scholarly journals Recent Trends in Human Brucellosis in the West Bank, Palestine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Amro ◽  
Badeeha Mansoor ◽  
Omar Hamarsheh ◽  
Diaa Hjejeh
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
West Bank ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Human Brucellosis ◽  
The West ◽  
White Cheese ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Precautionary Measures

Abstract BackgroundBrucellosis in Palestine continues to be a significant public health problem due to its impact on the human health, as a result of the high prevalence level of infection in livestock especially in sheep and goats. The purpose of this research was to investigate the epidemiology of human brucellosis in the West Bank over the past 20 years with a focus on recent trends in disease incidence from 2010 through 2020. MethodsWe conducted a long-term descriptive epidemiological study based on the Palestinian Ministry of Health records on human brucellosis from 2000-2020.ResultsThe total number of cases reported in this period was 7935 patients and the average annual incidence rate (AAIR) was 9.4 cases/105 population. Hebron was the most endemic among all studied governorates.The AAIR ranged from 17.9 in 2000 to 15.7 cases/105 population in 2020. The AAIR markedly decreased from 17.9 in 2000, to 2.9 cases/ 105 populations in 2012. A dramatic increase in human cases started from 2013 onwards to mark a peak in 2016. Higher incidence was reported in male (57.1%) and among the age group 11-20 years (29%). A higher number of cases was reported during April, May and June with the highest peak recorded in May, and subsequently exhibiting a gradual decline during autumn and winter. 2850 (62.7%) patients reported contact with animals which included 1783 (62.6%) patients who had contact with sheep, 819 (28.7%) with goats, and 248 (8.7%) with cattle.Moreover, (37.2%) of the patients reported raw milk consumption and (80.9%) reported white cheese consumption. Approximately (30%) had at least one infected household member. Diagnosis was based on the clinical picture and confirmed by laboratory tests. Patients were treated with a combination of Streptomycin and Tetracycline, or Tetracycline and Rifampicin. ConclusionsThe incidence of human brucellosis in the West Bank has markedly increased in recent years. This dramatic increase is linked to the impaired control and surveillance of the disease. Mass vaccination, regular screenings of animals for brucellosis, continuous outreach campaigns on raising public health awareness, monitoring milk and homemade dairy products pose some recommended precautionary measures of coping with the epidemic.

scholarly journals Recent Trends in Human Brucellosis in the West Bank, Palestine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Amro ◽  
Badeeha Mansoor ◽  
Omar Hamarsheh ◽  
Diaa Hjejeh
Keyword(s):  
West Bank ◽  
Human Brucellosis ◽  
The West ◽  
Recent Trends

To Do No Harm: Humanitarian Aid in Conflict Demands Political Engagement

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 567-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronak B. Patel ◽  
Hannah B. Wild
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
South Sudan ◽  
Humanitarian Aid ◽  
Political Engagement ◽  
The West ◽  
Public Health Preparedness ◽  
Humanitarian Response ◽  
Do No Harm ◽  
Public Responsibility ◽  
Recent Trends

AbstractHumanitarian aid in settings of conflict has always been fraught with challenges. In the absence of political engagement, however, manipulation by state authorities, however, have the potential to pervert aid intervention to inflict harm. South Sudan exemplifies how states may abuse the humanitarian response to retreat from public responsibility, divert funds to further violence and conflict and dictate the distribution of aid. Recent trends toward nationalist policies in the West that favor disengagement and limited military strikes have the very effect of allowing this abuse to transform humanitarian aid into a tool for harm. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:567–568)

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of human Brucellosis and associated risk factors among high-risk occupations in Mbeya Region of Tanzania

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick D. Sagamiko ◽  
Ruth L. Mfune ◽  
Bernard M. Hang’ombe ◽  
Esron D. Karimuribo ◽  
Alfred M. Mwanza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Human Brucellosis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Occupationally Exposed ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background: Brucellosis is a bacterial zoonotic disease of public health and economic importance. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Mbeya region between November 2015 and January 2016 to investigate the seroprevalence of human brucellosis and identify associated risk factors among individuals in risky occupations. Methods: A total of 425 humans from six occupational categories were serially tested for Brucella antibodies using the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and competitive Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (c-ELISA), for screening and confirmation, respectively. A questionnaire survey was also administered to participants to collect epidemiological data. Results: The overall seroprevalence among the occupationally exposed individuals was 1.41% (95% CI: 00.64-3.12). Seroprevalence was higher among butcher men 5.6% (95% CI: 1.68-5.26), herds men 1.35% (95% CI: 0.18-9.02); and abattoir workers 1.1% (95% CI: 0.26-4.22) although there was no statistical significance. (P value = .18). Seroprevalence was also higher among men (1.8%) compared to females (0%) (P value = .19). and also, among those aged < 11 years (2.5%). Individuals who consumed raw milk had a higher seroprevalence (1.56%) compared to those who drunk boiled milk while seropositivity was 0.88% among those who assisted animals during parturition (P value = .49). Butcher men were at higher risk of exposure compared to other occupational categories. Our findings show the presence of brucellosis in occupationally exposed individuals in Mbeya region.Conclusion: There is need to sensitize the concerned professions in order to reduce the risk of acquiring Brucella infections from animals and animal products This also calls for public health awareness about the disease, and implementation of measures to prevent further spread of brucellosis within and outside the study area.

