scholarly journals A remixed-fermentation technique for the simultaneous bioconversion of corncob C6 and C5 sugars to probiotic Bacillus subtilis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xutong Ma ◽  
Yong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Probiotic Strain ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Mixed Fermentation ◽  
G Cells ◽  
Application Potential ◽  
Promising Application

Abstract The probiotic strain of Bacillus subtilis presents a promising application potential for the value-added bio-utilization of lignocellulosic carbohydrates. By the combined acidolysis pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis, hemicellulose and cellulose constituents of corncob were efficiently converted respectively into fermentable C5 and C6 sugars, mainly including xylose and glucose. B. subtilis grew well in xylose solution while it was hindered completely in the acidolysis broth because of the bio-toxicity of degraded chemicals derived from corncob. A mixed-fermentation technique was therefore developed and performed to blend the acidolysis broth and enzymatic hydrolysis slurry together, by which C5 and C6 sugar molecules were successfully fermented and efficiently utilized for the growth of B. subtilis cells with a yield of 0.33 g cells/g sugar consumed. A net amount of 186.1 ± 0.9 g of B. subtilis powder was obtained from 1000 g of corncob that could improve the economic benefits of the process to around 5–7 times.

scholarly journals A High-Yield Process for Production of Biosugars and Hesperidin from Mandarin Peel Wastes

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (18) ◽  
pp. 4286
Author(s):  
Eun Jin Cho ◽  
Yoon Gyo Lee ◽  
Jihye Chang ◽  
Hyeun-Jong Bae
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Oil Removal ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
Mandarin Peel ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Processing Steps

In this research, novel biorefinery processes for obtaining value-added chemicals such as biosugar and hesperidin from mandarin peel waste (MPW) are described. Herein, three different treatment methods were comparatively evaluated to obtain high yields of biosugar and hesperidin from MPW. Each method was determined by changes in the order of three processing steps, i.e., oil removal, hesperidin extraction, and enzymatic hydrolysis. The order of the three steps was found to have a significant influence on the production yields. Biosugar and hesperidin production yields were highest with method II, where the processing steps were performed in the following order: oil removal, enzymatic hydrolysis, and hesperidin extraction. The maximum yields obtained with method II were 34.46 g of biosugar and 6.48 g of hesperidin per initial 100 g of dry MPW. Therefore, the methods shown herein are useful for the production of hesperidin and biosugar from MPW. Furthermore, the utilization of MPWs as sources of valuable materials may be of considerable economic benefits and has become increasingly attractive.

scholarly journals Aliphatic extractive effects on acetic acid catalysis of typical agricultural residues to xylo-oligosaccharide and enzymatic hydrolyzability of cellulose

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianming Guo ◽  
Kaixuan Huang ◽  
Rou Cao ◽  
Junhua Zhang ◽  
Yong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Acid Catalysis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Ethanol Extraction ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
Aliphatic Compounds ◽  
Organic Solvent Extraction ◽  
Promising Application ◽  
Poplar Sawdust

Abstract Background Xylo-oligosaccharide is the spotlight of functional sugar that improves the economic benefits of lignocellulose biorefinery. Acetic acid acidolysis technology provides a promising application for xylo-oligosaccharide commercial production, but it is restricted by the aliphatic (wax-like) compounds, which cover the outer and inner surfaces of plants. Results We removed aliphatic compounds by extraction with two organic solvents. The benzene–ethanol extraction increased the yield of acidolyzed xylo-oligosaccharides of corncob, sugarcane bagasse, wheat straw, and poplar sawdust by 14.79, 21.05, 16.68, and 7.26% while ethanol extraction increased it by 11.88, 17.43, 1.26, and 13.64%, respectively. Conclusion The single ethanol extraction was safer, more environmentally friendly, and more cost-effective than benzene–ethanol solvent. In short, organic solvent extraction provided a promising auxiliary method for the selective acidolysis of herbaceous xylan to xylo-oligosaccharides, while it had minimal impact on woody poplar.

scholarly journals Estimation of permeability to bacteriophages of intestinal mucosa of chickens with eimeriosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
N. V. Davydova ◽  
V. Yu. Koptev ◽  
Yu. N. Kozlova ◽  
L. I. Sulimova ◽  
V. N. Afonyushkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Biological Material ◽  
Probiotic Strain ◽  
Field Isolates ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Inflammatory Processes

