scholarly journals Preparation of Blueberry Anthocyanin Nanoemulsion And Its Stability and Skin Safety Evaluation

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingyue YIN ◽  
Jieyu SONG ◽  
Xiaoling ZHOU ◽  
Wei ZHANG ◽  
Ao WU
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Ternary Phase Diagram ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Good Stability ◽  
Hair Removal ◽  
Diagram Method ◽  
Skin Irritation Test

Abstract BACKGROUND: Blueberry anthocyanins have strong antioxidant activity, but their instability and low bioavailability limit their use. Nanoemulsion is a new type of food and drug carrier with stable thermodynamic properties. Therefore, anthocyanins will be encapsulated with nanoemulsion to improve its stability and application value.RESULTS: In this study, the best surfactants, oil phases and cosurfactants for the preparation of blueberry anthocyanin nanoemulsion were screened by pseudo-ternary phase diagram method and the solubility of blueberry anthocyanin nanoemulsion was taken into consideration. Deep purplish red, clear and transparent anthocyanin nanoemulsion was prepared by simple and cheap low-energy emulsification method according to the formula. Normal and high temperature test and high speed centrifugal test proved that the blueberry anthocyanin nanoemulsion had good stability. Guinea pig skin irritation test and sensitization test showed that there was no irritation and sensitization to guinea pig hair removal skin. CONCLUSION: The blueberry anthocyanin nanoemulsion prepared in this study has good stability at room temperature and is safe for guinea pig hair removal skin. It provides a basis for improving the stability and bioavailability of blueberry anthocyanin, and provides a reference for the application of blueberry anthocyanin nanoemulsion in skin beauty and transdermal drug delivery.

Running safety evaluation of a 350 km/h high-speed freight train negotiating a curve based on the arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian method

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440972098628
Author(s):  
Gongxun Deng ◽  
Yong Peng ◽  
Chunguang Yan ◽  
Boge Wen
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian ◽  
Railway Transportation ◽  
Freight Train ◽  
Fluid Structure ◽  
Running Safety ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Fill Level

To adapt to the rapid growth of the logistics market and further improve the competitiveness of railway transportation, the high-speed freight train with a design speed of 350 km/h is being developed in China. The safety of the train under great axle load of 17 t and dynamic load is unknown. This paper is aimed to study the running safety of the high-speed freight train coupled with various cargo loading conditions negotiating a sharp curve at high velocity. A numerical model integrated a fluid-structure coupled container model and the nonlinear high-speed freight train was set up by the software of LS-DYNA. The fluid-structure interaction model between the container and fluid cargo was established using the Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) method. Two influencing parameters, including the cargo state in the container and the fill level, were selected. The study results showed that the wheelset unloading ratio and overturning coefficient could be significantly affected by the liquid sloshing, while the influence of sloshing on the risk of derailment was slight. In general, increasing the cargo filling rate would contribute to vehicle operation safety. In conclusion, this study would provide theoretical help for the running safety of the newly designed high-speed freight train.

Chondroitin sulfate-curcumin micelle with good stability and reduction sensitivity for anti-cancer drug carrier

2021 ◽  
pp. 130667
Author(s):  
Shao-Fei Zhang ◽  
Wenbin Hu ◽  
Xiang Yan ◽  
Duliu Wang ◽  
Wen Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Good Stability ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Anti Cancer

scholarly journals Probabilistic Safety Analysis of High Speed and Conventional Lines Using Bayesian Networks

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zacarias Grande Andrade ◽  
Enrique Castillo Ron ◽  
Alan O'Connor ◽  
Maria Nogal
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Network ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Driver Behavior ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Safety Analysis ◽  
Human Errors ◽  
Maintenance Costs ◽  
Railway Line ◽  
Probabilistic Safety