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of cysticercosis from 2000 to 2014 in Dali, Yunnan province, China.

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huanzhang Li ◽  
Xinzhong Zang ◽  
Xiaokang Hu ◽  
Eniola Michael Abe ◽  
Menbao Qian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Distribution Characteristics ◽  
Hotspot Analysis ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
And Control

Cysticercosis remains a public health problem in China, with disease prevalence attributed to poor socio-economic and public health conditions. This parasitic food-borne disease was prioritized for effective control following implementation of the national surveys on parasitic diseases carried out in China. We predicted the cysticercosis distribution in Dali, Yunnan Province by assessing spatio-temporal distribution characteristics between 2000 and 2014 to better understand the trend of the disease incidence. A database of cysticercosis cases was provided by the clinical department at the Dali Prefectural Institute of Research and Control of Schistosomiasis. Describing the epidemiological features of cysticercosis and analyzing its spatiotemporal distribution of cases using mapping, scanning and spatial autocorrelation analysis, our findings found a total of 3,347 patients with cysticercosis infection, neurocysticercosis in particular. Cysticercosis prevalence was the highest among young and middle-aged male farmers, and also predominant among the Bai nationality. Three aggregation areas were identified during the period 2000-2014. Hotspot analysis implicated Dali City, Eryuan County and Yangbi County between 2000 and 2007, with areas gradually shifting towards the western and northern parts of the province. The hotspot map indicated that Eryuan County was a constant problem with respect to cysticercosis. The results indicated three cysticercosis clusters in Dali that could be attributed to environmental factors and unhealthy lifestyles. Multi-sectoral control initiatives are, therefore, recommended in these areas to effectively control and prevent cysticercosis among the population.

scholarly journals Public Health Aspects of Human Brucellosis in the Republic of Macedonia

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-111
Author(s):  
Milka Zdravkovska ◽  
Zharko Stojmanovski ◽  
Vaso Taleski ◽  
Svetlana Jovevska ◽  
Velo Markovski
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Human Brucellosis ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Republic Of Macedonia ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Development Tendency ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Background: The Republic of Macedonia is an endemic area where brucellosis is a dominant zoonosis with high morbidity and enormous economic loss.Aim: To determine the incidence rate, prevalence rate and development tendency of infected people with brucellosis in R. Macedonia in the period from 01.01.1999 to 31.12.2009, to register and analyse the epidemiological characteristics of the infected with brucellosis according to gender, age and regional distribution.Materials and methods: The data about the infected people with brucellosis were taken from the register of individual cases as well as monthly and annual reports for infectious diseases prepared by the Institute for Public Health of Republic of Macedonia.Results:  According to the survey the highest number of incidence of human brucellosis in R. Macedonia was found in 2008, 23.94/100,000 people, and the lowest number of infected people was in 2009, about 13.99/100,000 people. Human brucellosis has a decreasing tendency.Conclusion: Human brucellosis remains a public health problem in Republic of Macedonia.

scholarly journals Brucellosis associated with deep vein thrombosis

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilir Tolaj ◽  
Murat Mehmeti ◽  
Hamdi Ramadani ◽  
Jasmina Tolaj ◽  
Kreshnike Dedushi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Human Brucellosis ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
The Past ◽  
Deep Vein

Over the past 10 years more than 700 cases of brucellosis have been reported in Kosovo, which is heavily oriented towards agriculture and animal husbandry. Here, brucellosis is still endemic and represents an uncontrolled public health problem. Human brucellosis may present with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations; among them, vascular complications are uncommon. Hereby we describe the case of a 37-year-old male patient with brucellosis complicated by deep vein thrombosis on his left leg.

scholarly journals First record on Loxosceles laeta (Nicolet, 1849) (Araneae, Sicariidae) in the West Zone of São Paulo City, São Paulo, Brazil, and considerations regarding its geographic distribution

2003 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rute Maria Gonçalves-de-Andrade ◽  
Denise Vilarinho Tambourgi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
First Record ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
The West ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Important Public Health ◽  
Loxosceles Laeta

Loxosceles laeta spiders were captured in the West zone of São Paulo City, this being the first record of the specie in this area. Since loxoscelism is an important public health problem in the South region of Brazil, it is necessary to investigate the presence of this spider in São Paulo City.

