scholarly journals Application of Binomial Models on the Determinants of Hypertension Patients in Haramaya Woreda, Eastern Hararghe, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kindu Kebede ◽  
Murad Mohammed ◽  
Million Wesenu
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Congestive Heart Failure ◽  
Binomial Model ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Level Of Significance

Abstract Introduction: Hypertension is along with a medical condition, in which the blood pressure in the arteries is high, which is a major health problem in the community. The main aim of the study was to assess the determinants associated with patients who experienced hypertension in Haramaya Woreda using a binomial model. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was conducted to assess the associated factors of hypertension patients’ complications in the Haramaya Hospital, Eastern Hararghe zone from December 1st to 30th, 2020. Data were statistically analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version-23 (SPSS Inc., USA). A sample of 1417 respondents having hypertension chronic disease was included. Statistical tools such as descriptive statistics, chi-square test of association, and binomial regression were used to summarize and interpret the hypertension patients’ dataset and a 5% level of significance was also used as a baseline comparison. Results: Both chi-square test of association and binomial model revealed that age group, gender, residence, presence of diabetes mellitus and congestive heart failure were significantly associated with hypertension patients at a 5% level of significance. Multivariable binomial regression model indicated that an estimated odd ratio(OR) with 95% confidence interval were age group of 21-30year3.502(95%CI=1.310-9.361),31-40year6.108(95%CI=2.364-15.782),41-50year 11.070(95%CI=4.276-28.661), 51-60 year 12.530(95% CI=4.890-32.107) and greater than 60 years 12.713(95%CI=4.827-33.482), being male (OR=1.859; 95%CI=1.320-2.617), living in rural (OR=0.545. 95%CI=0.381-0.778).The presence of diabetes mellitus (OR=0.028, 95%CI=0.019-0.040), and congestive heart failure (OR=0.017, 95%CI=0.009-0.032) are associated risk factors of hypertension patients. Conclusions: The main hypertension risk factors were age category, gender, residence, having diabetes mellitus, and congestive heart failure (p=0.0001). Those were significantly associated with hypertension in both the chi-square test of association and binomial model. To predict the participants being a hypertensive binomial model with logit link function best fit the dataset.

scholarly journals Clinical features of dengue hemorrhagic fever and risk factors of shock event

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rismala Dewi ◽  
Alan Roland Tumbelaka ◽  
Damayanti Rusli Sjarif
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Platelet Count ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Logistic Regression Method ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Level Of Significance

Background Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) can lead to highmorbidity and mortality. Its clinical features vary from time to time.Many studies were performed to determine the risk factors of se-vere dengue infection.Objective To find out clinical features and risk factors for predict-ing the likelihood of shock in DHF.Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted in all con-firmed DHF children who were hospitalized at the Department ofChild Health, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital within the period ofJanuary 1, 2003 until June 30, 2004. Risk factors for developmentof shock were analyzed using chi-square test and multiple logisticregressions with a level of significance of <0.05.Results A total of 101 patients, consisted of 47 males and 54females were enrolled in this study. Mean age was 6.5 (SD 3.6)years, ranged from 5 months to 15 years. About 31.7% patientshad grade III DHF, 30.7% grade II, and 26.7% grade IV (including1 patient with encephalopathy). Shock was more frequent amongpatients aged between 6-10 years, female, under-nourished, bodytemperature <38°C, hematocrit level 46-50 vol%, and platelet count<20 000/ml. During year 2003-2004, there was increased numberof patients who developed shock. Based on univariate analysis,hepatomegaly, high hematocrit value, and thrombocytopenia wereconsidered significantly different. Among those variables analyzedwith multiple logistic regression method, only hepatomegaly andthrombocytopenia were identified as predictors of shock.Conclusion There was an alteration on clinical features of DHFin our hospital in 2003-2004 period compared to the previous years.Hepatomegaly and platelet count <50 000/ml are independent riskfactors of shock among DHF patients

ASSESSING RISK FACTORS OF MALARIA IN LAKHIMPUR DISTRICT OF ASSAM

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-17
Author(s):  
Naba Jyoti Saikia ◽  
Anoop Dev
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Malaria Incidence ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Host Factors ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test

Malaria is a life-threatening parasitic disease transmitted from person to person through the bite of a female Anopheles mosquito. The transmission of malaria can be determined by climatic and host factors. The objective of this paper is to trace the host factors of malaria incidence and also to determine the relationship between climatic factors and malaria incidence in Lakhimpur district of Assam. In order to examine the association between monthly malaria incidence rates and climatic variables, Pearson correlation analysis has been used. Also, Chi-square test for independence of attributes is performed to trace the host factors of malaria incidence. A uctuating trend was observed for reported malaria cases during the years 2000-2011. Both positive and negative correlation have occurred between climatic variable and MIR. Also, we have observed that male is more affected by malaria incidence than female. Among the age groups, the age group 15-39 years was found most affected age group than other age groups. After Chi-square test for independence of attributes we reveal that malaria depends on sex and age. SUMMARY: From our study, we suggest that even if the climatic factors play a primary role for transmission of malaria, sex and age are other important risk factors in characterizing malaria incidence in the district.

