scholarly journals Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of canine Leishmania infantum infection in selected towns of Southwest and West Shewa Zones of Oromia, Ethiopia

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Endrias Zewdu Gebremedhin ◽  
Weraka Weya ◽  
Chala Dima ◽  
Demeke Zewde ◽  
Vincenzo Di Marco Lo Presti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Background Canine Leishmania infantum infection is a major vector-borne zoonosis. Most cases of canine leishmanias are caused by Leishmania infantum, but other species can also be found. In the Old and New Worlds, leishmaniasis is spread by the bite of phlebotomine female sandflies of the genera Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia respectively. The objectives of the study were to estimate the seroprevalence and associated risk factors in Weliso, Ambo, and Ejaji towns of South-West and West Shewa Zones, Oromia, Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2019 to September 2020. The study population consists of dogs found in the study towns. The study subjects include 368 dogs selected by using a simple random sampling method. A blood sample (5 ml) was collected to test for the presence of rK39 antigen inducing specific antibodies using an Indirect ELISA kit. All the data were analyzed using the STATA version 14 software program. Pearson’s Chi-square and logistic regression tests were used to evaluate the association between the seropositivity of canine Leishmania infantums and hypothesized risk factors. Results An overall canine Leishmania infantum seroprevalence of 84.24% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 80 - 88%) was obtained. In Weliso, Ambo, and Ejaji towns canine Leishmania infantum seroprevalence of 79.82% (95% CI: 71- 87%), 76.11% (95% CI: 67- 84%), and 93.84% (95% CI:89 – 97%) were found respectively. Univariable logistic regression analysis showed that town (P=0.001), season (P=0.001), mixed living environment (P=0.003), and Kebele (P<0.05) were significantly associated with Leishmania infantum seropositivity. However, the multivariable analysis indicated that wet season (P = 0.001) and a mixed living environment (P = 0.025) were independent predictors of canine Leishmania infantum seropositivity. Conclusion The seroprevalence of canine Leishmania infantum in dogs was very high. Wet season and mixed living environment are predictors of seropositivity. The high percentage of seropositive dogs indicates the potential role of dogs to maintain the infection and the possible spread of L. infantum infection to humans. Therefore, improvement of the living environment and health care facilities of domesticated dogs, community awareness and health education, and further epidemiological studies are suggested.

scholarly journals Effect of the Living Environment on falls among the Elderly in Urmia

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 2233-2238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Saeed Mazloomy Mahmoodabad ◽  
Moradali Zareipour ◽  
Mohsen Askarishahi ◽  
Alireza Beigomi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Living Room ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional

BACKGROUND: The living environment has an impact on the health of the elderly, and the safety of the house is one of the concerns of the elderly. Disregarding the safety concerns increases the falling. AIM: This research was conducted with the aim of influencing the living environment on falls among elderly people in Urmia city. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional (descriptive-analytic) study which 200 elderly people were selected by random cluster sampling. Data were collected by using a two-part questionnaire including demographic information, and home safety assessment checklist. Data were analysed by using chi-square test and logistic regression in SPSS v. 21 software. RESULTS: The incidence of falling in the elderly was 30%. There was a significant statistical association with age, sex, marital status and history of chronic disease. Results of logistic regression showed non-safe stairs (OR = 1.1, p = 0.002), unsafe toilet/bath (OR = 1.3, p = 0.001), unsafe bedrooms (OR = 1.7, p = 0.05) unsafe living room (OR = 1.4, p = 0.02) increase the falls in the elderly, as well as male gender (OR = 1.14, p < 0.001) and living with other people (OR = 0.19, p = 0.002) reduce the falls in the elderly. CONCLUSION: By identifying the risk factors of the physical space of the home, we can plan for implementing necessary interventions according to the risk factor or risk factors to prevent and reduce the falls in the elderly community.

