scholarly journals Persistence and Degradation Pattern of Acequinocyl and Its Metabolite, Hydroxyl-acequinocyl and Fenpyroximate in Butterburs (Petasites Japonicus Max.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leesun Kim ◽  
Geun-Hyoung Choi ◽  
Hyun Ho Noh ◽  
Taek-Gyum Kim ◽  
Dal-Soon Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Risks ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Double Dose ◽  
Acceptable Daily Intake ◽  
Degradation Pattern ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Minor Crops ◽  
Maximum Residue Levels ◽  
Residue Levels ◽  
Petasites Japonicus

Abstract Degradation patterns and persistence of acequinocyl and its metabolite, hydroxyl-acequinocyl (acequinocyl-OH), and fenpyroximate residues in butterburs (Petasites japonicus Max.), one of the minor crops in Republic of Korea, were investigated during cultivation. Butterburs were planted in two plots (plot A for double dose; plot B for single dose) in a greenhouse. Each pesticide was applied to the foliage of butterburs at hourly intervals. Recoveries of acequinocyl and acequinocyl-OH were 78.6%−84.7% ± relative standard deviation (RSD) 1.9%−4.8% and 83.7%−95.5% ± RSD 1.0%−3.6%, respectively. The total (Ʃ) of acequinocyl residues in butterburs disappeared by 96.0% at 14 days after the final application in plot A and by 75.9% at 7 days in plot B. The biological half-life of the total (Ʃ) acequinocyl and fenpyroximate was 3.0 days and 4.0 days respectively. These results were used for setting maximum residue levels and safe use standards for the pesticide during butterbur cultivation. The risk assessment showed that the maximum % acceptable daily intake was 4.71% for Ʃ acequinocyl and 8.81% for fenpyroximate. The theoretical maximum daily intake of Ʃ acequinocyl and fenpyroximate were 24.02% and 15.24%, respectively, indicating the concentrations of Ʃ acequinocyl and fenpyroximate in butterburs pose no health risks to Koreans.

scholarly journals Health Risks associated with residual pesticide levels in fish reared in purified wastewater from slaughterhouse

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. PELIĆ ◽  
B. KARTALOVIĆ ◽  
M. ŽIVKOV BALOŠ ◽  
M. MIRILOVIĆ ◽  
M. ĐORĐEVIĆ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Risks ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Acceptable Daily Intake ◽  
Slaughterhouse Wastewater ◽  
Fresh Fish ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Previously Treated ◽  
Residual Pesticide ◽  
Carp Fish

The main objective of the present research was to determine the concentrations of the selected pesticides in muscle, liver and skin of common carp. Fish were sampled in two different seasons from fish pond which received previously treated slaughterhouse wastewater. Pesticides including etridiazole, chloroneb, trifluralin, propachlor, chlorothalonil, hexa-chlorocyclopentadiene, atrazine, simazine, alachlor, metribuzin, metolachlor, DCPA, cyanazine, chlorobenzilate, endrin aldehyde, cis permethrin and trans permethrin were determined by using a GS-MS method. Many of pesticides were not determined or determined in low concentrations. Propachlor was found in muscle, skin and liver. The recommended acceptable daily intake was higher in comparison with the estimated daily intake for examined pesticides via fish reared in treated slaughterhouse wastewater. It is very important to maintain the safety of the fresh fish produced in wastewater in order to ensure food safety and avoid health problems in humans.

scholarly journals Use of Dietary Exposure Estimates for Harmonization

1996 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 430-435
Author(s):  
Suzanne C. Fitzpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Safety Standard ◽  
Consumer Safety ◽  
Realistic Possibility ◽  
Maximum Residue Levels ◽  
Residue Levels

Trade problems arise when different maximum residue levels (MRLs) are established for the same compound. This is often interpreted as a difference in the safety evaluation of the residues of the drug. These differences may also result from different agricultural or veterinary practices, different analytes in the monitoring program, or other factors unrelated to the safety assessment. Thus, an important question for deciding the acceptability of an MRL should be whether use of the MRL will result in residues above a country's established acceptable daily intake (ADI). The ADI, rather than the MRL, is the safety standard for the compound because is defined as the amount of residue that can be ingested daily over a consumer's lifetime without appreciable health risk. It is possible to predict whether there is a realistic possibility that uses of a particular MRL will result in a dietary intake that exceeds the ADI. MRLs should be considered “equivalent” for purposes of trade and consumer safety if use of the MRL does not result in residues above a country's ADI.

