Health Care of Refugees in Indonesia: A Case Study in Kupang City, Indonesia
Abstract Backgrounds: This study analyzes Indonesia's readiness to balance its role in responding to its internal and external health system situations, including the capacity of health advocacy and diplomacy in providing health services to the refugees. The analysis aims to provide recommendations to the government from the perspective of human rights and health security. Methods: Triangulation through observations, interviews with experts, and related literature and news searches were carried out using a qualitative approach to obtain thematic phenomena to validate data. Interviews were conducted using content analysis to get thematic phenomena based on structured interview guidelines to obtain the expert judgment. The selected informants are the main stakeholders in the health sector who meet appropriateness and adequacy principles. They also meet Tremblay's ideal informants' criteria, namely, role in community, knowledge, willingness, communicability, and impartiality.Results: Stakeholders have inadequate lines of communication, resulting in a lack of proper coordination between agencies. The Port Health Office (PHO) in Kupang was not involved in handling refugees despite its crucial role in preventing the entry and exit of potential disease outbreaks. The government of Indonesia established Presidential Regulation No. 125 of 2016 to deal with refugees abroad. However, the law has not been appropriately implemented. The city government of Kupang has not maintained an optimal balance between human rights and health security. Conclusions: Health advocacy and diplomacy capacity are needed to strengthen health resilience in preventive measures while recognizing the refugees' right to health as part of human rights.