Risk Factors of Noised Induced Hearing Loss in Workers at Beveling Unit in Industry X, Bekasi, West Java

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annisaur Rohmatun Jannah ◽  
◽  
Aulia Chairani ◽  
Yanti Harjono ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Noise Induced Hearing Loss ◽  
Length Of Service ◽  
West Java ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional

ABSTRACT Background: Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) still remains a problem in developed countries Noise induced hearing loss is one of most common hearing deficit which is almost completely preventable. The hearing loss incurred would depend on the sound qualities, duration of exposure and individual susceptibility and protection. This study aimed to determine risk factors of noised induced hearing loss in workers at bevelling unit in industry x, Bekasi, West Java. Subjects and Method: This was a cross sectional. A sample of 27 respondents was selected using simple random sampling. The dependent variable was hearing loss. The independent variables were factors related to the onset of hearing loss. The data were collected by questionnaire and tuner check. This data were analysed by chi square. Results: Noise intensity (OR= 67.50; 95% CI 5.33 to 854.76; p< 0.001), length of service (OR= 12.25; 95% CI 1.79 to 83.95; p= 0.011), and noisy living environment (OR= 5.87; 95% CI 1.09 to 32.00; p= 0.034) has a relationship with hearing loss. Conclusion: Companies can carry out K3 enhancement and monitoring, carry out periodic scanning or audiometric checks, and create hearing conservation programs and timing or working duration in areas exposed to noise. Keywords: Hearing Loss, Noise, Manufacturing Workers Correspondence: Aulia Chairani. Department of Public Health, FK UPN “Veteran” Jakarta. [email protected],id/ [email protected] DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.22

Seroepidemiology ofToxoplasma gondiiinfection in free-range chickens (Gallus domesticus) of Central Ethiopia

2014 ◽  
Vol 143 (3) ◽  
pp. 608-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Z. GEBREMEDHIN ◽  
G. TESFAMARYAM ◽  
H. A. YUNUS ◽  
R. DUGUMA ◽  
G. TILAHUN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Central Ethiopia ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Modified Agglutination Test ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression

SUMMARYWe performed a seroepidemiological study ofToxoplasma gondiiinfection in free-range chickens from October 2012 to May 2013. We used cross-sectional two-stage cluster sampling to collect blood samples from wing veins of 601 chickens from central Ethiopia.T. gondii-specific antibodies were assayed by modified agglutination test (MAT). We collected information about risk factors by questionnaire and used univariable and multivariable logistic regression to assess risk factors. An overall seroprevalence of 30·5% [95% confidence interval (CI) 26·27–34·14] and 54·2% (95% CI 47·06–61·36) was found at animal- and flock-level, respectively. The MAT end titre of seropositive chickens (n = 183) were 1 : 60 in 46, 1 : 180 in 28, 1 : 540 in 29, ⩾1 : 1620 in 48, 1 : 6000 in 22, 1 : 18 000 in five, 1 : 54 000 in one, and ⩾1 : 162 000 in four. Animal-level risk factors identified using multivariable logistic regression model were: midland altitude [odds ratio (OR) 2·53, 95% CI 1·12–5·72], cross and exotic breeds (OR 3·17, 95% CI 1·39–7·23), increased age of chickens (OR 2·32, 95% CI 1·19–4·49), extensive management (OR 6·92, 95% CI 1·34–35·86) and the presence of cats (OR 2·08, 95% CI 1·20–3·61). Similarly, flock-level risk factors were midland altitude (OR 3·62, 95% CI 1·31–9·99) and the presence of cats (OR 1·19–4·94). The knowledge of the local people about the health risk of cats to humans and animals is poor. Housing and management of cats and chickens are also poor. The widespread presence ofT. gondiiinfection in free-range chickens of Central Ethiopia provides suggestive evidence for the high level of contamination of the living environment of people withT. gondiioocysts. Meat from free-range chickens might be an important source of infection for humans. Altitude, breed, age, management and presence of cats are independent predictors of seropositivity. Education of farmers about toxoplasmosis and further studies to elucidate the burden of toxoplasmosis in animals and humans warrants consideration.

scholarly journals Prevalence of liver fibrosis and associated risk factors in the Korean general population: a retrospective cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. e046529
Author(s):  
Eun-Hee Nah ◽  
Seon Cho ◽  
Suyoung Kim ◽  
Jieun Chu ◽  
Eunjoo Kwon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
General Population ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Abnormal Liver Function Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Advanced Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

