scholarly journals A High-Yield Process for Production of Biosugars and Hesperidin from Mandarin Peel Wastes

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (18) ◽  
pp. 4286
Author(s):  
Eun Jin Cho ◽  
Yoon Gyo Lee ◽  
Jihye Chang ◽  
Hyeun-Jong Bae
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Oil Removal ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
Mandarin Peel ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Processing Steps

In this research, novel biorefinery processes for obtaining value-added chemicals such as biosugar and hesperidin from mandarin peel waste (MPW) are described. Herein, three different treatment methods were comparatively evaluated to obtain high yields of biosugar and hesperidin from MPW. Each method was determined by changes in the order of three processing steps, i.e., oil removal, hesperidin extraction, and enzymatic hydrolysis. The order of the three steps was found to have a significant influence on the production yields. Biosugar and hesperidin production yields were highest with method II, where the processing steps were performed in the following order: oil removal, enzymatic hydrolysis, and hesperidin extraction. The maximum yields obtained with method II were 34.46 g of biosugar and 6.48 g of hesperidin per initial 100 g of dry MPW. Therefore, the methods shown herein are useful for the production of hesperidin and biosugar from MPW. Furthermore, the utilization of MPWs as sources of valuable materials may be of considerable economic benefits and has become increasingly attractive.

Direct conversion of cellulose to high-yield methyl lactate over Ga-doped Zn/H-nanozeolite Y catalysts in supercritical methanol

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 1969-1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepak Verma ◽  
Rizki Insyani ◽  
Young-Woong Suh ◽  
Seung Min Kim ◽  
Seok Ki Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Direct Conversion ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Supercritical Methanol ◽  
Methyl Lactate ◽  
High Yields

For realizing sustainable bio-based refineries, it is crucial to obtain high yields of value-added chemicalsviadirect conversion of cellulose and lignocellulosic biomass.

scholarly journals Chemical, Physical and Biological Carwash Wastewater Treatments for Water Recycling: Critical and Comparative Analyses

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Water Recycling ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
Granular Filter ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

The carwash industry uses large volumes of freshwater and release wastewater containing harmful chemicals into the environment. The type and quantity of cleaning chemicals and finish products used and the amount of dirt present on the vehicle affect the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the carwash wastewater. The growing public concerns for water conservation and the environmental health of water waterways has led to several environmental regulations to encourage wastewater reclamation and reduction of pollution loads. The environmentally friendly carwash operation requires a good washing technology with compatible washing chemicals and advanced water treatment methods with proper water recycling system. The desire of professional carwash operators to conserve water and/or reduce discharges dictate the choice of approach and reclaim equipment to be installed. This study describes the treatment options for carwash wastewaters for recycling in order to achieve pollution reduction, water conservation and economic benefits for carwash operators. These treatments include chemical coagulation-flocculation, electrocoagulation, electrooxidation, granular filtration, microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, biofilters, bioreactors, wetlands and adsorption. The advantages and disadvantages of each method were determined. Each method was evaluated and compared with other methods using a standard set of criteria that included: cost, maintenance and control, efficiency, suitability, value added product, environmental and health impact and size and land requirement. These criteria were developed based of the advantages and disadvantages of the treatment methods. Each criterion was assigned a score based on its relative importance. A comparative analysis was performed on the 12 methods of carwash wastewater treatments using the eight criteria. The results indicated that granular filter treatment had the highest score (87) followed by reverse osmosis (84). It is therefore recommended that a combination of granular filter and reverse osmosis be used to treat carwash wastewater. The granular filter is used as a pre-treatment option to remove suspended solids, heavy metals and pathogenic microorganisms and the reverse osmosis unit is used as a final treatment for polishing the granular filter effluent and remove all remining organic molecules, cysts, bacteria, virus and all minerals including dissolved individual ions. The final product is a spotfree rinse water resulting in glass, chrome, and all painted surfaces to dry spot-free. Granular filter is easy to set up using locally available material, is economical and has a low capital and operating cost and a short residence time and can achieve reductions of up to 100% of COD, TSS and turbidity. Reverse osmosis results in complete removal of pathogens and virus and up to 99 % removal of dissolved solids.