scholarly journals Acute respiratory tract infections among hospitalized Palestinian patients: a retrospective study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rania Abu Seir ◽  
Wafa' Njoum ◽  
Rawan Najajrah ◽  
Dania Najjar ◽  
Mariam Ashour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
West Bank ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
The West ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract Background: Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are a major public health concern. This study aims to investigate the profiles and epidemiological characteristics of acute RTIs and respiratory pathogens in Palestinian hospitalized patients. Methods: Clinical samples from hospitalized patients with symptoms of acute RTIs admitted between January 2011 and December 2016 are referred to Palestinian Central Public Health Laboratory (PHCL) to identify the causative pathogen. Patients’ demographic information and the results of the molecular identification were retrieved from the electronic database at the PHCL. The results of the detections were analyzed to explore the distribution of pathogens resulting in hospitalization among patients with RTIs across age, gender, region, year and season. Results: A total of 15413 patients with acute RTIs were hospitalized during the study period. The causal agent was identified only in 28.7% of the patients. Overall, influenza viruses were the most common cause of RTIs among hospitalized Palestinian patients in the West Bank. The elderly population (≥60 years old) had the highest rates. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and Bordetella pertussis (B. pertussis ) followed influenza, respectively. Children showed the highest hospitalization rates for these two infections along with adenovirus, enterovirus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Outbreaks of RTIs occurred mainly during winter (between December and March). Conclusions: Influenza viruses are the major cause acute RTIs among hospitalized patients in the West Bank. Children and elderlies have the highest risk for RTIs. The reoccurrence of B. pertussis in spite of vaccination is alarming and requires further investigation.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance ofSalmonellaIsolated from Animal-Origin Food Items in Gondar, Ethiopia

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mebrat Ejo ◽  
Legesse Garedew ◽  
Zabishwork Alebachew ◽  
Walelgn Worku
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Animal Origin Food ◽  
Minced Meat

Salmonellahas been found to be the major cause of foodborne diseases and a serious public health problem in the world, with an increasing concern for the emergence and spread of antimicrobial-resistant strains. A cross-sectional study was conducted between February 2014 and December 2015 on food items of animal origin to assess the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profiles ofSalmonellaisolates using standard bacteriological methods. The overall prevalence rate of 5.5% was recorded from the total analyzed food items of animal origin.Salmonellaisolates were detected from 12% of raw meat, 8% of minced meat, 2.9% of burger samples, 18% of raw eggs, and 6% of raw milk. Furthermore, antimicrobial susceptibility test identified 47.6% resistantSalmonellaisolates, 28.6% intermediately sensitive isolates, and 23.8% susceptible isolates. AmongSalmonellaisolates tested, 42.6%, 28.6%, and 14.3% were found to be relatively resistant to tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and ampicillin, respectively, while 9.5%–19% were intermediately resistant to tetracycline, amoxicillin, ampicillin, cephalothin, and nitrofurantoin. Therefore, our findings provide the prevalence and drug resistance ofSalmonellafrom foods of animal origin and contribute information to scientists as well as public health researchers to minimize the prevalent and resistant foodborneSalmonellaspecies in Ethiopia.

scholarly journals Brucellosis Epidemiological and Clinical Aspects

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajma Krkić-Dautović ◽  
Snježana Mehanić ◽  
Merdina Ferhatović ◽  
Semra Čavaljuga
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Human Brucellosis ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics ◽  
Prevention Measures

Brucellosis is primarily an animal disease, and in them it passes as an asymptomatic chronic infection. In humans, brucellosis can be acute, sub-acute and/or chronic disease, but its geographical distribution follows the pattern found in animals. After the last war, the first Brucella cases in Bosnia and Herzegovina were reported in 2000, in returnees, owners of donated livestock. The objective of this paper was to address an increased public health problem regarding brucellosis in Bosnia and Herzegovina and to initiate better cooperation among epidemiologists, veterinarians, microbiologists and infectologists and responsible authorities toward elimination and eradication of this severe disease. Retrospective analysis of Brucella case histories and treatment protocols of all the cases hospitalized in Clinic for Infectious Diseases, University of Sarajevo Clinics Center (CCUS) was conducted. All the patients hospitalized between 1 January 2000 and 1 July 2005 were included. The diagnoses were confirmed by laboratory tests, chemo culture or serologically. The Rose Bengal agglutination and ELISA tests were used as laboratory confirmation methods. The number of hospitalized cases over the last 5 years was compared with total number of reported cases in the first 6 months of 2005. The results of this study showed that Brucella infections in humans, compared to other zoonoses, was represented with 11.8%. Brucellosis was the second zoonose in a ranking of zoonotic diseases cases with steady increase in the number of reported cases each year. The number of cases treated in the first 6 months of 2005 already exceeded half of the total number of cases treated in the last 5 years. Human brucellosis is an increasing public health problem in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and it reflects spreading of the same disease in animals. The applied prevention measures have been insufficient, so it is necessary to mobilize all the available resources of human and veterinary medicine, as well as the authorities, microbiological laboratory diagnostics in order to identify foci of epidemics and to try to eliminate and eradicate this complicated disease.

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