data from 2012 to 2017. Prescribing rates (prescriptions [Rx] per 100,000 dentists), mean days’ supply, and mean quantity dispensed were calculated monthly across eight oral antibiotic groups: amoxicillin, clindamycin, cephalexin, azithromycin, penicillin, doxycycline, fluoroquinolone, and other antibiotics. Descriptive frequencies and multiple linear regressions were performed to obtain trends overall and stratified by adults (≥ 18) and children (< 18). Results 220, 325 dentists prescribed 135 million Rx (94.0% in adults). 61.0% were amoxicillin, 14.4% clindamycin, 11.7% penicillin, 4.4% azithromycin, 4.3% cephalexin, 2.0% other antibiotics, 1.4% doxycycline, and 0.7% fluoroquinolones. Prescribing increased by 33 Rx/100,000 dentists (p< 0.0001) each month for all antibiotics. Amoxicillin (p< 0.0001) and clindamycin (p=0.02) prescribing rate increased by 73 and 5 Rx/100,000 dentists, respectively. Prescribing decreased by 8, 12, and 2 Rx/100,000 dentists for cephalexin (p< 0.0001), doxycycline (p< 0.0001), and fluoroquinolones (p=0.008), respectively. Mean days’ supply increased for amoxicillin, penicillin, and clindamycin (p< 0.0001), and decreased for cephalexin (p< 0.0001).Mean quantity dispensed decreased (p< 0.0001) for all groups except azithromycin and doxycycline. Among adults, cephalexin prescribing rates (7 Rx/100,000 dentist; p< 0.0001) and other antibiotics days’ supply (p< 0.0001) decreased. Among children, azithromycin prescribing rates (1 Rx/100,000 dentists, p=0.02), and fluoroquinolone and other antibiotics days’ supply (p< 0.0001) decreased. Conclusion These findings support dental antibiotic prescribing is increasing, specifically for amoxicillin and clindamycin. Further, trends differed between adults and children. Understanding what is driving these trends is important to target dental antibiotic stewardship efforts. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals Assessment of Nurses Awareness Regarding Hemodialysis Complications: A Cross-Sectional Study in Lahore, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-24
Author(s):  
Sadia Nasarullah ◽  
Muhammad Hussain ◽  
Kousar Perveen ◽  
Muhammad Afzal
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Hemodialysis Unit ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to assess the awareness of nurses regarding hemodialysis complication in Lahore, Pakistan. Methodology: Descriptive research design was used to conduct this study. The study was conducted at the Hemodialysis Unit at tertiary Care Hospital Lahore, Pakistan. The sample of the study consisted of 110 nurses (female) working in the hemodialysis unit, aged between 18 and 55 years has agreed to participate in this study. The self-administered questionnaire sheet was used to collect study-related data with the following sections. Part 1: ''Nurse's socio-demographic characteristics'', Part 2: "Nurses 'Awareness of Hemodialysis Practices", Part 3: "Nurses' Awareness of Hemodialysis Complications" Findings: Most of the nurses had a good level of knowledge about the complications of hemodialysis and very few of them had little knowledge. Most of the nurses were females and were aged 18-27. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Further research should be done on a larger sample of them which focuses on their practice and should make the results of their study regarding their knowledge and its reflection on their practice  

scholarly journals Hotspots of unimproved sources of drinking water in Ethiopia: Mapping and Spatial analysis of Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey Data 2016

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Getahun Gebre Bogale
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
National Level ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Moran’S I ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Moran's I

