Coal Fly Ash liquid on Growth amendments of Eri silkworm and amelioration of horticulture crops

Abstract To enhanced the development and reproduction of Eri silkworm incorporation of Coal Flyash Liquid (CFL) in their natural diet was developed to evaluate the growth and fecundity rate of eri silkworm. energy dispersive analysis of castor leaves treated with CFL at 10% concentration revealed the presence of five major minerals viz., magnesium (Mg), silica (Si), chlorine (Cl), potassium (K) and calcium (Ca). While CFL incorporated castor leaf enhanced the pupation rate, shell weight, cocoon shell ratio, fecundity and egg hatchability of the silkworm. In contrast, pupal weight was increased at lower concentration of CFL with a weight of 2.39 mg. A significant difference was observed in rearing performance of eri silkworm at different concentrations of CFL incorporated castor leaf. Relative growth rate of the eri silkworm was increased to 84% when larvae treated with CFL at 5% concentration. Further, CFL at the concentration of 5% enhanced the seed germination percentage and at the higher concentration of 10% increased the root-shoot ratio, relative water content and vigour index of cucumber. Similar response of increase in studied growth parameters was also observed in radish seedlings when treated with CFL. The physiochemical properties of CFL amended soil (5%) showed that available phosphorous level and potassium level was increased respectively to 9.52% and 53.92% in comparison to control. It could be concluded that minerals present in CFL may be influential and responsible for the growth of eri silkworm and seedling of cucumber and radish.

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Germination and growth of Albizia niopoides (Bentham) Burkart (Fabaceae)

Acta Scientiarum Biological Sciences ◽

10.4025/actascibiolsci.v40i1.39073 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 39073

Author(s):

Caroline Barbeiro ◽

Taysi Pereira Firmino ◽

André Henrique Oler de Novais ◽

Mariza Barion Romagnolo ◽

Lindamir Hernandez Pastorini

Keyword(s):

Deciduous Forest ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Stem Height ◽

Subsequent Growth ◽

Pioneer Plant ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Germination And Growth

Albizia niopoides (Bentham) Burkart, known as farinha seca, is an arboreal, deciduous and pioneer plant that can be found in the semi-deciduous forest in the Paraná basin. The study on the germination and growth of the plant is fundamental for better knowledge about the establishment and regeneration of the species. Aiming to verify the germination of A. niopoides and subsequent growth, green seeds and brown seeds were germinated in a germination chamber and growth parameters were evaluated at 60, 90, and 180 days after transplanting (DAT) in a greenhouse. There was no significant difference in germination percentage between green and brown seeds. However, lower levels of mean germination times and higher levels of germination speed index were observed for brown seeds. At 180 DAT, plants showed higher shoot dry mass, root dry mass, total dry mass, number leaves and height, with no significant difference between 60 and 90 DAT for total dry mass, root dry mass and root length. The values of stem height/diameter and Dickson quality index, associated to the other growth parameters, indicate quality of the seedlings for field planting at 180 DAT.

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Isolation and Identification of Trichoderma Species and Investigating their Seed Treatment Effect on Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Germination

Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova ◽

10.2478/cerce-2018-0024 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 51 (3) ◽

pp. 43-50

Author(s):

M. Ghasemialitappeh ◽

M. Sadravi ◽

A. Mirabadi

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Seed Treatment ◽

Plant Pathogens ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Block Design ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Control Group ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Trichoderma Species ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Trichoderma fungus species are highly populations of fungi in world that they can colonize roots as plant symbiosis. Various types of Trichoderma are free-living fungi that are, generally, saprophytic on the remains of soil. In addition to its role in biological control, this fungus increases plant yield and growth. So far, many studies have been conducted to examine the ability of this agent to reduce biological tensions and biological control of plant pathogens. Thus, this study was conducted to isolate and identify species of Trichoderma fungus from rapeseed fields in Golestan and Qazvin province from Iran, and also to study isolated species on germination percentage and growth parameters of rapeseed seedlings in a randomized complete block design with three replications in vitro. Based on the results, three species of T. harzianum, T. virens, and T. atroviride were identified, which the isolate of T. harzianum Ta19 showed a significant effect on the control group and other treatments in increasing germination percentage, root length and stem; whereas, the seeds treated with the isolate T. atroviride Ta11 showed no significant difference with the control group in spite of the increase in seed germination rate in comparison with the control and other treatments. According to the results, the use of Trichoderma fungus as a seed treatment like other researches on different products is recommended for increasing the growth of rapeseed.

