Muon-catalyzed Fusion and Annihilation Energy Generation will Supersede Non-sustainable T+D Nuclear Fusion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leif Holmlid
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Fusion Reactors ◽  
Muon Catalyzed Fusion ◽  
Tritium Production ◽  
Rocket Propulsion ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
The World ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Background : Large-scale fusion reactors using hydrogen isotopes as fuel are still under development at several places in the world. These types of fusion reactors use tritium as fuel for the T +D reaction. However, tritium is not a sustainable fuel, since it may require fission reactors for its production, and since it is a dangerous material due to its radioactivity with main risks of release to the environment during tritium production, transport and refuelling operations. Thus, widespread use of fusion relying on tritium fuel should be avoided. At least two better methods for producing the nuclear energy needed in the world using deuterium or ordinary hydrogen as fuel indeed already exist, and more need to be developed. It should be noted that the first experiments with sustained laser-driven fusion above break-even using deuterium as fuel were published already in 2015. Similar results for T+D fusion do not exist yet, which gives no confidence in this approach. Results: The well-known muon-induced fusion (conventionally called muon-catalyzed fusion) can use deuterium as fuel. With the recent development of a high intensity (10 13 muons per laser shot) muon source (patented), this method is technically and economically feasible today. Due to the low energy cost of producing muons at < 1 MeV with this new source, the length of the so-called catalytic chain is not important. This circumvents the 60 year-old enigma with the alpha sticking process. The recently developed annihilation energy generation uses ordinary hydrogen in the form of ultradense hydrogen H(0) as fuel. Conclusions: muon-induced fusion is able to directly replace most combustion-based power stations in the world, giving sustainable and environmentally harmless power (primarily heat), in this way eliminating most CO 2 emissions of human energy generation origin. Annihilation-based power generation has the potential to replace almost all other uses of fossil fuels within a few decades, also in mobile applications, including spaceflight where it is the only method able to give relativistic rocket propulsion (Acta Astronautica 2020).

scholarly journals Muon-catalyzed fusion and annihilation energy generation supersede non-sustainable T+D nuclear fusion

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leif Holmlid
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Fusion Reactors ◽  
Muon Catalyzed Fusion ◽  
Rocket Propulsion ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Human Energy ◽  
The World ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Background: Large-scale fusion reactors using hydrogen isotopes as fuel are still under development at several places in the world. These types of fusion reactors use tritium as fuel for the T +D reaction. However, tritium is not a sustainable fuel to use, since it will require fission reactors for its production, and since it is a dangerous material due to its radioactivity. Thus, fusion relying on tritium fuel should be avoided, and at least two better methods for providing the nuclear energy needed in the world indeed exist already. The first experiments with sustained laser-driven fusion above break-even using deuterium as fuel were published already in 2015.Results: The well-known muon-induced fusion (also called muon-catalyzed fusion) can use deuterium as fuel. With the recent development of a high intensity (patented) muon source, this method is technically and economically feasible today. The recently developed annihilation energy generation uses ordinary hydrogen as fuel. Conclusions: muon-induced fusion is able to directly replace most combustion-based power stations in the world, giving sustainable and environmentally harmless power (primarily heat), in this way eliminating most CO2 emissions of human energy generation origin. Annihilation-based power generation has the potential to replace almost all other uses of fossil fuels within a few decades, also in most mobile applications including spaceflight, where it is the only method which gives relativistic rocket propulsion.

scholarly journals The Influence of COVID-19 on Indonesian Investment

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Jeliastiva Jeliastiva ◽  
Farid Fachrurazi
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Domestic Investment ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Work From Home ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Almost All

The COVID-19 outbreak has had a serious impact on almost all countries in the world, including Indonesia. In response to this case, various policies began to emerge. Starting from the implementation of work from home, social distancing and physical distancing, until the implementation of large-scale social restrictions (PSBB). overseas investors are busy focusing their finances on the needs of their respective countries to fight the virus. Domestic investment (PMDN) is also predicted to experience a slowdown. The social distancing policy resulted in the community not being able to run the economic system well, especially in the Indonesian investment sector so that the perokoniman namely investment in Indonesia decreased and there were some delays in investment by other countries in Indonesia.