Abstract Background: More than 35% of Ethiopian population is using drinking water from unimproved sources. As per the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals, Ethiopia is aspiring to achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all by 2030. For these goals to be accomplished, it is important to map the country’s hotspot areas of unimproved source of drinking-water so that resource allocation and disease control can be optimized there. Methods: A population based cross-sectional study was conducted in Ethiopia from January 18 to June 27, 2016. Data were collected from 10,064 households using a pretested and structured questionnaire. A stratified two-stage cluster sampling was employed where the enumeration areas were primary sampling units and households were secondary sampling units. Systematic sampling with probability proportional to size was employed to select samples. Data were cleaned in spreadsheet and entered in to SaTScan and ArcGIS soft-wares for mapping and analysis. The Global Moran’s I and spatial scan statistical tests (Bernoulli model) were done to explore the presence of clustering in the study area and local spatial clusters (hotspots) of unimproved sources of drinking water using ArcGIS version 10.3 and Kuldorff’s SaTScan version 9.4 soft-wares, respectively. Moran’s I value closer to +1 declared presence of clustering at national level and Log-Likelihood ratio (LLR) greater than the critical value with p<0.05 declared statistical significant hotspots across the regions. Results: In this study, unimproved sources of drinking water were spatially clustered at the study area (Moran’s I: 0.35, p<0.05). A total of 143 significant clusters were identified. Of which, eight were most likely (primary) clusters and the rest 135 were secondary clusters. The first spatial window which contains primary clusters was located in Amhara and Afar regions (LLR: 78.89, at p<0.001). The rest 33 spatial windows which contain secondary clusters were found in all regions, except Gambela region and Addis Abeba city administration (with a range of LLR: 10.09-78.89, p<0.001). Conclusions: This study identified non-random clusters and hot spots of unimproved sources of drinking water. Therefore, the result helps decision makers for their geographical interventions to combat problems related to hotspots.

scholarly journals Medical record keeping practices in a tertiary level hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 723-730
Author(s):  
Priti Kana Barua ◽  
Ashees Kumar Saha ◽  
Jay Priya Borua ◽  
Shampa Barua ◽  
Nasima Akhter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Record ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Future Health ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Record System ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
The Government

Medical record is the most important document in the medical field. This cross sectional study was conducted at Chittagong Medical College hospital from January to December, 2017 with the aim to assess the existing medical record keeping practices. Around 214 patients’ record files were selected by systematic sampling method and 30 record keeping personnel were also interviewed. Data were collected by review of records by observational checklist and semi-structured questionnaire were administered to medical record keeping personnel. This study showed that, out of 44 items of patient record file among them 33 items were recorded in 100%. Majority of the medical records (89.7%) were satisfactorily completed. All of the respondents mentioned that they had no training regarding medical record keeping practices. All the respondents stated that some problem faced during keeping the medical record and (90.0%) respondents stated that computerized medical record system could solve the problem they faced. This study showed that, the medical recording status is good in majority areas but keeping practice was not organized at all. There were important defects in keeping the medical records. It seems that there are multiple factors contributing to the problem, such as lack of manpower, insufficient record room and they had no training about medical record keeping practice. It is necessary for the government to develop policies and strategies to improve medical record keeping practice for patient safety, to reduce error, repetition of investigations, protect the medico legal issues and future health care advancement. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2020, 6(4): 723-730

scholarly journals Assessment of the perceived burden associated with Malignant Melanoma with Pictorial Representation of Illness and Self Measure (PRISM) and Melanoma Concerns Questionnaire (MCQ-28)

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Borghi ◽  
Maria Elena Flacco ◽  
Alberto Monti ◽  
Lucrezia Pacetti ◽  
Michela Tabanelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Pictorial Representation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prism Score ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Perceived Burden ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Purpose The impact of malignant melanoma (MM) on patients’ psychophysical well-being has been poorly addressed. We aimed to assess the perceived burden in patients with a diagnosis of MM, using two different tools, one generic and one specific for MM, such as Pictorial Representation of Illness and Self Measure (PRISM) and Melanoma Concerns Questionnaire (MCQ-28), respectively. The correlation between PRISM and MCQ-28 subscales and the relevance of disease and patient-related variables were also investigated. Methods This single-centre, cross-sectional study included all adult consecutive MM patients who attended our Dermatology Unit from December 2020 to June 2021. Demographics and disease-related data were recorded. PRISM and MCQ-28 were administered. Results One hundred and seventy-one patients were included (mean age: 59.5 ±14.9 years.; 48.0% males). Median time from MM diagnosis to inclusion was 36 months. Nearly 80% of the patients had in situ or stage I MM. Overall, 22.2% of the patients reported a PRISM score <100mm and similar percentages provided scores indicating impaired quality of life, as assessed with MCQ-28 subscales. A weak, albeit significant, correlation was found between PRISM scores and ACP, CON and SOC2 subscales. The most relevant association found was that between lower PRISM scores and higher-stage MM. Conclusions In the study population, mostly affected with superficial MM, their perception of the burden associated with MM did not appear either particularly dramatic or disabling. PRISM seems a reliable system for capturing and quantifying the domains correlated with the emotive dimension of MM, especially MM-related concerns and willingness to face life