ObjectivesThe health burden of chronic liver disease is increasing worldwide. Its main histological consequence is liver fibrosis, and eventually cirrhosis. This process is rarely diagnosed at the pre-cirrhotic stage due to it being asymptomatic. Little is known about the prevalence of liver fibrosis and associated risk factors in the general population. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence and distribution of liver fibrosis using magnetic resonance elastography (MRE), as well as the risk factors associated with liver fibrosis in the asymptomatic general population.Design, setting and participantsThis cross-sectional retrospective study consecutively selected subjects who underwent health check-ups including MRE at 13 health promotion centres in Korea between 2018 and 2020. Liver fibrosis was estimated using MRE with cut-off values for significant and advanced liver fibrosis of 2.90 and 3.60 kPa, respectively.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe Χ2 test was used to compare the prevalence of liver fibrosis according to sex and age groups. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the factors for significant and advanced liver fibrosis.ResultsAmong the 8183 subjects, 778 (9.5%) had ≥significant fibrosis (≥2.9 kPa), which included 214 (2.6%) subjects with ≥advanced fibrosis (≥3.6 kPa). Multivariable analysis revealed that liver fibrosis was associated with age (OR=1.34, 95% CI=1.18 to 1.51), male sex (OR=3.18, 95% CI=1.97 to 5.13), diabetes (OR=2.43, 95% CI=1.8 to 3.28), HBsAg positivity (OR=3.49, 95% CI=2.55 to 4.79), abnormal liver function test (OR=1.9, 95% CI=1.49 to 2.42) and obesity (OR=1.77, 95% CI=1.35 to 2.32) (all p<0.001), as well as metabolic syndrome (OR=1.4, 95% CI=1.05 to 1.87) (p=0.024).ConclusionsThe prevalence of significant or more liver fibrosis was high in the Korean general population and much higher among individuals with risk factors. This suggests that screening of liver fibrosis should be considered in general population, especially among high-risk groups.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors of Bovine Tuberculosis in Cattle in Mymensingh Sadar

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAH Mondal ◽  
MS Parvin ◽  
SC Sarker ◽  
AKMA Rahman ◽  
MT Islam
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a disease of zoonotic importance as well as high priority all over the world. Risk factors for bovine tuberculosis in cattle are not well investigated in Bangladesh. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify the associated risk factors for bTB along with determination of prevalence in cattle of Mymensingh Sadar. A cross-sectional study was carried out to elucidate on 101 cattle from 56 households during January to May 2012. The direct interview using a questionnaire and physical examination of cattle was performed to collect farm and animal level data. Besides data collection, blood samples were collected from study cattle and subjected to immunochromatographic assay (ICGA) by using Anigen Rapid Bovine TB Ab test kit for the diagnosis of bTB. Risk factors analysis was done using bivariable followed by multiple logistic regression with stepwise backward elimination method. The results of the study revealed an overall tuberculosis prevalence of 5.9%. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed significant association of bovine tuberculosis with herd size (more than 4) (Odds Ratio, OR = 5.9, p = 0.03) and history of coughing (OR = 8.9, p = 0.005). The effect of herd size (more than 4) could be minimized by maintaining the cattle in a herd with adequate floor space and better ventilation facilities as it would not be practicable to keep the herd size minimum. Further study should be done to find out more associated risk factors for the occurrence of bTB.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v12i2.21283 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2014). 12 (2): 179-183 

scholarly journals Prevalence of tooth wear and its associated risk factors among industrial workers in Daman, India: a cross-sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 4445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikhil Ahuja ◽  
Nirmal Ahuja
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Tooth Wear ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Industrial Workers ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Maxilla And Mandible ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background: Tooth wear is an ever increasing problem. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of tooth wear and its associated risk factors among industrial workers in Daman, India. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted among 613 industrial workers selected using simple random sampling. The clinical assessment of tooth wear was done using tooth wear index (TWI) developed by Smith & Knight. A specifically designed questionnaire was used to seek information on risk factors of tooth wear. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s chi-square test, ANOVA and a multiple logistic regression model. Results: The overall prevalence of tooth wear was found to be greater in mandible (86.8%) as compared to maxilla (61.7%). In both maxilla and mandible, the most frequently affected teeth were incisors (55.8% and 83.7%) followed by canines (52.2% and 81.2%), pre molars (38.5% and 42.1%) and molars (37.8% and 38.8%). Among the risk factors, consumption of hard or acidic foods (p=0.01, OR=1.73) and use of hard toothbrush bristles (p=0.04, OR=0.04) in maxilla and clenching or grinding of teeth (p=0.01, OR=3.96) in mandible were significantly associated with tooth wear. However, work environment involving dust or acid gas was the only risk factor associated with tooth wear in both maxilla (p=0.004, OR=0.53) and mandible (p<0.001, OR=0.35). Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of tooth wear among industrial workers. Thus, efforts should be made by dentists to increase awareness about tooth wear and plan a three-level prevention program based on analysis of risk assessment.  

