scholarly journals Valorization of cigarette butts for top value-added chemicals: Levulinic Acid

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelita G. Laurenza ◽  
Onofrio Losito ◽  
Michele Casiello ◽  
caterina fusco ◽  
Angelo Nacci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Thermal Hydrolysis ◽  
Purification Procedure ◽  
Fine Chemical ◽  
Cigarette Butts ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Industrial Level

Abstract Levulinic acid (LA), one of the top value-added intermediates of chemical industry, can be obtained by thermal hydrolysis (at 200 °C) from cigarette butts (as cellulose feedstock) catalysed by phosphoric acidic. The protocol avoids the use of more aggressive H2SO4 and HCl, that are generally employed on several cellulose sources (e.g. sludge paper), thus minimizing corrosion phenomena of plants. Neither chemical pre-treatment of butts nor specific purification procedure of LA are required. Notably, by simply modifying acid catalyst (e.g. using CH3COOH), another top value-added fine chemical such as 5-hydroxymethylfuraldehyde (HMF) is obtained, thus widening the scope of the method.Being cigarette filters a waste available in quantities of megatonnes per year, they represent an unlimited at no cost source of cellulose, thus enabling the up-scale to an industrial level of LA production.

scholarly journals Valorization of cigarette butts for synthesis of levulinic acid as top value-added chemicals

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelita G. Laurenza ◽  
Onofrio Losito ◽  
Michele Casiello ◽  
Caterina Fusco ◽  
Angelo Nacci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
Hydrothermal Process ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Purification Procedure ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Cigarette Butts ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Industrial Level

AbstractUnprecedented in the literature, levulinic acid (LA), one of the top value-added intermediates of chemical industry, is obtained from cigarette butts as cellulose feedstock by means of a one-pot hydrothermal process carried out at 200 °C for 2 h and catalysed by phosphoric acid. The protocol avoids the use of more aggressive and toxic H2SO4 and HCl, that are generally employed on several cellulose sources (e.g. sludge paper), thus minimizing corrosion phenomena of plants. Neither chemical pre-treatment of butts nor specific purification procedure of LA are required. Notably, by simply modifying acid catalyst (e.g. using CH3COOH), another top value-added fine chemical such as 5-hydroxymethylfuraldehyde (HMF) is obtained, thus widening the scope of the method. Being cigarette filters a waste available in quantities of megatonnes per year, they represent an unlimited at no cost source of cellulose, thus enabling the up-scale to an industrial level of LA production.

scholarly journals Acid-Catalyzed Conversion of Cellulose Into Levulinic Acid With Biphasic Solvent System

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changyue Ma ◽  
Bo Cai ◽  
Le Zhang ◽  
Junfeng Feng ◽  
Hui Pan
Keyword(s):  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Solvent System ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Amberlyst 15 ◽  
Hydrolysis Of Cellulose ◽  
Acid Catalyzed ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

In this work, acid-catalyzed conversion of cellulose into levulinic acid in a biphasic solvent system was developed. Compared to a series of catalysts investigated in this study, the Amberlyst-15 as a more efficient acid catalyst was used in the hydrolysis of cellulose and further dehydration of derived intermediates into levulinic acid. Besides, the mechanism of biphasic solvent system in the conversion of cellulose was studied in detail, and the results showed biphasic solvent system can promote the conversion of cellulose and suppress the polymerization of the by-products (such as lactic acid).The reaction conditions, such as temperature, time, and catalyst loading were changed to investigate the effect on the yield of levulinic acid. The results indicated that an appealing LA yield of 59.24% was achieved at 200°C and 180 min with a 2:1 ratio of Amberlyst-15 catalyst and cellulose in GVL/H2O under N2 pressure. The influence of different amounts of NaCl addition to this reaction was also investigated. This study provides an economical and environmental-friendly method for the acid-catalyzed conversion of cellulose and high yield of the value-added chemical.

scholarly journals Mini-Review on the Synthesis of Furfural and Levulinic Acid from Lignocellulosic Biomass

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1234
Author(s):  
Zhiwei Jiang ◽  
Di Hu ◽  
Zhiyue Zhao ◽  
Zixiao Yi ◽  
Zuo Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Mechanism ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Catalytic System ◽  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Alternative Route ◽  
Catalytic Systems ◽  
Renewable Biomass ◽  
Platform Chemicals

Efficient conversion of renewable biomass into value-added chemicals and biofuels is regarded as an alternative route to reduce our high dependence on fossil resources and the associated environmental issues. In this context, biomass-based furfural and levulinic acid (LA) platform chemicals are frequently utilized to synthesize various valuable chemicals and biofuels. In this review, the reaction mechanism and catalytic system developed for the generation of furfural and levulinic acid are summarized and compared. Special efforts are focused on the different catalytic systems for the synthesis of furfural and levulinic acid. The corresponding challenges and outlooks are also observed.