scholarly journals Usage and Perceived Side Effects of Personal Protective Measures against Mosquitoes among Current Users in Delhi

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charu Kohli ◽  
Rajesh Kumar ◽  
G. S. Meena ◽  
M. M. Singh ◽  
Jyotiranjan Sahoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Qualitative Variables ◽  
Systematic Sampling Method

Background. Mosquito-borne diseases constitute an important cause of morbidity and mortality. The use of personal protective measures (PPM) like mats, bednets, screening, repellents, liquid vaporizers, mosquito coils, and so forth has been advocated as an effective tool in control of mosquito-borne diseases, but data about the safety profile of personal protective measures is still scarce.Objective. To study the usage and side effects of personal protective measures against mosquitoes among current users in Delhi.Materials and Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study among 350 adult individuals selected by systematic sampling method. Data was collected using pretested semistructured questionnaire after taking written informed consent. Data was analysed using SPSS version 17. Chi-square/Fisher’s Exact test was used for qualitative variables to find association andPvalue <0.05 was considered significant.Results. Out of 350 families selected, 210 belonged to rural area and 140 to urban area. Personal protective measures were used by 219 (62.5%) subjects. Liquid vaporizer was the most preferred method (41.4%). Most common perceived side effect of personal protective measures was headache (7.7%). Other perceived side effects were cough (3.2%), sore throat (2.7%), allergy (1.3%), and eye irritation (0.9%) predominantly among coil users.Conclusion. There is a need to have a close watch for side effects of personal protective measures among users. Further research is also needed to develop safe and effective personal protective measures against mosquitoes.

scholarly journals How far can you go? Association between illicit drug use and academic migration

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
Lauro Miranda Demenech ◽  
Samuel C. Dumith ◽  
Luiza Santos Ferreira ◽  
Mariana Lima Corrêa ◽  
Pedro San Martin Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Illicit Drug Use ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional

ABSTRACT Objective: To measure the prevalence of illicit drugs use in the lifetime, last year and last month, as well as the factors associated to the last year's use and its association with academic migration, among undergraduate students of a university in southern Brazil. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data were collected through self-administered questionnaire. It was conducted a clustered systematic sampling. For multivariate analyses, it was used Poisson regression. Results: 1,423 students participated. The prevalence of illicit drug use in the lifetime, last year and last month were 42.4%, 25.5% and 17.7%, respectively. Regarding illicit substances, marijuana use was the most prevalent. The variables independently associated with illicit drugs use in the last year were academic migration, being male, younger, single, high parent's educational level, living with peers, tobacco use in the last year, and having friend and relative that have used illicit drugs. Religious practice had a protective effect. Conclusion: Individuals who migrated from their cities to study at the university are more exposed to the main risk factors pointed out by this research and hence to the use of illicit drugs. Based on these results, we suggest that universities develop evaluation, prevention, treatment or referral strategies considering specific needs of this population

scholarly journals Pulmonary Function Tests in Hypertensive Patients Attending Zewditu Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mekuriaw Mesfin Birhan ◽  
Yekoye Abebe
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Memorial Hospital ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypertensive Patients

