scholarly journals The Chronic Administration of Persian Herbal Formulas Psycodigest Induced The Antidepressant-Like Effect in a Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress (CUMS) Mouse Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hakimeh gavzan ◽  
Atefeh Araghi ◽  
Behrokh Marzban Abbasabadi ◽  
Nastaran Talebpour ◽  
Hannaneh Golshahi
Keyword(s):  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Alternative Therapy ◽  
Treatment Resistance ◽  
Anxiolytic Effect ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Kidney Liver ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Depression is one of the most common mental disorders. Despite the numerous medications, there are still the limitations such as side effects and treatment-resistance in depression treating. Herbal medicine has been considered as supplemental and alternative therapy for psychiatric disorders. Psycodigest is an antidepressant Persian formula composed of Aloysia triphylla, Citrus aurantium, Echium amoneum, Lavandula angustifolia, Melissa officinalis, Salix aegyptiaca, Valeriana officinalis, Viola odorata, and Cinnamomum zeylanicum. This survey was performed to evaluate the effect of the chronic administration of Psycodigest in chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) mice behavior and its safety. CUMS-mice orally administered with Psycodigest (0.23ml /mice), Fluoxetine (20mg/kg), and Bupropion (15mg/kg) for 4 weeks. The antidepressant effects were evaluated by sucrose preference, tail suspension, and forced swimming test. The anxiolytic effect was tested by elevated plus maze. Besides, the brain, kidney, liver super oxidase dismutase (SOD) activity, and plasma level of cortisol, creatinine and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were detected. The histopathological effects evaluated on kidney, liver, intestine and brain. The daily oral administration of Psycodigest as well as Fluoxetine and Bupropion had antidepressant, but no anxiolytic effect. Psycodigest did not change the serum level of cortisol, ALT and creatinine. Also hematological and histological examinations were not affected. Meanwhile, the brain SOD activity increased followed by Psycodigest treatment, the kidney and liver SOD did not change. The chronic administration of Psycodigest significantly ameliorated the depressive-like behaviors and showed the antioxidative effect in the brain with no toxicity in the liver and kidney.

scholarly journals Effects of caffeic acid on epigenetics in the brain of rats with chronic unpredictable mild stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 5358-5368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinye Hu ◽  
Shuyuan Cao ◽  
Zhan Zhang ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Di Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Acupuncture Activates ERK-CREB Pathway in Rats Exposed to Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Lu ◽  
Jia Liang ◽  
Jun-Ren Wang ◽  
Li Hu ◽  
Ya Tu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Camp Response Element Binding ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress ◽  
Camp Response Element ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Extracellular Signal ◽  
Element Binding Protein ◽  
Phosphorylated Creb ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Creb Pathway

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) signal pathway has been implicated in the pathogenesis of depression. There is growing evidence that acupuncture in traditional Chinese medicine has antidepressant-like effect. However, the effect of acupuncture on ERK-CREB pathway remains unknown. In our study, the antidepressant-like effect of acupuncture treatment was measured by sucrose intake test and open field test in rats exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) for 4 weeks. The protein levels of ERK1/2, CREB, phosphorylated ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2), and phosphorylated CREB (p-CREB) in the hippocampus (HP) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) were examined by Western blot analysis. Our results showed that CUMS rats exhibited the reduction in behavioral activities, whereas acupuncture stimulation at acupoints Baihui (Du20) and Neiguan (PC6) reversed the behavioral deficit. In addition, exposure to CUMS resulted in the decrease of p-ERK1/2 and p-CREB in the HP and PFC. Acupuncture increased the ratio of p-ERK1/2 to ERK1/2 and the ratio of p-CREB to CREB in the HP and PFC. Our study suggested that one potential way, by which acupuncture had antidepressant-like effect, might be mediated by activating the ERK-CREB pathway in the brain.