A Bayesian network approach is presented for probabilistic safety analysis (PSA) of railway lines. The idea consists of identifying and reproducing all the elements that the train encounters when circulating along a railway line, such as light and speed limit signals, tunnel or viaduct entries or exits, cuttings and embankments, acoustic sounds received in the cabin, curves, switches, etc. In addition, since the human error is very relevant for safety evaluation, the automatic train protection (ATP) systems and the driver behavior and its time evolution are modelled and taken into account to determine the probabilities of human errors. The nodes of the Bayesian network, their links and the associated probability tables are automatically constructed based on the line data that need to be carefully given. The conditional probability tables are reproduced by closed formulas, which facilitate the modelling and the sensitivity analysis. A sorted list of the most dangerous elements in the line is obtained, which permits making decisions about the line safety and programming maintenance operations in order to optimize them and reduce the maintenance costs substantially. The proposed methodology is illustrated by its application to several cases that include real lines such as the Palencia-Santander and the Dublin-Belfast lines.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.3428

scholarly journals Aspects of Diode Laser (805 nm) Hair Removal Safety in a Mixed-Race Group of Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabela Załęska ◽  
Magdalena Atta-Motte
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Diode Laser ◽  
Skin Reaction ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Mixed Race ◽  
Hair Removal ◽  
Laser Hair Removal ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Treatment Settings

Introduction: Laser hair removal (LHR) has become one of the most popular treatments in aesthetics. Side effects are an inevitable part of laser therapy, therefore managing them is crucial for every laser practitioner to ensure patients’ safety along with achieving the best results. The available references describe the effectiveness of the diode LHR for all skin types according to the Fitzpatrick scale, but the question of patient safety and minimization of side effects and postoperative complications in mixed-race patients remains unanswered. This study aims to illustrate aspects of specific side effects in patients of mixed ethnicity and the impact of those effects on the results of the treatment. Methods: The study was conducted in Poland and the United Kingdom on 216 patients of various ethnic backgrounds. This study analyses the frequency of side effects in a mixed-race group of 32 participants, taking into account their skin type according to the Fitzpatrick scale. The patients received a course of 6 treatments using diode laser 805 nm. An objective and a subjective method were used to analyse treatment results and side effects, with adverse effects documented, if observed. Treatment settings were adjusted to skin reaction during the patch test. Results: Objective analysis was different from the subjective analysis of the treatment’s effectiveness. No adverse effects were observed. Side effects such as hyperpigmentation, skin irritation, skin burns, and skin hypersensitivity were found. Conclusion: 805 nm diode laser is effective and efficient at hair removal in mixed-race patients. It is a safe treatment in terms of skin reaction as only short-term side effects were observed in the treated area and no adverse effects were noted. To achieve the best results and to avoid adverse effects it is necessary to adjust treatment settings according to the individual patient’s skin reaction.

Amended Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Cocamide DEA

1996 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 527-542 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Expert Panel ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Surfactant Solution ◽  
Nitroso Compounds ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Test Substance ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
Patch Tests ◽  
Skin Irritation Test

Cocamide DEA is a mixture of ethanolamides of Coconut Acid that is used as a surfactant-foam booster and viscosity-increasing agent-aqueous in cosmetic products. Production formulation data submitted to the Food and Drug Administration in 1994 indicated that this ingredient was used in 745 products. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel had previously evaluated the safety of Cocamide DEA, Lauramide DEA, Linoleamide DEA, and Oleamide DEA in cosmetics and concluded that they were safe as cosmetic ingredients at the concentrations that were currently being used (50%). CIR's decision to reevaluate the safety of Cocamide DEA in cosmetics is based on occupational studies indicating that this ingredient may have sensitization potential; however, the Expert Panel has determined that these studies are not relevant to cosmetic use. Furthermore, the Panel agreed that its original conclusion on Cocamide DEA should be clarified relative to use of this ingredient in rinse-off and leave-on products. Clarification of the original conclusion is based on the results of a skin irritation test in which 15 volunteers were tested with a surfactant solution containing 10% Cocamide DEA, the highest concentration tested in predictive patch tests. Additional comments that were made during the Panel's review of other data in the present report include that the severe ocular irritation reactions induced by a chemical (p H 9–10.5) containing >64% Cocamide DEA were likely a result of p H; that the renal effects noted in Fischer 344 rats in the National Toxicology Program (NTP) subchronic dermal toxicity study may be species-related and not test substance-related; and with reference to an ongoing NTP two-year chronic study that was initiated in 1993, that the results will be reviewed when the study is available. On the basis of the animal and clinical data presented in the present report, the Expert Panel concluded that Cocamide DEA is safe as used in rinse-off products and safe at concentrations 10% in leave-on cosmetic products. It was also concluded that Cocamide DEA should not be used as an ingredient in cosmetic products in which N-nitroso compounds are formed.

scholarly journals Pre-validation of an in vitro skin irritation test for medical devices using the reconstructed human tissue model EpiDerm™