Climate Change

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Mason
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Mass Tourism ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
The World ◽  
Tourism Activity ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Main Attraction

Climate change poses a major threat to almost all forms of human activity on earth, including tourism. As Holden (2016: 227) argues: Of all the challenges facing tourism’s relationship with nature, it is not an exaggeration to state that climate change represents the greatest. Holden gives as his rationale for this statement that it is the stability and predictability of climate that is vital for the environments and ecosystems that are required for the continuation of current types of tourism, whether these are the traditional form of mass tourism, in terms of ‘sun, sea and sand’ holidays, or a niche activity which involves visiting a tropical rain forest with rare flora and fauna as the main attraction. Climate change also presents opportunities for tourism. If areas currently experiencing cool winters and mild summers get warmer, then new types of tourism may be possible including beach-based holidays where at present these are of little importance. Climate change is likely to lead to modifications in the weather at different times of the year so ‘seasonality’ which is currently a very important dimension to many forms of tourism will be affected, probably to the extent that seasons when there is high tourism activity will get longer in some parts of the world. Although tourism is likely to be significantly affected by climate change, it has also contributed to climate change through for example the burning of fossil fuels in transport for tourism as well through the use of power in hotel accommodation.

scholarly journals THE STATE'S RESPONSIBILITY IN THE WELFARE OF PEOPLE AND ECONOMIC RECOVERY IN THE FACE OF COVID-19 FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF LAW AND HUMAN RIGHTS

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-198
Author(s):  
Serlika Aprita ◽  
Lilies Anisah
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Problem Solver ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Government ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact

The Covid-19 pandemic was taking place in almost all countries around the world. Along with the increasingly vigorous government strategy in tackling the spread of the corona virus that was still endemic until now, the government had started to enforce the Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) with the signing of Government Regulation (PP) No. 21 of 2020 about PSBB which was considered able to accelerate countermeasures while preventing the spread of corona that was increasingly widespread in Indonesia. The research method used was normative prescriptive. The government put forward the principle of the state as a problem solver. The government minimized the use of region errors as legitimacy to decentralization. The government should facilitated regional best practices in handling the pandemic. Thus, the pandemic can be handled more effectively. The consideration, the region had special needs which were not always accommodated in national policies. The government policy should be able to encourage the birth of regional innovations in handling the pandemic as a form of fulfilling human rights in the field of health. Innovation was useful in getting around the limitations and differences in the context of each region. In principle, decentralization required positive incentives, not penalties. Therefore, incentive-based central policies were more awaited in handling and minimizing the impact of the pandemic.    

scholarly journals ‘The challenge now is for us to remain relevant’: Australian public libraries and the COVID-19 crisis

IFLA Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 034003522110541
Author(s):  
Simon Wakeling ◽  
Jane Garner ◽  
Philip Hider ◽  
Hamid Jamali ◽  
Jessie Lymn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Public Libraries ◽  
Public Library ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
The World ◽  
Large Scale Survey ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Delivery Models

The COVID-19 crisis has had a significant impact on public libraries around the world. In Australia, almost all public libraries experienced some period of building closure, requiring libraries to adapt their services and delivery models. This article reports findings from a large-scale survey of public library managers in Australia, which was conducted in August 2020. In particular, it presents the results of a thematic analysis of the participants’ free-text responses to open questions asked as part of the survey. This analysis reveals important insights relating to responses to library closures, staffing issues, new and expanded services and programmes, relationships with parent bodies, and the role of public libraries during the crisis and beyond. While public libraries are perceived by managers to have been agile and adaptable, and to have utilised technology effectively, the findings clearly demonstrate the value to users of library buildings, with important consequences for understanding the role of public libraries.