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Porównanie parametrów wzrostowych i przydatności hodowlanej jednorocznych sadzonek buka zwyczajnego (Fagus sylvatica L.)

Acta Silvestria ◽

10.15576/actasilvestria/2020.lvii.47 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol LVII ◽

pp. 47-59

Author(s):

Jacek Banach ◽

◽

Kinga Skrzyszewska ◽

Kinga Blachlińska ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Traits ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

European Beech ◽

Class I ◽

Quality Class ◽

Average Value ◽

Planting Material ◽

Dimensional Classification ◽

Root Shoot Ratio ◽

Significant Difference

The aim of the study was to compare the growth parameters and the indicators of seedlings’ breeding usefulness assessment depending on their quality class, which was determined on the basis of the requirements of the Polish standard PN-R-67025 (1999). The research material consisted of European beech seedlings grown in controlled conditions, which were divided into three quality classes (“class I”, “class II”, and “classless”). The seed lings belonging to individual classes differed significantly in their growth parameters, with the exception of the length of the root system, and the highest values were characteristic of quality class I. The breeding usefulness assessment indicators did not fully confirm this rule. The average value of the Dickson quality index (DQI) indicated that class I seedlings would be the most suitable for planting, but for the sturdiness quotient (SQ) no significant difference was obtained, and the classless seedlings had the best root-shoot ratio (S/R). The obtained results indicate that some classless seedlings can be used for planting in a forest plantation despite the failure to meet the minimum values of growth traits contained in the PN-R-67025 standard used by the State Forests. Our research also suggests that in the assessment of the quality of planting material, as an element complementing the dimensional classification, we can include indicators of breeding suitability (SQ, S/R, and DQI).

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INFLUENCE OF SALINITY ON GROWTH AND ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CONTENT OF CARROT (Daucus carota L.)

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus ◽

10.24326/asphc.2019.6.9 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (6) ◽

pp. 85-96

Author(s):

Safwan Shiyab ◽

Bassam Al-Qarallah ◽

Muhanad Akash

Keyword(s):

Daucus Carota ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Salinity Treatment ◽

Stress Concentrations ◽

Elevated Salinity ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Salinity Levels ◽

Shoot Weight

Carrot production of valuable carotenes, carbohydrate and protein are hindered by elevated salinity levels in many parts of the world. To assess this problem, germination and growth of two carrot cultivars (Daucus carota cvs Jordan and Napoli) were studied in vivo and in vitro under different salt stress concentrations (0, 75, and 150 mM NaCl). Seeds were directly or gradually exposed to these salt concentrations. With elevated salinity levels, significant reductions in growth parameters (dry shoot weight, fresh shoot weight, shoot length, root length, and root number) were observed. Also, significant difference in germination percentage was observed at 150 mM NaCl in both cultivars when compared with control treatment (90% germination percentage in Napoli and 71% in Jordan cultivar). Growth rate, tolerant index, and relative water content (RWC) declined as salinity increased. The 150 mM NaCl salinity treatment significantly reduced the shoot chlorophyll and protein content, but increased carbohydrate content. Lesser impairment by the gradual exposure of seedling to salinity provides an opportunity to study the acquirement of salt tolerance.

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Assessment of Antifungal Efficacy and Release Behavior of Fungicide-Loaded Chitosan-Carrageenan Nanoparticles against Phytopathogenic Fungi

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym14010041 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 41

Author(s):

Ravinder Kumar ◽

Agnieszka Najda ◽

Joginder Singh Duhan ◽

Balvinder Kumar ◽

Prince Chawla ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Parameters ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Alternaria Solani ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽

Release Behavior ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Root Shoot Ratio

Biopolymeric Chitosan-Carrageenan nanocomposites 66.6–231.82 nm in size containing the chemical fungicide mancozeb (nano CSCRG-M) were synthesized following a green chemistry approach. The physicochemical study of nanoparticles (NPs) was accomplished using a particle size analyzer, SEM and FTIR. TEM exhibited clover leaf-shaped nanoparticles (248.23 nm) with mancozeb on the inside and entrapped outside. Differential scanning calorimetry and TGA thermogravimetry exhibited the thermal behaviour of the nanoform. Nano CSCRG-1.5 at 1.5 ppm exhibited 83.1% inhibition against Alternaria solani in an in vitro study and performed as well as mancozeb (84.6%). Complete inhibition was exhibited in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum at 1.0 and 1.5 ppm with the nanoformulation. The in vivo disease control efficacy of mancozeb-loaded nanoparticles against A. solani in pathogenized plants was found to be relatively higher (79.4 ± 1.7) than that of commercial fungicide (76 ± 1.1%) in pot conditions. Nanomancozeb showed superior efficacy for plant growth parameters, such as germination percentage, root–shoot ratio and dry biomass. The nanoformulation showed higher cell viability compared to mancozeb in Vero cell cultures at 0.25 and 0.50 mg/mL in the resazurin assay. CSCRG-0.5 showed slow-release behavior up to 10 h. Thus, these green nano-based approaches may help combat soil and water pollution caused by harmful chemical pesticides.