scholarly journals Refactoring of a synthetic raspberry ketone pathway with EcoFlex

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon J. Moore ◽  
Yonek B. Hleba ◽  
Sarah Bischoff ◽  
David Bell ◽  
Karen M. Polizzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Synthetic Biology ◽  
Combinatorial Libraries ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Microtiter Plate ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Golden Gate ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Fine Chemical ◽  
Raspberry Ketone

Abstract Background  A key focus of synthetic biology is to develop microbial or cell-free based biobased routes to value-added chemicals such as fragrances. Originally, we developed the EcoFlex system, a Golden Gate toolkit, to study genes/pathways flexibly using Escherichia coli heterologous expression. In this current work, we sought to use EcoFlex to optimise a synthetic raspberry ketone biosynthetic pathway. Raspberry ketone is a high-value (~ £20,000 kg−1) fine chemical farmed from raspberry (Rubeus rubrum) fruit. Results  By applying a synthetic biology led design-build-test-learn cycle approach, we refactor the raspberry ketone pathway from a low level of productivity (0.2 mg/L), to achieve a 65-fold (12.9 mg/L) improvement in production. We perform this optimisation at the prototype level (using microtiter plate cultures) with E. coli DH10β, as a routine cloning host. The use of E. coli DH10β facilitates the Golden Gate cloning process for the screening of combinatorial libraries. In addition, we also newly establish a novel colour-based phenotypic screen to identify productive clones quickly from solid/liquid culture. Conclusions  Our findings provide a stable raspberry ketone pathway that relies upon a natural feedstock (L-tyrosine) and uses only constitutive promoters to control gene expression. In conclusion we demonstrate the capability of EcoFlex for fine-tuning a model fine chemical pathway and provide a range of newly characterised promoter tools gene expression in E. coli.

scholarly journals The effect of drying temperature on the properties of gelatin from carps (Cyprinus carpio) skin

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 246-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Tkaczewska ◽  
Maciej Wielgosz ◽  
Piotr Kulawik ◽  
Marzena Zajac
Keyword(s):  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Thermal Hydrolysis ◽  
Gel Properties ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The influence of drying temperature on the characteristics and gel properties of gelatine from Cyprinus carpio L. skin was studied. Gelatine was extracted from the carp skin using NaOH and ethanol pre-treatment method, extracted in water in 45°C and then dried in 4 different temperatures: 50, 70, 80°C and freeze-dried. The  electrophoresis and functional properties of gelatines were investigated. Freeze drying allowed to obtain a high gelling force, and all other methods did not give satisfactory results. The proteins in gelatines dried at higher temperatures separated by electrophoresis gave severely blurred bands. It may be explained by thermal hydrolysis of collagen fibrils. Freeze drying is the only effective method for drying this product, which can be used in industry.

scholarly journals THE FINE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY.

The Lancet ◽  
1921 ◽  
Vol 197 (5087) ◽  
pp. 457
Author(s):  
STAFFORDALLENANDSONSLTD
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Fine Chemical

A structure–activity relationship study using DFT analysis of Bronsted–Lewis acidic ionic liquids and synergistic effect of dual acidity in one-pot conversion of glucose to value-added chemicals

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 1423-1430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Firdaus Parveen ◽  
Tanmoy Patra ◽  
Sreedevi Upadhyayula
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
Value Added ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Acidic Ionic Liquids ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Relationship Study

The catalytic conversion of biomass-derived carbohydrates to value-added chemicals, such as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, levulinic acid, and formic acid, is a commercially important reaction and requires the use of both Lewis and Bronsted acids.

scholarly journals Value-Added Products from Urea Glycerolysis Using a Heterogeneous Biosolids-Based Catalyst

Catalysts ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mattia Bartoli ◽  
Chengyong Zhu ◽  
Michael Chae ◽  
David Bressler
Keyword(s):  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Thermal Hydrolysis ◽  
Process Economics ◽  
Air Stream ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Value Added Products

Although thermal hydrolysis of digested biosolids is an extremely promising strategy for wastewater management, the process economics are prohibitive. Here, a biosolids-based material generated through thermal hydrolysis was used as a catalyst for urea glycerolysis performed under several conditions. The catalytic system showed remarkable activity, reaching conversion values of up to 70.8 ± 0.9% after six hours, at 140 °C using a catalyst/glycerol weight ratio of 9% and an air stream to remove NH3 formed during the process. Temperature played the most substantial role among reaction parameters; increasing temperature from 100 °C to 140 °C improved conversion by 35% and glycidol selectivity by 22%. Furthermore, the catalyst retained good activity even after the fourth catalytic run (conversion rate of 56.4 ± 1.3%) with only a slight decrease in glycidol selectivity. Thus, the use of a biosolids-based catalyst may facilitate conversion of various glycerol sources (i.e., byproduct streams from biodiesel production) into value-added products such as glycidol, and may also improve the economic feasibility of using thermal hydrolysis for treatment of biosolids.

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