scholarly journals A Review of Tidal Power Potential in Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Aron Oronyi Ohuru
Keyword(s):  
Wind Power ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Tidal Energy ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Tidal Power ◽  
Hydro Power ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
The World

The world is experiencing a dynamic shift in terms of energy production, with nations focusing more on renewable sources of energy. This is because renewable energy sources are eco-friendly, reserves of fossil fuels around the world are getting depleted, and unstable market prices of these fossil fuels. Here in Kenya, the revolution has been felt, especially with heavy investment in geothermal and wind power. Since hydroelectric, geothermal and wind power account for more than 70% of energy consumption in Kenya, it is evident that Kenya is taking strides in the correct direction. However, tidal energy is still left behind in this foray, despite its large potential due to the presence of Kenya’s coastline measuring 640 km long, and most notably, the predictability of this tidal energy. Due to the fact that tidal energy is directly related to the gravitational relationship between the earth and the moon, which is predictable, tidal energy can really help in terms of reduction of pressure and dependence on the hydro power generating seven forks scheme in Kenya. If well synchronized, tidal energy can help alleviate the chronic power rationing that occurs during the dry season in Kenya. By studying work done in other countries, large scale production of electric power from tidal energy can be achieved.

Energy in the 1980s - Geothermal power

1974 ◽  
Vol 276 (1261) ◽  
pp. 507-526
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Geothermal Heat ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Geothermal Fluids ◽  
The World ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Installed Capacity

This paper deals mainly with the development of utilization of endogenous fluids in the world and particularly in Italy, together with a forecast of the potential increase in geothermal production. At the end of 1972 the installed capacity of the world’s geothermoelectric plants was approxim ately 1000 M W , of which 390.6 M W are installed in Italy. In the same year the electric energy generated by Italian power stations was 2582.4 GW h. In some countries, geothermoelectric energy costs ranged from 1.4 to 2.5 U.S. mills/M J (5 to 9 mills/kW h) as com pared with 1.66-3.9 U.S. mills/M J (6-14 mills/ kW h) for alternative sources. T he total geothermal capacity in the world is expected to double and perhaps to triple in the 1980s, as new installations are being constructed or planned in several therm al areas. The utilization of geothermal fluids for evaporating low-boiling liquids (freon, isobutane, etc.) or for driving a gravim etric loop, offers attractive possibilities of using therm al waters also for the generation of electricity. In many countries, low enthalpy fluids are used directly for other purposes (domestic and greenhouse heating, refrigeration and air-conditioning, production of fresh water, drying seaweeds and diatomites, etc.). The cost of geothermal heat thus employed is 0.7-1.2 $/GJ as com pared with about 2.6 $/GJ if fossil fuels are used. Due to this attractive cost, in the next few years there should be a rem arkable development in this type of utilization of low enthalpy fluids.

scholarly journals BUSINESS DIFFERENTIATION STRATEGY OF ANTIMICROBIAL PRODUCTS IN THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 444-454
Author(s):  
Judiatin Rachmiarti Kusumah
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Competitive Strategies ◽  
Differentiation Strategy ◽  
Industrial Companies ◽  
Work From Home ◽  
The World ◽  
Generic Strategy ◽  
Almost All

The Covid-19 pandemic that has struck the world worldwide has had a major impact, particularly on the economic and socio-cultural conditions of every person in every country. No exception in Indonesia, which has not escaped and is also affected by the global pandemic. There is a slowdown in the growth process in the economic and financial sectors. This is the result of efforts to stop the spread of the virus with a lock-down action country in the world, and the implementation of the WFH (Work From Home) program and the PSBB (Large-Scale National Limitation) in Indonesia is having an effect for most industrial companies to slow down the business. This situation has a major impact on conditions in almost all companies where business is slowing down. There has also been a decline in activity in manufacturing companies producing paints, as consumer demand for paint products has been drastic due to the many delays in the process of building and building, and the process of painting houses and buildings has been stopped by painters. PT XYZ Raya, a national paint company that realizes competitive advantages between paint manufacturers, develops a differentiation strategy for paint products that meets the conditions and needs of paint consumers under the current pandemic conditions, namely antimicrobial paint products that can prevent this and inhibit the growth of viruses, germs and bacteria on the walls of our houses. So that family health can be maintained by using these antimicrobial wall paint products. The product differentiation strategy, in this case wall paint, is an embodiment of one of the company's competitive strategies according to Michael Porter's generic strategy