Risk Factors for Clinically Diagnosed Alzheimer's Disease: A Case-Control Study of a Greek Population

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magda Tsolaki ◽  
Konstantinos Fountoulakis ◽  
Elen Chantzi ◽  
Aristides Kazis
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Family History ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

Many efforts have been made to trace the causes of Alzheimer's disease (AD). There are, however, many points of controversy among reports from the same country as well as among reports from different countries. The current study is a case-control study to determine the risk factors in the development of AD in Greece. Sixty-five patients with AD and 69 age-matched controls were examined. All patients with AD fulfilled the DSM-IV criteria for AD and NINCDS-ADRDA criteria for probable AD. Demographic characteristics such as gender, current marital status, who he/she is living with, education, main place of residence in childhood, adulthood, and late life, occupational hazards, patient's medical history (history of diabetes mellitus and hypertension), life habits like alcohol consumption and smoking, and a history of head trauma, heart attack, stroke, parkinsonism, or depression were collected from the subject or from an informant. A family history of selected diseases (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dementia, Parkinson's disease, Down's syndrome, stroke) was also elicited. Ages of father and mother at birth were also recorded. Chi-square test, Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance, cluster analysis, and logistic regression analysis were used for statistical analysis. The results (chi-square test) showed a statistically significant difference between patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type and controls as far as marital status (p = .04), the subject's history of major depressive episode (p = .02), and family history of dementia (p = .002) were concerned. Logistic regression analysis results produced a complex model of family aggregation of dementia, with patients with a history of depression and family history of dementia having an up to seven times higher risk of developing AD. These findings, especially a family history of dementia, are consistent with most of the literature.

scholarly journals Congestive Heart Failure Patients’ Pulse Rate Progression and Time to Death at Debre Tabor Referral Hospital, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Alebachew Taye Belay ◽  
Denekew Bitew Belay ◽  
Shewayiref Geremew Gebremichael ◽  
Setegn Bayabil Agegn
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Congestive Heart Failure ◽  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Time To Death ◽  
Heart Failure Patients ◽  
Subject Specific ◽  
Debre Tabor

Background. Heart failure is a progressive condition marked by worsening symptoms such as shortness of breath, coughing, exhaustion and lethargy, fluid retention with swelling of the legs and abdomen, and a reduced ability to exercise. As a result, this study aims to use a joint model application to determine the joint risk factors of longitudinal change in pulse rate and time to death of congestive heart failure patients and their association admitted to a hospital. Methods. A retrospective study was undertaken on congestive heart failure patients admitted to the Debre Tabor Referral Hospital from January 2016 to December 2019. A statistical joint modeling strategy was employed to match the repeated biomarker pulse rate and a survival outcome at the same time. A total of 271 patients with congestive heart failure were chosen. Data were analyzed with R statistical software via joineRML. Results. According to the findings, the association between longitudinal changes in pulse rate and time to death in heart failure patients is statistically significant. Sex, residence, left ventricular injection fraction, New York Heart Association class, and diabetes mellitus were all found to be significant risk factors for congestive heart failure patients’ short survival time to death. Age, sex, residence, hypertension, left ventricular injection fraction, congestive heart failure, diabetes mellitus, tuberculosis, and etiology were all significant contributors in pulse rate progression. Conclusion. The computed association parameters revealed subject-specific values. The subject-specific linear time slope of PR measurement was positively related to the hazard rate of time to death of CHF patients in the study area. To reduce the risk level of CHF, health professionals, governmental organizations, and nongovernmental organizations must promote and allocate a suitable amount of budget for the treatment of CHF patients.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus Among Complete Denture Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL3) ◽  
pp. 1264-1270
Author(s):  
Shreya Kothari ◽  
Rakshagan ◽  
Balaji Ganesh
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Complete Denture ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
History Of ◽  
Edentulous Patients ◽  
Prevalence Of Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
University Setting

Diabetes Mellitus is one of the most common metabolic disorders with 1.82 times greater risk in edentulous patients than dentate patients. It is associated with complications like neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy, cardiovascular problems and periodontitis. They complain of burning sensation of the mouth and multiple ulcerations in the mouth. All these problems contribute to the failure of retention of complete denture. The aim of the study is to find the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in complete denture patients. Case records of 89,000 patients who visited the hospital between June 2019- April 2020 were retrieved and reviewed. This university setting study involved 351 complete denture patients. Data was tabulated with parameters - name, age, gender, medical history of diabetes or with other systemic diseases. Data was imported to SPSS for statistical analysis. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were done. 26.5% of the complete denture patients had diabetes mellitus. Males were found to be slightly more prevalent than females. The most common age group affected was 60-75 years age group. Chi-square test showed no significance between age or gender with diagnosis of diabetes. ( p-value &gt;0.05). Diabetes mellitus is associated directly with edentulism with 26.5% of prevalence with this disease. The most common age group prevalent was in the age group of 60-75 years and commonly seen in males.