scholarly journals A remixed-fermentation technique for the simultaneous bioconversion of corncob C6 and C5 sugars to probiotic Bacillus subtilis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xutong Ma ◽  
Yong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Probiotic Strain ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Mixed Fermentation ◽  
G Cells ◽  
Application Potential ◽  
Promising Application

Abstract The probiotic strain of Bacillus subtilis presents a promising application potential for the value-added bio-utilization of lignocellulosic carbohydrates. By the combined acidolysis pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis, hemicellulose and cellulose constituents of corncob were efficiently converted respectively into fermentable C5 and C6 sugars, mainly including xylose and glucose. B. subtilis grew well in xylose solution while it was hindered completely in the acidolysis broth because of the bio-toxicity of degraded chemicals derived from corncob. A mixed-fermentation technique was therefore developed and performed to blend the acidolysis broth and enzymatic hydrolysis slurry together, by which C5 and C6 sugar molecules were successfully fermented and efficiently utilized for the growth of B. subtilis cells with a yield of 0.33 g cells/g sugar consumed. A net amount of 186.1 ± 0.9 g of B. subtilis powder was obtained from 1000 g of corncob that could improve the economic benefits of the process to around 5–7 times.

scholarly journals Effect of Pretreatments on the Enzymatic Hydrolysis of High-Yield Bamboo Chemo-Mechanical Pulp by Changing the Surface Lignin Content

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 787
Author(s):  
Lianxin Luo ◽  
Xiaojun Yuan ◽  
Sheng Zhang ◽  
Xuchong Wang ◽  
Mingfu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Mechanical Pulp ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Hydrogen peroxide chemo-mechanical pulp (APMP), sulfonated chemo-mechanical pulp (SCMP), and chemical thermomechanical pulp (CTMP) were used as raw materials to explore the effects of hydrogen peroxide (HP), Fenton pretreatment (FP), and ethanol pretreatment (EP) on the enzymatic hydrolysis of high-yield bamboo mechanical pulp (HBMP). The surface lignin distribution and contents of different HBMPs were determined using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The correlation between the surface lignin and the enzymatic hydrolysis of HBMP was also investigated. The residue of enzymatic hydrolysis was used to adsorb methylene blue (MB). The results showed that the cracks and fine fibers on the surface of APMP, SCMP, and CTMP increased after FP, when compared to HP and EP. The total removal content of hemicellulose and lignin in SCMP after FP was higher than with HP and EP. Compared to SCMP, the crystallinity increased by 15.4%, and the surface lignin content of Fenton-pretreated SCMP decreased by 11.7%. The enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency of HBMP after FP was higher than with HP and EP. The highest enzymatic hydrolysis of Fenton-pretreated SCMP was 49.5%, which was higher than the enzymatic hydrolysis of Fenton-pretreated APMP and CTMP. The removal rate of MB reached 94.7% after the adsorption of the enzymatic hydrolysis residue of SCMP. This work provides an effective approach for a high value-added utilization of high-yield bamboo pulp.

Evaluation of germ plasm for resistant to Soybean mosaic virus (SMV)

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-9
Author(s):  
Wuye Ria Andayanie
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Polyclonal Antibody ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Germ Plasm ◽  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Soybean Mosaic Virus ◽  
High Yield ◽  
High Yields