scholarly journals Covid-19: Portrait of Preservation of the Batik Industry as a Regional Autonomy

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-152
Author(s):  
Itoimiham Noburu ◽  
Arzo Himki ◽  
Arusyi Dithi ◽  
Katoyusyi Kano ◽  
Mey Anggraeni
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Chinese Economy ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
Government Regulations ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact

In 2020 coronavirus (covid-19) has shocked the world. This virus attacks the immunity of a person's body and the spread of this virus is very fast. The weakening of the Chinese economy due to the co-19 epidemic certainly had a significant impact on the world, because China is a country that is very influential in the world economy. Many various countries were affected by co-19, including Indonesia. This co-19 outbreak is one of the causes of the decline in people's economic capacity. Many companies suffered losses due to the impact of the covid-19 outbreak, the impact experienced one of them in the field of creative industries, many industries had to close because they were affected by the covid-19. One example of industries that are affected by covid-19 is the batik industry typical of Sumenep. In addition to industry, the tourism sector was affected, many tourist sites were closed due to the co-19 impact which did not allow the public to gather in many crowds. The government has made several efforts to reduce the spread of this epidemic by implementing Large-Scale Social Restrictions or commonly called PSBB in almost all areas according to government regulations. The research method used in this study is to use a qualitative perspective method where this research was conducted with the aim of developing and improving Sumenep batik craftsmen during the covid-19 pandemic. The government has made several efforts to reduce the spread of this epidemic by implementing Large-Scale Social Restrictions or commonly called PSBB in almost all areas according to government regulations. The research method used in this study is to use a qualitative perspective method where this research was conducted with the aim of developing and improving Sumenep batik craftsmen during the covid-19 pandemic. The government has made several efforts to reduce the spread of this epidemic by implementing Large-Scale Social Restrictions or commonly called PSBB in almost all areas according to government regulations. The research method used in this study is to use a qualitative perspective method where this research was conducted with the aim of developing and improving Sumenep batik craftsmen during the covid-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals CoVid19, a Threat or a Blessing to Globalization?

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 01033
Author(s):  
Daniel Moise ◽  
Diana Mihaela Negescu Oancea ◽  
Amelia Diaconu ◽  
Silviu Diaconu
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Air Transportation ◽  
Medical Supplies ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Almost All

Research background: The new CoVid19 took by surprise almost all the countries were not aware that encountered the virus. It is most likely that many countries did not even know, realize or were not aware that the virus was already spreading in their homeland. We can consider that it was like a “tornado” or even worse like a “Geo-Storm” that affected almost each country in the World. Purpose of the article: The healthcare system in each country was caught unprotected to such a large scale of need of medical supplies and devices. The lack of medical supplies showed the dependence of many countries on too few manufacturing countries. The demand for such products was sky rocketing and so did the price for this kind of products. Methods: The issue studied should not be only for medical supplies, but also for strategic products, or components for example, for air transportation, military purposes, energy supplies, and so on, that could put in real difficulties the economy and the social well-being, as we know it. We have conducted a research among the stakeholders. Findings & Value added: The outcome of this pandemic might be the end of Globalization, as the trade and dependency upon other countries will stop, or on the contrary, the consolidation of the Globalization, giving itself even an immense synergy in order to deepen and proliferate. In order to discover and debate this matter, we carried out a research to see and understand.

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