Risk Factors for Intubation Injury of the Larynx

1987 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 684-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Volpi ◽  
Daniel B. Kuriloff ◽  
Pi-Tang Lin ◽  
Charles P. Kimmelman
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Congestive Heart Failure ◽  
Endotracheal Intubation ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Intubation Technique ◽  
Laryngeal Injury ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tube Geometry

The endolaryngeal structures are subjected to insult from prolonged endotracheal intubation. Factors that may exacerbate this injury include intubation technique, duration of intubation, tube geometry and constitution, frequency of reintubation, and patient-related factors such as concomitant medical diseases. The contribution of underlying medical disease to laryngeal intubation injury was studied prospectively by sequential endoscopy from the time of tracheotomy. Diabetes mellitus, congestive heart failure, and a history of stroke or tuberculosis increased the likelihood of severe laryngeal injury. The association of these disorders with severe laryngeal injury should lead to consideration of earlier tracheotomy in such patients.

scholarly journals Sex, Knowledge, and Attitude of Stroke Survivors Attending Bebe Herbal Center on Risk Factors before and after Stroke

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Polycarp U. Nwoha ◽  
Florence O. Okoro ◽  
Emmanuel C. Nwoha ◽  
Fidelia N. Chukwu ◽  
Chidinma O. Nwoha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Chi Square Test

Objective. The objective of this study was to investigate the extent stroke survivors who attended an herbal center knew of stroke risk factors and whether significant sex differences existed. Study Design. This was a cross-sectional study conducted from January to June 2018 at Bebe Herbal Center, and it involved two well-trained assistants who interviewed 149 first-time stroke survivors after consent and ethical approval were obtained. The survivors self-reported their knowledge, attitude, and beliefs on risk factors before and after stroke. Statistical Analyses. Means of continuous variables were compared using Student’s unpaired t -test, while categorical variables between males and the females were analyzed using Pearson’s chi-square test. P < 0.05 was taken as significant. Results. Mean age of men ( 64.81 ± 1.24   yrs ) was significantly higher than that of women ( 61.39 ± 1.42   yrs ) ( F = 0.096 , t = 1.79 , df = 147 ; P < 0.05 ). More men than women were 60 years and above while more women than men were below 60 years. Pearson’s chi-square test showed significant association of sex with education ( χ 2 = 12.31 ; df = 3 , P < 0.006 ), occupation ( χ 2 = 23.65 ; df = 4 , P < 0.001 ), alcohol intake ( χ 2 = 24.23 ; df = 1 ; P < 0.001 ), and smoking ( χ 2 = 9.823 ; df = 1 ; P < 0.001 ). The commonest risk factor suffered was hypertension (73.1%), followed by alcohol intake (59.1%), smoking (31.5%), and diabetes mellitus (26.7%); these affected men more than women. Male survivors unaware of their hypertensive status were more likely to have stroke than females, and age had a significant effect on the likelihood of developing a stroke; the same was occupation. Conclusions. These survivors suffered mainly from hypertension, triggered by psychosocial problems and diabetes mellitus; their stroke seemed fueled by unrecognized hypertension, unrecognized diabetes mellitus, ignorance of hyperlipidemia, and wide-scale belief in witchcraft as risk factor. Awareness programs in the third world should take these observations into consideration.

scholarly journals A study on diastolic dysfunction in asymptomatic type 2 diabetes mellitus with normal systolic function