Soybean superior varieties with high yields and are resistant to abiotic stress have been largely released, although some varieties grown in the field are not resistant to SMV. In addition, the opportunity to obtain lines of hope as prospective varieties with high yield and resistance to SMV is very small. The method for evaluating soybean germplasm is based on serological observations of 98 accessions of leaf samples from SMV inoculation with T isolate. The evaluation results of 98 accessions based on visual observations showed 31 genotypes reacting very resistant or healthy to mild resistant category to SMV T isolate  with a percentage of symptom severity of 0 −30 %. Among 31 genotypes there are 2 genotypes (PI 200485; M8Grb 44; Mlg 3288) with the category of visually very resistant and resistant, respectively and  Mlg 3288  with the category of mild resistant.  They have a good agronomic appearance with a weight of 100 seeds (˃10 g) and react negatively with polyclonal antibodies to SMV, except Mlg 3288 reaction is not consistent, despite the weight of 100 seeds (˃ 10 g). Leaf samples from 98 accessions revealed various symptoms of SMV infection in the field. This diversity of symptoms is caused by susceptibility to accession, when infection occurs, and environmental factors. Keywords—: soybean; genotipe; Soybean mosaic virus (SMV); disease severity; polyclonal  antibody

scholarly journals Performance of Strawberry Varieties Developed for Perennial Matted-Row Production in Annual Plasticulture in a Cold Climate Region

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1407
Author(s):  
Courtney A. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Annual Production ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Berry Weight ◽  
High Yields

Annual plasticulture production of strawberries promises superior weed control, fruit quality and yields. However, strawberry varieties adapted for perennial, matted-row production and local markets in cold climate regions have not been widely tested for adaptation to an annual production cycle. Productivity of seven short-day varieties developed for matted-row and/or annual production was examined in an annual plasticulture system in two consecutive trials in central NY (lat. 42.87° N, long. 76.99° W) harvested in 2013 and 2014. ‘Flavorfest’ demonstrated good performance in Trial 1 with high yield (390 g/plant) and large fruit size (13.9 g mean berry weight). ‘Jewel’ was shown to be well adapted to the annual plasticulture system with consistently high yields (330 and 390 g/plant) that equaled or surpassed other varieties and had moderate fruit size. ‘Chandler’ performed similarly to previous trials conducted in warmer regions with yield (340 g/plant) and fruit size (9.8 g mean berry weight) similar to ‘Jewel’. ‘Clancy’ yielded less but was consistent from year to year. The late season varieties Seneca and Ovation showed marked variability between years, possibly due to drastically different temperatures during flowering and fruit development in Trial 1 compared to Trial 2. High temperatures in Trial 1 likely caused higher early fruit yield, a compressed season and a precipitous decline in fruit size in the later season, thus reducing yield in the late season. Survival after a second dormant period was poor resulting in a small second harvest and reduced fruit size. Overall, the system demonstrated many of the expected benefits but may be more sensitive to weather conditions in the region. While many varieties developed for matted-row production may work well in an annual plasticulture system, not all varieties are equally adapted. Performance of each variety should be determined independently before large scale adoption by growers.

scholarly journals Multi-curie production of gallium-68 on a biomedical cyclotron and automated radiolabelling of PSMA-11 and DOTATATE

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Helge Thisgaard ◽  
Joel Kumlin ◽  
Niels Langkjær ◽  
Jansen Chua ◽  
Brian Hook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiochemical Purity ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Automated Production ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Gallium 68 ◽  
High Yields ◽  
High Level ◽  
Mev Protons ◽  
Very High