In the course of the study permeability of intestinal mucosa of chickens suffering from eimeriosis while treating them with various veterinary drugs, including probiotics, was evaluated. The simulation of a typical clinical picture of eimeriosis was carried out by oral administration of suspension with coccidial oocysts (1.6 × 105/head) using a probe. To create different forms and different intensity of inflammatory processes, chickens that received various anticoccidial preparations and probiotic strain Bacillus subtilis were infected with eimeria. According to the data from an autopsy, it was found that the use of a spore probiotic based on Bacillus subtilis and anticoccidial drugs containing robenidine hydrochloride and salinomycin had a positive protective effect when treating chickens from eimeriosis. A similar picture was observed when assessing permeability of intestinal mucosa as affected by bacteriophage, whereby permeability decreased with the use of probiotics and the above-mentioned active agents. In general, the decrease in productivity was significant in all groups. However, the effect of spore-based probiotics was quite pronounced against the background of eimeria polyresistance. In the situation where anticoccidial drugs are less effective, the use of a spore-based probiotic can have a noticeable protective effect. The effect of all anticoccidial drugs under study on the concentration of oocysts and the state of the mucosa was insignificant, which indicated polyresistance of different types of eimeria isolated from biological material to these drugs. The analysis of the intestinal mucosa integrity, based on the study of mucosa permeability to bacteriophages and a Johnson and Reid scoring procedure showed that a spore probiotic based on B. subtilis and anticoccidial drugs containing robenidine and salinomycin had the best protective effect against eimeriosis caused by field isolates of eimeria. When treating chickens suffering from eimeriosis caused by polyresistant forms of E. acervulina and E. tenella, it is advisable to use probiotics alongside with drugs based on robenidine and salinomycin.

scholarly journals Economic Impact of Drought- and Shade-tolerant Bermudagrass Varieties

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chanjin Chung ◽  
Tracy A. Boyer ◽  
Marco Palma ◽  
Monika Ghimire
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Economic Impact Analysis ◽  
New Varieties

This study estimates potential economic impacts of developing drought- and shade-tolerant bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) turf varieties in five southern states: Texas, Florida, Georgia, Oklahoma, and North Carolina. First, estimates are provided for the market-level crop values of the newly developed two varieties for each state. Then, an economic impact analysis is conducted using an input–output model to assess additional output values (direct, indirect, and induced impacts), value added, and employment due to the new varieties. Our results indicate that the two new varieties would offer significant economic impacts for the central and eastern regions of the United States. Under the assumption of full adoption, the two new products would generate $142.4 million of total output, $91.3 million of value added, and 1258 new jobs. When a lower adoption rate is assumed at 20%, the expected economic impacts would generate $28.5 million of output, $18.3 million of value added, and 252 jobs in the region. Our findings quantify the potential economic benefits of development and adoption of new turfgrass varieties with desirable attributes for residential use. The findings suggest that researchers, producers, and policymakers continue their efforts to meet consumers’ needs, and in doing so, they will also reduce municipal water consumption in regions suited to bermudagrass varieties.

scholarly journals The Application of Economic Value Added on Green Facilities of Urban Agriculture

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 05001
Author(s):  
Kuo Wei Hsu ◽  
Shang Zhen Liao
Keyword(s):  
Urban Agriculture ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Economic Value Added ◽  
Psychological Benefits ◽  
Production And Consumption

Green facilities of urban agriculture offer a fertile ground for green innovation, such as rooftop gardens, green curtains, and indoor plant growing, which create a new forms of urban farming economy. The previous studies for cost-benefit analysis of urban agriculture indicated that green facilities could contribute both quantitative and qualitative benefits. The value of green facility strategies of urban agriculture may often be underestimated without transforming qualitative benefits to quantitative benefits. This study examined the effects of green facilities of urban agriculture development in Taiwan. The market reaction was explored by adopting economic value added (EVA) technique for the measurement of both quantitative and qualitative value contributed by green facilities. The results from this study support that there exists interaction between qualitative factors such as indirect economic benefits and social psychological benefits and quantitative factors, agricultural production and energy saving impacted by green facilities. The study concluded that consumers of urban agricultural crops are willing to pay more for eco-friendly products. The establishment of relationship between urban agricultural production and consumption can contribute to sustainability while generating economic opportunities.