Methanol stem bark extract of Adansonia digitata ameliorates chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depression-like behavior: Involvement of the HPA axis, BDNF, and stress biomarkers pathways

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aishatu Shehu ◽  
Mohammed Garba Magaji ◽  
Jamilu Yau ◽  
Abubakar Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress ◽  
Adansonia Digitata ◽  
Object Recognition Test ◽  
Sod Activity

Abstract Background Adansonia digitata L. (Malvaceae) is used locally in the management of depressive illnesses, and its antidepressant-like effect has been previously reported. The present study was aimed at determining the effect of the methanol extract of the stem bark of A. digitata (MEAD) on chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) and the possible mechanism responsible for its antidepressant activity. Methods Acute toxicity of MEAD was determined using the OECD guideline 420. The CUMS model was used to induce depression, and behavioral tests such as sucrose preference test (SPT), open field test (OFT), novel-object recognition test (NORT), and tail suspension test (TST) were carried out in mice. The concentrations of plasma cortisol and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein in the brain were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were assessed using colorimetric methods. Results The LD50 was established to be ≥5000 mg/kg. On CUMS-induced depression, MEAD significantly (p ≤ 0.05) and dose dependently reversed the weight loss, increased the line-crossing activity in OFT, increased sucrose consumption in SPT, decreased the duration of immobility in TST, and increased the novelty exploration time in NORT. The MEAD extract significantly (p ≤ 0.05) and dose dependently increased the levels of BDNF, decreased the levels of plasma cortisol, increased the levels of total SOD activity, and decreased the levels of plasma MDA. Conclusion Our findings show that MEAD ameliorates CUMS-induced depressive-like behavior and its effect is possibly mediated via the neuroendocrine, neurotrophic, and oxidative stress pathways.

scholarly journals Jasmine Tea Attenuates Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress-Induced Depressive-like Behavior in Rats via the Gut-Brain Axis

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Yangbo Zhang ◽  
Jianan Huang ◽  
Yifan Xiong ◽  
Xiangna Zhang ◽  
Yong Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress ◽  
Jasmine Tea ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Microbiota Diversity

The number of depressed people has increased worldwide. Dysfunction of the gut microbiota has been closely related to depression. The mechanism by which jasmine tea ameliorates depression via the brain-gut-microbiome (BGM) axis remains unclear. Here, the effects of jasmine tea on rats with depressive-like symptoms via the gut microbiome were investigated. We first established a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) rat model to induce depressive symptoms and measured the changes in depression-related indicators. Simultaneously, the changes in gut microbiota were investigated by 16S rRNA sequencing. Jasmine tea treatment improved depressive-like behaviors and neurotransmitters in CUMS rats. Jasmine tea increased the gut microbiota diversity and richness of depressed rats induced by CUMS. Spearman’s analysis showed correlations between the differential microbiota (Patescibacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, Elusimicrobia, and Proteobacteria) and depressive-related indicators (BDNF, GLP-1, and 5-HT in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex). Combined with the correlation analysis of gut microbiota, the result indicated that jasmine tea could attenuate depression in rats via the brain- gut-microbiome axis.

scholarly journals The Gut Microbiome Modulates the Changes in Liver Metabolism and in Inflammatory Processes in the Brain of Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-jie Lv ◽  
Xiao-ling Wu ◽  
Wen-qian Chen ◽  
Yue-fei Li ◽  
Gui-feng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress ◽  
Astrocyte Activation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplant ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
The Brain

Generally, depression is the result of complex gene-environment interactions. Recent studies have showed that the gut microbiota can affect brain function through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. However, the underlying mechanism of the microbiota and potential influence of depression remain elusive. We aimed to determine how gut microbiome contributes to the process of depression and further influences the host. Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) is used to establish a depression model. Fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) is applied to illustrate that depression can be transmitted via microbiota, and metabolism of liver analysis is applied to demonstrate further influence to the liver. We also analyzed the astrocyte activation in the brain by immunofluorescence (IF). Here, we show that the structure of the gut microbiome changes markedly after rats undergo CUMS. Notably, we found that the ratio of Lactobacillus to Clostridium can be a vital index for the development of depression. Depression-like behavior can be duplicated through FMT. Moreover, increased zonulin and fatty acid binding protein-2 indicates that gut barrier integrity is broken after FMT. Subsequently, metabolomics shows that liver metabolic disorder occurs and leads to liver coagulative necrosis. In addition, increased inflammatory cytokine expression and higher astrocyte activation indicate an inflammatory process in the brain. These findings suggest that dysbiosis gut microbiome contributes to development of depression and further causes liver metabolic disorders in a way that may be relevant to the Lactobacillus to Clostridium ratio.

