scholarly journals Effects of caffeic acid on epigenetics in the brain of rats with chronic unpredictable mild stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 5358-5368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinye Hu ◽  
Shuyuan Cao ◽  
Zhan Zhang ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Di Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Acupuncture Activates ERK-CREB Pathway in Rats Exposed to Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Lu ◽  
Jia Liang ◽  
Jun-Ren Wang ◽  
Li Hu ◽  
Ya Tu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Camp Response Element Binding ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress ◽  
Camp Response Element ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Extracellular Signal ◽  
Element Binding Protein ◽  
Phosphorylated Creb ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Creb Pathway

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) signal pathway has been implicated in the pathogenesis of depression. There is growing evidence that acupuncture in traditional Chinese medicine has antidepressant-like effect. However, the effect of acupuncture on ERK-CREB pathway remains unknown. In our study, the antidepressant-like effect of acupuncture treatment was measured by sucrose intake test and open field test in rats exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) for 4 weeks. The protein levels of ERK1/2, CREB, phosphorylated ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2), and phosphorylated CREB (p-CREB) in the hippocampus (HP) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) were examined by Western blot analysis. Our results showed that CUMS rats exhibited the reduction in behavioral activities, whereas acupuncture stimulation at acupoints Baihui (Du20) and Neiguan (PC6) reversed the behavioral deficit. In addition, exposure to CUMS resulted in the decrease of p-ERK1/2 and p-CREB in the HP and PFC. Acupuncture increased the ratio of p-ERK1/2 to ERK1/2 and the ratio of p-CREB to CREB in the HP and PFC. Our study suggested that one potential way, by which acupuncture had antidepressant-like effect, might be mediated by activating the ERK-CREB pathway in the brain.

scholarly journals Jasmine Tea Attenuates Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress-Induced Depressive-like Behavior in Rats via the Gut-Brain Axis

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Yangbo Zhang ◽  
Jianan Huang ◽  
Yifan Xiong ◽  
Xiangna Zhang ◽  
Yong Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress ◽  
Jasmine Tea ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Microbiota Diversity

The number of depressed people has increased worldwide. Dysfunction of the gut microbiota has been closely related to depression. The mechanism by which jasmine tea ameliorates depression via the brain-gut-microbiome (BGM) axis remains unclear. Here, the effects of jasmine tea on rats with depressive-like symptoms via the gut microbiome were investigated. We first established a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) rat model to induce depressive symptoms and measured the changes in depression-related indicators. Simultaneously, the changes in gut microbiota were investigated by 16S rRNA sequencing. Jasmine tea treatment improved depressive-like behaviors and neurotransmitters in CUMS rats. Jasmine tea increased the gut microbiota diversity and richness of depressed rats induced by CUMS. Spearman’s analysis showed correlations between the differential microbiota (Patescibacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, Elusimicrobia, and Proteobacteria) and depressive-related indicators (BDNF, GLP-1, and 5-HT in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex). Combined with the correlation analysis of gut microbiota, the result indicated that jasmine tea could attenuate depression in rats via the brain- gut-microbiome axis.

scholarly journals The Gut Microbiome Modulates the Changes in Liver Metabolism and in Inflammatory Processes in the Brain of Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-jie Lv ◽  
Xiao-ling Wu ◽  
Wen-qian Chen ◽  
Yue-fei Li ◽  
Gui-feng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress ◽  
Astrocyte Activation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplant ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
The Brain

Generally, depression is the result of complex gene-environment interactions. Recent studies have showed that the gut microbiota can affect brain function through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. However, the underlying mechanism of the microbiota and potential influence of depression remain elusive. We aimed to determine how gut microbiome contributes to the process of depression and further influences the host. Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) is used to establish a depression model. Fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) is applied to illustrate that depression can be transmitted via microbiota, and metabolism of liver analysis is applied to demonstrate further influence to the liver. We also analyzed the astrocyte activation in the brain by immunofluorescence (IF). Here, we show that the structure of the gut microbiome changes markedly after rats undergo CUMS. Notably, we found that the ratio of Lactobacillus to Clostridium can be a vital index for the development of depression. Depression-like behavior can be duplicated through FMT. Moreover, increased zonulin and fatty acid binding protein-2 indicates that gut barrier integrity is broken after FMT. Subsequently, metabolomics shows that liver metabolic disorder occurs and leads to liver coagulative necrosis. In addition, increased inflammatory cytokine expression and higher astrocyte activation indicate an inflammatory process in the brain. These findings suggest that dysbiosis gut microbiome contributes to development of depression and further causes liver metabolic disorders in a way that may be relevant to the Lactobacillus to Clostridium ratio.