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 890
Author(s):  
M. Ilamaran ◽  
A. Thangadhurai ◽  
P. Suresh Kumar ◽  
Saranya Nagalingam
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diastolic Dysfunction ◽  
Diastolic Heart Failure ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background: Diastolic heart failure, otherwise called as heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, is common finding of hypertensive heart disease, but various studies report a high incidence of diastolic heart failure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in spite of the absence of coronary artery heart disease and hypertension. The objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence of dysfunction of left ventricle in diastole in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and to compare with the non-diabetic individuals with that of asymptomatic type II diabetes patients. To assess the correlation of diastolic dysfunction in diabetes with age of patients, HbA1c levels, duration of diabetes, retinopathy, autonomic neuropathy.Methods: A prospective cross sectional among them 50 patients were diabetics and 50 were non-diabetic controls. Diastolic dysfunction was measured with standard echocardiographic parameters and the results were computed with corresponding variables of the patients. All the variables and their data were analysed for percentage, mean, standard deviation ‘t’ test and chi square test. The ‘t’-test was used to study the quantitative data while chi square test was used to study the qualitative data.Results: Among the study population 60% had diastolic dysfunction and 14% had diastolic dysfunction among cases and control group respectively. Diastolic dysfunction was present among 23.3% and the 76.7% of the age group groups of less than 45 and more than 45 years of age respectively. In this study poor glycaemic status was significantly associated with diastolic dysfunction, whereas duration of diabetes, retinopathy and autonomic neuropathy were not statistically significant.Conclusions: Present study reveals moderately high incidence of diastolic dysfunction in asymptomatic diabetic; subjects and, this finding was correlated with the HBA1C levels but not with retinopathy and autonomic neuropathy.

scholarly journals Faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap kejadian presbikusis di rumah sakit Dr Kariadi Semarang

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melinda M ◽  
Muyassaroh M ◽  
Zulfikar Z
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Diabetes Melitus

Background: Age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, and smoking could be expected to affect the incidence of presbycusis. There is no data on risk factors of presbycusis in Dr. Kariadi Hospital Semarang. Purpose: To analyze how age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus. hypercholesterolemia, and smoking affect the incidence of presbycusis in Dr. Kariadi Hospital Semarang. Methods: Analytic case-control study on 90 elderly subjects in Geriatry clinic, Kariadi Hospital Semarang from April to June 2011. Basic data and risk factors were taken from medical records. Otoscopy examination performed followed by audiometry and timpanometry tests. Presbycusis was determined if the timpanogram was type-A and the audiogram symmetric bilateral SNHL. Statistical analysis by Chi square test, OR and logistic regression. Results: Obtained 45 subjects presbycusis (+) and 45 subjects presbycusis (-), most presbycusis subjects were in the age <75 years, which were 29 (32.2%). Age found affected the incidence of presbycusis (p = 0.030, OR = 2.995, CI = 1.090 to 8.233), hypertension found affected the incidence of presbycusis (p = 0.018, OR = 2.813, CI = 1.177 to 6.721). Diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, and smoking habits found had no effect on the incidence of presbycusis. Conclusion: Age and hypertension alone or combined were found to affect the incidence of presbycusis. Diabetes mellitus,  hypercholesterolemia, and smoking were not affecting the incidence of presbycusis. Key words: Presbycusis, risk factors, elderly patients, hypertension.   Abstrak :  Latar belakang: Faktor risiko usia, hipertensi, diabetes melitus, hiperkolesterol dan kebiasaan merokok diduga dapat berpengaruh terhadap kejadian presbikusis. Belum terdapat data mengenai faktor risiko presbikusis di RSUP Dr.Kariadi, Semarang. Tujuan: menganalisis bagaimana pengaruh faktor usia, hipertensi, diabetes melitus (DM), hiperkolesterol, dan kebiasaan merokok terhadap kejadian presbikusis di RSUP DR. Kariadi Semarang. Metode: Penelitian analitik pada 45 kasus dan 45 kontrol pada subyek usia lanjut di klinik Geritatri RSUP Dr. Kariadi, Semarang pada periode April-Juni 2011. Data dasar  dan faktor risiko diambil dari rekam medik. Dilakukan pemeriksaan otoskopi dan audiotimpanometri.  Presbikusis bila gambaran timpanogram tipe A dan audiogram kurang pendengaran sensorineural simetris bilateral. Analisis statistik dilakukan dengan Uji Chi square, OR dan regresi logistik. Hasil: Didapatkan 45 subyek presbikusis(+) dan 45 subyek presbikusis(-), usia terbanyak yang menderita presbikusis <75 tahun sebanyak 29 (32,2%). Usia berpengaruh terhadap kejadian presbikusis (p=0,030, OR=2,995, CI=1,090–8,233), hipertensi berpengaruh terhadap kejadian presbikusis (p=0,018, OR=2,813, CI=1,177– 6,721). Diabetes melitus, hiperkolesterol, dan kebiasaan merokok tidak berpengaruh terhadap kejadian presbikusis. Kesimpulan: Usia, hipertensi secara sendiri sendiri atau bersama-sama berpengaruh terhadap kejadian presbikusis. Diabetes mellitus, hiperkolesterol, dan kebiasaan merokok tidak berpengaruh  terhadap kejadian presbikusis. Kata kunci : Presbikusis, faktor risiko, usia lanjut, hipertensi.

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