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 407-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Kandarova ◽  
Jamin A. Willoughby ◽  
Wim H. De Jong ◽  
Silvia Letasiova ◽  
Tatiana Milasova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Devices ◽  
Human Tissue ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Tissue Model ◽  
Irritation Test ◽  
Skin Irritation Test

Effect of Journal Misalignment on the Oil Film Pressure and Temperature Distribution of 3-Lobe Offset Journal Bearing

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Strzelecki ◽  
Z. Towarek
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Journal Bearing ◽  
Journal Bearings ◽  
Good Stability ◽  
Rotating Machines ◽  
Film Pressure ◽  
Bearing Design ◽  
Journal Misalignment ◽  
Oil Film Pressure

The design of turbines and compressors operating at the high rotational speeds applies the 3-lobe journal bearings. In many cases the classic 3-lobe journal bearings supporting the rotors, are showing the problem of rotor stability. This problem can be avoided by the application of 3-lobe Offset bearings. This type of bearing fulfils the conditions of reliable bearing design and good stability in the case of high speed rotating machines.

scholarly journals Development of Lidocaine-Loaded Dissolving Microneedle for Rapid and Efficient Local Anesthesia

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1067
Author(s):  
Huisuk Yang ◽  
Geonwoo Kang ◽  
Mingyu Jang ◽  
Daniel Junmin Um ◽  
Jiwoo Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Local Anesthesia ◽  
Local Anesthetic ◽  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Fast Onset ◽  
Limit Test ◽  
Skin Irritation Test ◽  
Administration Methods

Lidocaine is a local anesthetic agent used in the form of injection and topical cream. However, these formulation types have limitations of being either painful or slow-acting, thereby hindering effective and complete clinical performance of lidocaine. Dissolving microneedles (DMNs) are used to overcome these limitations owing to their fast onset time and minimally invasive administration methods. Using hyaluronic acid and lidocaine to produce the drug solution, a lidocaine HCl encapsulated DMN (Li-DMN) was fabricated by centrifugal lithography. The drug delivery rate and local anesthetic quality of Li-DMNs were evaluated using the pig cadaver insertion test and Von Frey behavior test. Results showed that Li-DMNs could deliver sufficient lidocaine for anesthesia that is required to be utilized for clinical level. Results from the von Frey test showed that the anesthetic effect of Li-DMNs was observed within 10 min after administration, thus confirming fast onset time. A toxicity test for appropriate clinical application standard was conducted with a microbial limit test and an animal skin irritation test, showing absence of skin irritation and irritation-related microorganisms. Overall, Li-DMN is a possible alternative drug delivery method for local anesthesia, meeting the requirements for clinical conditions and overcoming the drawbacks of other conventional lidocaine administration methods.

scholarly journals Preparation, Characterization, and In Vitro Evaluation of Resveratrol-Loaded Cellulose Aerogel

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1624
Author(s):  
Lili Qin ◽  
Xinyu Zhao ◽  
Yiwei He ◽  
Hongqiang Wang ◽  
Hanjing Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Phosphate Buffer Solution ◽  
Gastric Fluid ◽  
Simulated Gastric Fluid ◽  
Oxidized Cellulose ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Aggregation State ◽  
Cellulose Aerogel

Resveratrol is a natural active ingredient found in plants, which is a polyphenolic compound and has a variety of pharmaceutical uses. Resveratrol-loaded TEMPO-oxidized cellulose aerogel (RLTA) was prepared using a freeze-drying method, employing high speed homogenization followed by rapid freezing with liquid nitrogen. RLTAs were designed at varying drug–cellulose aerogel ratios (1:2, 2:3, 3:2, and 2:1). It could be seen via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) that Res integrated into TEMPO-oxidized cellulose (TC) at different ratios, which changed its aggregation state and turned it into a short rod-like structure. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra confirmed that the RLTAs had the characteristic peaks of TC and Res. In addition, X-ray diffraction (XRD) demonstrated that the grain size of RLTA was obviously smaller than that of pure Res. RLTAs also had excellent stability in both simulated gastric fluid and phosphate buffer solution. The drug release rate was initially completed within 5 h under a loading rate of 30.7 wt%. The results of an MTT assay showed the low toxicity and good biocompatibility of the RLTAs. TC aerogel could be a promising drug carrier that may be widely used in designing and preparing novel biomedicine.

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