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Lethal Dose (LD50) Fixation and Sensitivity of Fenugreek (Trigonellafoenum-graecumL.) to Gamma Radiation for Induction of Mutation

Journal of AgriSearch ◽

10.21921/jas.v4i04.10200 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (04) ◽

Author(s):

ANURADHA PATEL ◽

POONAM VERMA ◽

SHARDA CHOUDHARY ◽

ARVIND KUMAR VERMA

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variability ◽

Gamma Rays ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Seedling Survival ◽

Lethal Dose ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Mutation Breeding ◽

Vigour Index ◽

Small Flower ◽

Dose Dependent

Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecumL.) is an annual crop, mainly used as a spiceand leafy vegetable crop in many parts of the world. Classical breeding in fenugreek is restricted due to its low genetic variability and small flower size which hamper manual emasculation and pollination. Mutation breeding is an effective way to enrich genetic variability in crop plants. An experiment was conducted to determine the lethal dose of the physical mutagen gamma rays in fenugreek. The dry seeds of fenugreek were exposed to different doses of gamma rays i.e. 150Gy, 200Gy, 250Gy, 300Gy and 350Gy. These irradiated seeds were sown in the Petri plates with non-irradiated seeds (control). As the dose of gamma rays increased, there was a decrease in germination percentage, seedling survival, root length, shoot length and vigour index. Among five doses of gamma rays, the maximum seed germination was observed at lowest dose 150Gy (93%), followed by 200Gy (83%), 250Gy (76%), 300Gy (76%) and 350Gy (64%). The seedling survival was decreased from 90% (in control) to 56% in 350Gy dose of gamma rays. The gamma rays dose of 150Gy gave stimulatory effect on seedlings growth. The growth parameters were dose dependent, as the dose of gamma rays increased from 200Gy to 350Gy. The gamma rays dose of 350Gy showed 64% seeds germination and 56% of seedlings survival. Therefore, it is concluded that the LD50 dose for fenugreek is close to 350Gy. This information would be highly useful for initiating mutation breeding programme in fenugreek

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Protection of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) seedlings from salinity stress following seed priming with L-methionine and casein hydrolysate

Seed Science Research ◽

10.1017/s0960258520000409 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Keum-Ah Lee ◽

Youngnam Kim ◽

Hossein Alizadeh ◽

David W.M. Leung

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Amino Acids ◽

Salinity Stress ◽

Lolium Multiflorum ◽

Casein Hydrolysate ◽

Seed Priming ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Italian Ryegrass ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Protein Amino Acids

Abstract Seed priming with water (hydropriming or HP) has been shown to be beneficial for seed germination and plant growth. However, there is little information on the effects of seed priming with amino acids and casein hydrolysate (CH) compared with HP, particularly in relation to early post-germinative seedling growth under salinity stress. In this study, Italian ryegrass seeds (Lolium multiflorum L.) were primed with 1 mM of each of the 20 protein amino acids and CH (200 mg l−1) before they were germinated in 0, 60 and 90 mM NaCl in Petri dishes for 4 d in darkness. Germination percentage (GP), radicle length (RL) and peroxidase (POD) activity in the root of 4-d-old Italian ryegrass seedlings were investigated. Generally, when the seeds were germinated in 0, 60 and 90 mM NaCl, there was no significant difference in GP of seeds among various priming treatments, except that a higher GP was observed in seeds of HP treatment compared with the non-primed seeds when incubated in 60 mM NaCl. When incubated in 60 and 90 mM NaCl, seedlings from seeds primed with L-methionine or CH exhibited greater RL (greater protection against salinity stress) and higher root POD activity than those from non-primed and hydro-primed seeds. Under salinity stress, there were higher levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the root of 4-d-old Italian ryegrass seedlings, a marker of oxidative stress, but seed priming with CH was effective in reducing the salinity-triggered increase in MDA content. These results suggest that priming with L-methionine or CH would be better than HP for the protection of seedling root growth under salinity stress and might be associated with enhanced antioxidative defence against salinity-induced oxidative stress.