scholarly journals Modeling and Analysis of Coal-Based Lurgi Gasification for LNG and Methanol Coproduction Process

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gu ◽  
Yang ◽  
Kokossis
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Methanol Synthesis ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Separation Unit ◽  
Gas Removal

A coal-based coproduction process of liquefied natural gas (LNG) and methanol (CTLNG-M) is developed and key units are simulated in this paper. The goal is to find improvements of the low-earning coal to synthesis natural gas (CTSNG) process using the same raw material but producing a low-margin, single synthesis natural gas (SNG) product. In the CTLNG-M process, there are two innovative aspects. Firstly, the process can co-generate high value-added products of LNG and methanol, in which CH4 is separated from the syngas to obtain liquefied natural gas (LNG) through a cryogenic separation unit, while the remaining lean-methane syngas is then used for methanol synthesis. Secondly, CO2 separated from the acid gas removal unit is partially reused for methanol synthesis reaction, which consequently increases the carbon element utilization efficiency and reduces the CO2 emission. In this paper, the process is designed with the output products of 642,000 tons/a LNG and 1,367,800 tons/a methanol. The simulation results show that the CTLNG-M process can obtain a carbon utilization efficiency of 39.6%, bringing about a reduction of CO2 emission by 130,000 tons/a compared to the CTSNG process. However, the energy consumption of the new process is increased by 9.3% after detailed analysis of energy consumption. The results indicate that although electricity consumption is higher than that of the conventional CTSNG process, the new CTLNG-M process is still economically feasible. In terms of the economic benefits, the investment is remarkably decreased by 17.8% and an increase in internal rate of return (IRR) by 6% is also achieved, contrasting to the standalone CTSNG process. It is; therefore, considered as a feasible scheme for the efficient utilization of coal by Lurgi gasification technology and production planning for existing CTSNG plants.

A promising hydrogen peroxide adduct of ammonium cyclopentazolate as a green propellant component

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (25) ◽  
pp. 12334-12338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Luo ◽  
Honglei Xia ◽  
Wenquan Zhang ◽  
Siwei Song ◽  
Qinghua Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Green Propellant ◽  
Application Potential ◽  
Promising Application

A novel hydrogen peroxide adduct of ammonium cyclopentazolate was successfully synthesized and shows promising application potential as a green propellant component.

scholarly journals Palladium selenide as a broadband saturable absorber for ultra-fast photonics

Nanophotonics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 2557-2567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huanian Zhang ◽  
Pengfei Ma ◽  
Mingxiao Zhu ◽  
Wenfei Zhang ◽  
Guomei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Width ◽  
Photonic Devices ◽  
Average Output ◽  
Electronic Band ◽  
Central Wavelength ◽  
Saturable Absorbers ◽  
Application Potential ◽  
Maximum Average Output Power ◽  
Promising Application ◽  
Er Doped

AbstractAir-stable broadband saturable absorbers (SAs) exhibit a promising application potential, and their preparations are also full of challenges. Palladium selenide (PdSe2), as a novel two-dimensional (2D) layered material, exhibits competitive optical properties including wide tunable bandgap, unique pentagonal atomic structure, excellent air stability, and so on, which are significant in designing air-stable broadband SAs. In our work, theoretical calculation of the electronic band structures and bandgap characteristics of PdSe2 are studied first. Additionally, PdSe2 nanosheets are synthesized and used for designing broadband SAs. Based on the PdSe2 SA, ultrafast mode-locked operations in 1- and 1.5-μm spectral regions are generated successfully. For the mode-locked Er-doped operations, the central wavelength, pulse width, and pulse repetition rate are 1561.77 nm, 323.7 fs, and 20.37 MHz, respectively. Meanwhile, in all normal dispersion regions, mode-locked Yb-doped fiber laser with 767.7-ps pulse width and 15.6-mW maximum average output power is also generated successfully. Our results fully reveal the capacity of PdSe2 as a broadband SA and provide new opportunities for designing air-stable broadband ultra-fast photonic devices.

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