Anti-inflammatory properties of brilliant blue G on chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced changes in rat hippocampus

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S365-S366
Author(s):  
F. Aricioglu ◽  
T. Bastaskin ◽  
C. Kandemir ◽  
S. Sirvanci ◽  
C. Ozkartal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microglial Activation ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Sucrose Preference ◽  
Brilliant Blue ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress ◽  
Brilliant Blue G ◽  
P2x7 Receptors

ObjectivePurinergic 2X7 receptor (P2X7R) activation has recently been considered to be involved in depression at least partially by triggering microglial activation. The aim of the present study was to examine whether the chronic administration of brilliant blue G (BBG), a highly selective P2X7R antagonist, has antidepressant-like effects and microglial (Iba-1) immunoreactivity in chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model in rats.MethodsMale Wistar Albino rats (290–360 g) were divided into groups such as control (saline), CUMS, CUMS + Imipramine (20 mg/kg; i.p.), CUMS + BBG25 (25 mg/kg; i.p.), CUMS + BBG50 (50 mg/kg; i.p.) groups (n = 10–12 in each). In CUMS model, various stressors were applied for 40 days. On day 20, the treatment of BBG was started for 20 days. At the end, sucrose preference and forced swimming tests were performed. Then brains were removed with paraformaldehyde perfusion for Iba-1 immunohistochemical analysis in hippocampus. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey's test were used for statistical analysis.ResultsThe time of immobility in forced swim test was significantly reduced while sucrose preference was increased in Imipramine and CUMS + BBG50 groups compared to control and CUMS groups, respectively. In immunohistochemical experiments, Iba-1 was overexpressed in CUMS group and BBG significantly reduced the overexpression of Iba-1.ConclusionOur results suggest that chronic administration of BBG has an antidepressant-like activity supporting the notion of P2X7 receptors involvement in depression by modulating microglial activation.This research was supported by grant from Marmara University, Scientific Research Projects – SAG-C-YLP-110915-0416 and SAG-E-120613-0233.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

β-1, 3-Glucan attenuated chronic unpredictable mild stress induced cognitive impairment in rodents via normalizing corticosterone levels

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saniya Hashim Khan ◽  
Sheraz Khan ◽  
Inamullah Khan ◽  
Narmeen Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Water Maze ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Glucocorticoid Receptors ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Injurious Effect ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Dose Dependent

Background: Chronic stress elevates the cortisol beyond normal levels, which affects cognition including learning & memory. This injurious effect is primarily mediated via over excitation of metabotropic glucocorticoid receptors (mGR). Methods: The present study was aimed appraise the neuroprotective effects of naturally occurring molecule β-1,3-glucan by interfering with stress-cortisol-mGR axis. Our data of virtual screening (in silico) exhibited the promising interactions of βglucan with the mGR. Therefore, the study was extended to evaluate its efficacy (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg/ i.p) in an animal model of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS, 28 days) induced memory impairment. Results: Results of the current study revealed the β-glucan provided dose dependent protection against deleterious effects of stress on learning and memory associated parameters observed in Morris water maze (MWM) task. At higher tested doses, it has also significantly antagonized the stress induced weight loss and corticosterone elevation. Conclusion: From these findings, it can be deduced that the β-glucan possesses therapeutic potential against stress induced memory impairment, and this effect can be attributed to its normalizing effect on corticosterone levels.

scholarly journals Skeletal Muscle Metabolomic Responses to Endurance and Resistance Training in Rats under Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1645
Author(s):  
Xiangyu Liu ◽  
Xiong Xue ◽  
Junsheng Tian ◽  
Xuemei Qin ◽  
Shi Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

The objectives of this study were to compare the antidepressant effects between endurance and resistance exercise for optimizing interventions and examine the metabolomic changes in different types of skeletal muscles in response to the exercise, using a rat model of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depression. There were 32 male Sprague-Dawley rats randomly divided into a control group (C) and 3 experimental groups: CUMS control (D), endurance exercise (E), and resistance exercise (R). Group E underwent 30 min treadmill running, and group R performed 8 rounds of ladder climbing, 5 sessions per week for 4 weeks. Body weight, sucrose preference, and open field tests were performed pre and post the intervention period for changes in depressant symptoms, and the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles were sampled after the intervention for metabolomic analysis using the 1H-NMR technique. The results showed that both types of exercise effectively improved the depression-like symptoms, and the endurance exercise appeared to have a better effect. The levels of 10 metabolites from the gastrocnemius and 13 metabolites from the soleus of group D were found to be significantly different from that of group C, and both types of exercise had a callback effect on these metabolites, indicating that a number of metabolic pathways were involved in the depression and responded to the exercise interventions.

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