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Growth and movement of the South African abalone Haliotis midae: A reassessment

Marine and Freshwater Research ◽

10.1071/mf9950583 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 583 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

RJQ Tarr

Keyword(s):

South African ◽

Growth Rates ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Eastern Coast ◽

Island Population ◽

Western Coast ◽

Eastern Cape ◽

The South ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Haliotis Midae

Growth rates of a number of Haliotis midae populations around the South African coast were studied by means of tagging. These populations ranged from the cool waters of the western coast to the more temperate environment of the eastern Cape. Standard von Bertalanffy growth curves were fitted and growth parameters derived. These ranged from 0.19 to 0.25 for K, the average rate at which L∞ is approached, and from 156 to 173 for L∞, the average theoretical maximum length. These indicate far higher growth rates than were previously published for this commercially fished species, and the reasons for this difference are discussed. The expectation that growth rates would be fastest in the warmer eastern Cape waters was not realized, there being no significant difference in growth between the Bird Island population on the eastern coast and the Robben Island population on the western coast. These new growth parameters indicate that H. midae in the commercial fishery grounds is attaining sexual maturity some four years earlier, and the minimum legal size some five years earlier, than previously considered. This has considerable significance for modelling studies presently underway. Movement of a small population of adult H. midae was studied over a three-year period, after which 47% of the original abalone were still present on the study site. Of these, 81.5% still occupied exactly the same position on the rocks. This indicates that H. midae that have located an optimum habitat, and that are not disturbed, tend not to move.

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Impact of Melatonin on Growth and Antioxidant Activity of Cicer arietinum L. Grown under Arsenic Stress

Journal of Ravishankar University (Part-B) ◽

10.52228/jrub.2021-34-1-10 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 69-79

Author(s):

Deepali Nagre ◽

Roseline Xalxo ◽

Vibhuti Chandrakar ◽

S. Keshavkant

Keyword(s):

Cicer Arietinum ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Biomass Accumulation ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Melatonin Treatment ◽

Radicle Growth ◽

Biochemical Processes ◽

Cicer Arietinum L ◽

Arsenic Stress ◽

Physiological And Biochemical

The ability of melatonin to regulate number of physiological and biochemical processes under different environmental stresses has been widely studied in plants. So, this investigation was done to study the protective roles of melatonin on Cicer arietinum L. grown under arsenic stress. Subjecting Cicer arietinum L. seeds to arsenic stress caused significant decreases in germination percentage, radicle growth, biomass accumulation, protein content and activities of antioxidant enzymes. On the other hand, melatonin treatment significantly increased growth parameters and protein quantity via improving antioxidant enzyme systems as compared with their corresponding untreated controls.

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Initial development and gas exchange of Talisia subalbens (Mart.) Radlk. under different shading conditions

Revista Árvore ◽

10.1590/s0100-67622011000100007 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 61-67 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Fernanda Carlota Nery ◽

Hilton Morbeck de Oliveira ◽

Amauri Alves de Alvarenga ◽

Sara Dousseau ◽

Evaristo Mauro de Castro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gas Exchange ◽

Native Species ◽

Cultivated Plants ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Initial Development ◽

Basal Diameter ◽

Shoot Ratio ◽

Root Shoot Ratio ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Different Levels

Ecophysiological studies under semi-controlled conditions in nurseries and greenhouses are essential to enable the use of native species to recover degraded areas and for commercial planting. Talisia subalbens (Mart) Radlk, 'cascudo', is a native fruiting species of the Cerrado on the verge of extinction. The ecophysiological performance of this species was evaluated in nursery conditions under different levels of shading (full sunshine, 30%, 50% and 70%). Initial growth, biomass allocation, gas exchange and chlorophyll content of the plants were analyzed. Full sunshine cultivated plants showed a higher accumulation of total, shoot, and root dry biomass. There was no significant difference in the root/shoot ratio among the treatments. Seedlings cultivated under full sunshine and 30% shading showed higher values for height, basal diameter, and leaf area. Differences in stomata conductance and photosynthesis rate were not observed among the different shading levels. Plants cultivated under 70% of shading had higher contents of chlorophyll a, b, and total. During the initial phase with higher levels of radiation were fundamental for the development of T. subalbens seedlings.

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