Abstract Background With increasing clinical demand for gallium-68, commercial germanium-68/gallium-68 ([68Ge]Ge/[68Ga]Ga) generators are incapable of supplying sufficient amounts of the short-lived daughter isotope. In this study, we demonstrate a high-yield, automated method for producing multi-Curie levels of [68Ga]GaCl3 from solid zinc-68 targets and subsequent labelling to produce clinical-grade [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 and [68Ga]Ga-DOTATATE. Results Enriched zinc-68 targets were irradiated at up to 80 µA with 13 MeV protons for 120 min; repeatedly producing up to 194 GBq (5.24 Ci) of purified gallium-68 in the form of [68Ga]GaCl3 at the end of purification (EOP) from an expected > 370 GBq (> 10 Ci) at end of bombardment. A fully automated dissolution/separation process was completed in 35 min. Isolated product was analysed according to the Ph. Eur. monograph for accelerator produced [68Ga]GaCl3 and found to comply with all specifications. In every instance, the radiochemical purity exceeded 99.9% and importantly, the radionuclidic purity was sufficient to allow for a shelf-life of up to 7 h based on this metric alone. Fully automated production of up to 72.2 GBq [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 was performed, providing a product with high radiochemical purity (> 98.2%) and very high apparent molar activities of up to 722 MBq/nmol. Further, manual radiolabelling of up to 3.2 GBq DOTATATE was performed in high yields (> 95%) and with apparent molar activities (9–25 MBq/nmol) sufficient for clinical use. Conclusions We have developed a high-yielding, automated method for the production of very high amounts of [68Ga]GaCl3, sufficient to supply proximal radiopharmacies. The reported method led to record-high purified gallium-68 activities (194 GBq at end of purification) and subsequent labelling of PSMA-11 and DOTATATE. The process was highly automated from irradiation through to formulation of the product, and as such comprised a high level of radiation protection. The quality control results obtained for both [68Ga]GaCl3 for radiolabelling and [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 are promising for clinical use.

High yield and greener C–H difluoromethylation reactions using copper iodide nanoparticles/boron nitride nanosheets as a versatile and recyclable heterogeneous catalyst

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Udayakumar Veerabagu ◽  
Gowsika Jaikumar ◽  
Fushen Lu ◽  
Franck Quero
Keyword(s):  
Boron Nitride ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalyst ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Copper Iodide ◽  
Boron Nitride Nanosheets ◽  
Greener Synthesis ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Recyclable Heterogeneous Catalyst

The 3 wt% CuI/BNNS catalyst exhibited high efficiency for C–H difluoromethylation reactions and enabled greener synthesis at high yields using cyrene as a solvent. Furthermore, the catalyst could be easily recovered and recycled for at least five cycles.

scholarly journals A method for the generation of pseudotyped virus particles bearing SARS coronavirus spike protein in high yields

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoichiro Fujioka ◽  
Sayaka Kashiwagi ◽  
Aiko Yoshida ◽  
Aya O. Satoh ◽  
Mari Fujioka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Expression System ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Pseudotyped Virus ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Live Virus ◽  
High Yields

The ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has threatened human health and the global economy. Development of additional vaccines and therapeutics is urgently required, but such development with live virus must be conducted with biosafety level 3 confinement. Pseudotyped viruses have been widely adopted for studies of virus entry and pharmaceutical development to overcome this restriction. Here we describe a modified protocol to generate vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) pseudotyped with SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein in high yield. We found that pseudovirions produced with the conventional transient expression system lacked coronavirus Spike protein at their surface as a result of inhibition of parental VSV infection by overexpression of this protein. Establishment of stable cell lines with an optimal expression level of coronavirus Spike protein allowed the efficient production of progeny pseudoviruses decorated with Spike protein. This improved VSV pseudovirus production method should facilitate studies of coronavirus entry and development of antiviral agents.

scholarly journals Epimerization-free C-term Activation of Peptide Fragments by Ball-Milling

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Yeboue ◽  
Marion Jean ◽  
Gilles Subra ◽  
Jean Martinez ◽  
Frédéric Lamaty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Coupling Agents ◽  
Peptide Fragment ◽  
Peptide Fragments ◽  
Solution Synthesis ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Synthesis Approach ◽  
Yield And Purity

Ball-milling enabled to perform [2+1], [2+2], and [2+3] peptide couplings with high yields and, if any, very low epimerization. Very good results were obtained with peptide fragments containing highly epimerization-prone and/or highly hindered amino acids at C-term such as phenylglycine, cysteine and valine. Ball-milling was clearly identified as the key element to obtain both high yield and purity along with low epimerization. Indeed, the ball-milling conditions proved to be superior to the classical solution synthesis approach on a various array of widely used coupling agents. These results open avenues for the development of highly efficient, convergent and flexible peptide synthesis strategies based on peptide fragment couplings mediated by ball-milling.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document