scholarly journals The Chronic Administration of Persian Herbal Formulas Psycodigest Induced The Antidepressant-Like Effect in a Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress (CUMS) Mouse Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hakimeh gavzan ◽  
Atefeh Araghi ◽  
Behrokh Marzban Abbasabadi ◽  
Nastaran Talebpour ◽  
Hannaneh Golshahi
Keyword(s):  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Alternative Therapy ◽  
Treatment Resistance ◽  
Anxiolytic Effect ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Kidney Liver ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Depression is one of the most common mental disorders. Despite the numerous medications, there are still the limitations such as side effects and treatment-resistance in depression treating. Herbal medicine has been considered as supplemental and alternative therapy for psychiatric disorders. Psycodigest is an antidepressant Persian formula composed of Aloysia triphylla, Citrus aurantium, Echium amoneum, Lavandula angustifolia, Melissa officinalis, Salix aegyptiaca, Valeriana officinalis, Viola odorata, and Cinnamomum zeylanicum. This survey was performed to evaluate the effect of the chronic administration of Psycodigest in chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) mice behavior and its safety. CUMS-mice orally administered with Psycodigest (0.23ml /mice), Fluoxetine (20mg/kg), and Bupropion (15mg/kg) for 4 weeks. The antidepressant effects were evaluated by sucrose preference, tail suspension, and forced swimming test. The anxiolytic effect was tested by elevated plus maze. Besides, the brain, kidney, liver super oxidase dismutase (SOD) activity, and plasma level of cortisol, creatinine and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were detected. The histopathological effects evaluated on kidney, liver, intestine and brain. The daily oral administration of Psycodigest as well as Fluoxetine and Bupropion had antidepressant, but no anxiolytic effect. Psycodigest did not change the serum level of cortisol, ALT and creatinine. Also hematological and histological examinations were not affected. Meanwhile, the brain SOD activity increased followed by Psycodigest treatment, the kidney and liver SOD did not change. The chronic administration of Psycodigest significantly ameliorated the depressive-like behaviors and showed the antioxidative effect in the brain with no toxicity in the liver and kidney.

β-1, 3-Glucan attenuated chronic unpredictable mild stress induced cognitive impairment in rodents via normalizing corticosterone levels

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saniya Hashim Khan ◽  
Sheraz Khan ◽  
Inamullah Khan ◽  
Narmeen Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Water Maze ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Glucocorticoid Receptors ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Injurious Effect ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Dose Dependent

Background: Chronic stress elevates the cortisol beyond normal levels, which affects cognition including learning & memory. This injurious effect is primarily mediated via over excitation of metabotropic glucocorticoid receptors (mGR). Methods: The present study was aimed appraise the neuroprotective effects of naturally occurring molecule β-1,3-glucan by interfering with stress-cortisol-mGR axis. Our data of virtual screening (in silico) exhibited the promising interactions of βglucan with the mGR. Therefore, the study was extended to evaluate its efficacy (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg/ i.p) in an animal model of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS, 28 days) induced memory impairment. Results: Results of the current study revealed the β-glucan provided dose dependent protection against deleterious effects of stress on learning and memory associated parameters observed in Morris water maze (MWM) task. At higher tested doses, it has also significantly antagonized the stress induced weight loss and corticosterone elevation. Conclusion: From these findings, it can be deduced that the β-glucan possesses therapeutic potential against stress induced memory impairment, and this effect can be attributed to its normalizing effect on corticosterone levels.

scholarly journals Skeletal Muscle Metabolomic Responses to Endurance and Resistance Training in Rats under Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1645
Author(s):  
Xiangyu Liu ◽  
Xiong Xue ◽  
Junsheng Tian ◽  
Xuemei Qin ◽  
Shi Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

The objectives of this study were to compare the antidepressant effects between endurance and resistance exercise for optimizing interventions and examine the metabolomic changes in different types of skeletal muscles in response to the exercise, using a rat model of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depression. There were 32 male Sprague-Dawley rats randomly divided into a control group (C) and 3 experimental groups: CUMS control (D), endurance exercise (E), and resistance exercise (R). Group E underwent 30 min treadmill running, and group R performed 8 rounds of ladder climbing, 5 sessions per week for 4 weeks. Body weight, sucrose preference, and open field tests were performed pre and post the intervention period for changes in depressant symptoms, and the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles were sampled after the intervention for metabolomic analysis using the 1H-NMR technique. The results showed that both types of exercise effectively improved the depression-like symptoms, and the endurance exercise appeared to have a better effect. The levels of 10 metabolites from the gastrocnemius and 13 metabolites from the soleus of group D were found to be significantly different from that of group C, and both types of exercise had a callback effect on these metabolites, indicating that a number of metabolic pathways were involved in the depression and responded to the exercise interventions.