Background. Hypertension imposes stresses on many organs like heart and kidney. However, studies that show the effect of hypertension on the lungs are limited. Objective. To assess pulmonary function status of hypertensive patients aged 30-64 years at Zewditu Memorial Hospital, 2017. Methods. Hospital based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on 61 hypertensive patients (cases) and 61 nonhypertensive clients (controls) aged 30-64 years. Computerized spirometry was done in all cases and controls which were selected by systematic sampling technique. The study was conducted from January 20, 2017, to May 25, 2017. Result. The values of FVC, FEV1, and FEF25-75% were 3.52±1.02 liters, 2.97±0.89 liters, and 3.34±1.3 liters/second in hypertensive patients and 4.31±0.82 liters, 3.54±0.7 liters, and 3.94±1.09 liters/second in controls, respectively. These values were significantly lower (p<0.05) in hypertensive patients compared to controls. Restrictive pulmonary defect was dominant in hypertensive patients. FEV1% which was 85%±7% in hypertensive patients and 82%±5% in controls was significantly higher (p<0.05) in hypertensive patients compared to controls. Conclusion. Hypertensive patients exhibit lower pulmonary function values. Routine check-up of the pulmonary function status of such patients should be done to prevent undesired outcomes.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Factors Influencing Eye Injuries among Welders in Accra, Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Karl Kafui Kwaku Tetteh ◽  
Richard Owusu ◽  
Wisdom Kudzo Axame
Keyword(s):  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Eye Injuries ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Factors Influencing

Background. Eye injuries are one of the most common work-related injuries among certain occupations, including welders. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors influencing eye injuries among welders in Accra, Ghana. Methods. In a cross-sectional study, we recruited 382 welders in Accra from two welding sites. Systematic sampling was used to select participants. A pretested semistructured questionnaire was used to collect demographic information, history of eye injuries, ownership, and use of eye protective equipment and workplace characteristics. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions at 5% level of significance were used to determine factors influencing eye injuries. Data were entered into Microsoft excel and exported to Stata 16/MP for analysis. Results. We found 59.7% of welders engaged in electric/arc welding and 40.3% in gas welding. Overall prevalence of eye injuries was 47.9%, higher among electric/arc welders (73.7%) compared to gas welders (9.7%). Factors associated with eye injuries were engaging in gas welding [AOR: 0.08, 95% CI: 0.04–0.16], higher monthly income [AOR = 5.26; 95% CI: 1.72–16.09], nonuse of eye PPE while working [AOR = 1.86; 95% CI: 1.02–3.43], and no training on the use of eye personal protective equipment [AOR = 2.17; 95% CI: 1.07–4.38]. Conclusion. There is high prevalence of welding-related eye injuries among electric welders. Gas welding, high monthly income, nonuse of eye protective equipment, and inadequate training on the use of eye protective equipment were significantly associated with eye injuries. Health policies should be implemented to ensure all welders use eye personal protective equipment.

scholarly journals Predictors of undernutrition among the elderly in Sodo zuriya district Wolaita zone, Ethiopia

BMC Nutrition ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kidest Wondiye ◽  
Netsanet Abera Asseffa ◽  
Tsegaye Demisse Gemebo ◽  
Feleke Hailemichael Astawesegn
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
District Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Systematic Sampling Method

Abstract Background In any society, the elderly are among the vulnerable and high risk groups with regard to health status. In persons over the age of 60 years, nutrition is among the important determinants of health. However, undernutrition among the elderly is often under diagnosed and/or neglected. Hence, in this study, we looked at prevalence and factors associated with undernutrition among the elderly. Methods A community based cross-sectional study was conducted at Sodo Zuriya district. Multi-stage systematic sampling method was used to select 578 elderly. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographics, dietary diversity, and health status of the elderly. Measurements of weight and height were taken using digital weighing scale and stadio-meter, respectively. Data was entered and cleaned in Epi-Data version3.1and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Binary and multivariate logistic regressions were done and odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Results The overall prevalence of undernutrition was 17.1%. On multivariate logistic regression, being unable to read and write (AOR = 2.09), not being married (AOR = 2.02), history of decline in food intake (AOR = 2.1), smoking (AOR = 4.9) and monthly income <$20 (AOR = 7.5) were factors positively associated with undernutrition. Conclusion The study revealed that prevalence of undernutrition in the district was relatively high. Hence, it is among the major public health burdens in the district. Hence, to improve nutritional status of elderly the district health office and health professionals should consider behavioral support interventions to assist in cessation of smoking. There is also a need to financially empower the elderly in the district.

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