scholarly journals Characterization of Neonatal Infections by Gram-Negative Bacilli and Associated Risk Factors, Havana, Cuba

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-229
Author(s):  
Arlenis Oliva ◽  
Yenisel Carmona ◽  
Elizabeth de La C. López ◽  
Roberto Álvarez ◽  
Meiji Soe Aung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Empirical Therapy ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Neonatal Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prolonged Stay ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Resistance Rates

Infections represent an important problem in neonates because of the high mortality. An increase in neonatal infections has been found in Cuban hospitals in recent years. The aim of this study was to provide evidence on the clinical and microbiological behavior of Gram-negative bacilli that cause neonatal infections in hospitals of Havana, Cuba. It was carried out as a descriptive cross-sectional investigation from September 2017 to July 2018 in The Tropical Medicine Institute “Pedro Kouri” (IPK). Sixty-one Gram-negative bacilli isolated from neonates with infections in six Gyneco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospitals of Havana were analyzed for their species and antimicrobial susceptibility. Late-onset infections were more common than early-onset ones and included urinary tract infection in the community (87%) and sepsis in hospitals (63.3%). Catheter use (47%) and prolonged stay (38%) were the most frequent risk factors. Species of major pathogens were Escherichia coli (47%) and Klebsiella spp. (26%). The isolated Gram-negative bacilli showed high resistance rates to third-generation cephalosporins, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin, while being more susceptible to carbapenems, fosfomycin, colistin and amikacin. The present study revealed the clinical impact of Gram-negative bacilli in neonatology units in hospitals of Havana. Evaluation of antimicrobial susceptibilities to the isolates from neonates is necessary for selection of appropriate empirical therapy and promotion of the rational antibiotic use.

scholarly journals Magnitude of spontaneous preterm birth and its associated factors among preterm birth in NICU wards in Asella Teaching and Referral Hospital, Asella, Oromia, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 030006052110346
Author(s):  
Techane Sisay Tuji ◽  
Addisu Dabi Wake ◽  
Gezahegn Badeg Adere ◽  
Aselefu Beka Wedajo ◽  
Batu Dekeba Obole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Preterm Births ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Spontaneous Preterm Birth ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Objective To assess the prevalence of spontaneous preterm births and to identify the associated risk factors. Methods This single-centre cross-sectional study enrolled women that experienced a preterm birth as registered on the neonatal log-book between 30 December 2019 and 30 December 2020. A pre-tested structured checklist was used to collect data (sociodemographic characteristics; obstetric-related factors; medical history; and pregnancy-related factors). Bivariate logistic regression analyses were applied to identify factors associated with spontaneous preterm birth. A multivariate model identified significant independent risk factors. Results A total of 310 patients participated in the study. The prevalence of spontaneous preterm birth in this population was 67.1% (208 of 310; 95% confidence interval [CI] 61.5, 71.9). Patients without a partner (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.470, 95% CI 1.23, 4.42), patients residing in a rural area (AOR = 2.51, 95% CI 1.123, 5.513) and those with a history of PIH during their current pregnancy (AOR = 0.104, 95% CI 0.053, 0.014) were significantly more likely to have a spontaneous preterm birth. Conclusion The prevalence of spontaneous preterm birth in in this study was high. Healthcare providers and all stakeholders should focus on screening pregnant women at the risk of spontaneous preterm birth.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and associated risk factors in domestic pigs raised from Cuba

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio César Castillo-Cuenca ◽  
Álvaro Martínez-Moreno ◽  
José Manuel Diaz-Cao ◽  
Angel Entrena-García ◽  
Jorge Fraga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Weaning Pigs ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

AbstractA cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and associated risk factors in pigs in the largest pork-producing region in Cuba. Serum samples from 420 pigs, including 210 sows and 210 post-weaning pigs, were tested for antibodies against T. gondii using a commercial indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Anti-T. gondii antibodies were detected in 56 animals (13.3%, 95% CI: 10.1–16.6). A generalized estimating equations model revealed that the risk factors associated with higher seropositivity in pigs were altitude (higher in farm’s location < 250 m above sea level (masl) versus ≥ 250 masl) and age (higher in sows compared to post-weaning pigs). The results indicated that this protozoan parasite is widely distributed on pig farms in the study area, which is a public health concern since the consumption of raw or undercooked pork meat products containing tissue cysts is considered one of the main routes of T. gondii transmission worldwide. Control measures should be implemented to reduce the risk of exposure to T. gondii in pigs in Cuba.

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