scholarly journals Synergistic Effect of Several Neurotransmitters in PFC-NAc-VTA Neural Circuit for the Anti-Depression Effect of Shuganheweitang in a Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 1934578X2110024
Author(s):  
Xin Chen ◽  
Yuanchun Ma ◽  
Xiongjun Mou ◽  
Hao Liu ◽  
Hao Ming ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Behavior ◽  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Concentration Level ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Depression Effect ◽  
Monoamine Neurotransmitters ◽  
Reward Circuitry ◽  
High Doses ◽  
The Brain

Depression, a major worldwide mental disorder, leads to massive disability and can result in death. The PFC-NAc-VTA neuro circuit is related to emotional, neurovegetative, and cognitive functions, which emerge as a circuit-level framework for understanding reward deficits in depression. Neurotransmitters, which are widely distributed in different brain regions, are important detected targets for the evaluation of depression. Shuganheweitang (SGHWT) is a popular prescription in clinical therapy for depression. In order to investigate its possible pharmacodynamics and anti-depressive mechanism, the complex plant material was separated into different fractions. These in low and high doses, along with low and high doses of SGHWT were tested in animal behavior tests. The low and high doses of SGHWT were more effective than the various fractions, which indicate the importance of synergistic function in traditional Chinese medicine. Furthermore, amino acid (GABA, Glu) and monoamine neurotransmitters (DA, 5-HT, NA, 5-HIAA) in the PFC-NAc-VTA neuro circuit were investigated by UPLC-MS/MS. The level trend of DA and 5-HT were consistent in the PFC-NAc-VTA neuro circuit, whereas 5-HIAA was decreased in the PFC, Glu was decreased in the PFC and VTA, and NA and GABA were decreased in the NAc. The results indicate that the pathogenesis of depression is associated with dysfunction of the PFC-NAc-VTA neural circuit, mainly through the neural projection effects of neurotransmitters associated with various brain regions in the neural circuit. PCA and OPLS-DA score plots demonstrated the similarities of individuals within each group and the differences among the groups. In this study, SGHWT could regulate the concentration level of different neurotransmitters in the PFC-NAc-VTA neuro circuit to improve the depression, which benefitted from the recognition of the brain reward circuitry in mood disorders.

scholarly journals PET evaluation of light-induced modulation of microglial activation and GLP-1R expression in depressive rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Liu ◽  
Lizhen Wang ◽  
Donghui Pan ◽  
Mingzhu Li ◽  
Yaoqi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microglial Activation ◽  
Light Therapy ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Noninvasive Evaluation ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Therapeutic Choice ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
The Brain

AbstractLight therapy has been accepted as a promising therapeutic choice for depression. Positron emission tomography (PET) combined with specific radiotracers has great benefits for revealing pathogenesis and developing therapeutics. This study aimed to investigate the influences of light therapy on microglial activation and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) expression in the brain of depressive rats using [18F]DPA-714 and [18F]exendin-4 PET. The results showed that chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depressive rats had poorer performance in behavioral tests compared to normal rats (p < 0.05) and the depressive-like behavior could be ameliorated by light therapy. Besides, depressive rats had significantly higher [18F]DPA-714 uptake and lower [18F]FDG uptake compare to normal rats in 11 and 9 regions of interest (ROIs) of the brain, respectively (p < 0.05). After 5 weeks of light therapy, higher [18F]FDG and [18F]exendin-4 uptake was observed in most ROIs of light therapy-treated depressive rats compared to untreated depressive rats (p < 0.05) and no significant differences existed in [18F]DPA-714 uptake between the two groups. This study demonstrated that light therapy can ameliorate depressive-like behavior, improve glucose metabolism, and halt the decline of brain GLP-1R expression of depressive rats, but have no effects on microglial activation caused by CUMS. Besides, this study validated that [18F]DPA-714 and [18F]exendin-4 PET have the potential for noninvasive evaluation of microglial activation and GLP-1R expression in the brain of depression.

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