scholarly journals Detection Of Pendimethalin and Cypermetrin Residues in Locally Produced Tomato Using QuEChERS-HPLC Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
L.B. Abdulra’uf ◽  
F.A. Adeyemo ◽  
F.B. Atanda ◽  
R. Lawal
Keyword(s):  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Hplc Analysis ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Uv Detector ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Detector Method ◽  
Maximum Residue Levels ◽  
Residue Levels

This study investigated the levels of pendimethalin and cypermetrin residues in tomato sold in Malete market, Moro Local Government Area of Kwara State. Tomatoes were randomly collected from five different vendors in Malete market and analysis was performed using the QuEChERS (Quick, Easy Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) method followed by chromatographic analysis using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to ultra-violet (UV) detector. Method validation of the study showed a linearity of the analytes which ranges from 5 – 500 μg/kg, with correlation coefficients greater than 0.999. The average recovery ranges from 75.6 to 111 % with relative standard deviation (RSD) from 2.74 to 9.03 %. The results indicated the presence of cypermethrin in analyzed samples at concentrations lower than the permissible maximum residue levels Keywords: Sample preparation, Pesticide residues, HPLC-UV, QuEChERS.

A Case Study: Harmonization of Veterinary Drug Maximum Residue Levels Between the U.S. and Canada

1996 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 436-444
Author(s):  
Steven D. Brynes ◽  
Richard H. Teske
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
The United States ◽  
Veterinary Drugs ◽  
Evaluation Procedure ◽  
Veterinary Drug ◽  
The Us ◽  
Maximum Residue Levels ◽  
Residue Levels

The Free Trade Agreement between the United States and Canada (FTA) went into effect January 1, 1989. To implement certain provisions of the agreement on technical regulations and standards, the United States Center for Veterinary Medicine, the Canadian Bureau of Veterinary Drugs, and Agriculture Canada established the Working Group on Veterinary Drug Tolerances. The primary charges to the Working Group on Veterinary Drug Tolerances were (1) to harmonize the procedures used for evaluating new animal drugs, performing risk assessments and calculating tolerances, and (2) to harmonize the tolerances (or maximum residue levels, MRLs) for approved drugs, with the goal of having the same tolerances in each country. The first of these charges was met early in the negotiations. Both the US and Canada will use a 6-step evaluation procedure for the human food safety evaluation of new animal drugs. On September 29, 1990, Canada published a list of MRLs for 38 drugs that had been harmonized through the FTA. The progress of the working group and its continuing efforts to harmonize tolerances for approximately 15 other veterinary drugs will be discussed. This paper proposes use of the toxicologically determined acceptable daily intake (ADI) for the drug as the safety standard for reaching conclusions on the acceptability of residues in meat for human consumption. Specifically, the ‘equivalence’ of different MRLs for the same veterinary drug would be determined by considering whether they are likely to result in dietary residues that exceed the other country's ADI for the drug. Estimates are made for the veterinary drugs lasalocid and halofuginone hydrobromide. Based on these estimates, the US and Canadian MRLs for each drug would be considered ‘equivalent’ for trade purposes.

scholarly journals Levels and health risk assessment of organochlorine pesticide residues in vegetables from Yamaltu area in Gombe, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-30
Author(s):  
Mohammad Sulaiman ◽  
Aishatu Maigari ◽  
Janefrances Ihedioha ◽  
Rasheed Lawal ◽  
Abdullahi Gimba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Risks ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Acceptable Daily Intake ◽  
Estimated Daily Intake ◽  
Organochlorine Pesticide Residues ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Almost All

The study determined the levels of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) residues and assesses health risks linked with the consumption of vegetables cultivated in the Yamaltu area in Gombe, Nigeria. OCPs residues were solvent extracted and analyzed with a high performance liquid chromatography equipped with UV/VIS Detector. The mean concentrations of ten detected OCPs residues were almost all above the set limit of EU/WHOMRL. The estimated daily intake of OCPs from samples was below the acceptable daily intake, hazard index estimated were <1, indicated no probable non-carcinogenic health effect, while the carcinogenic health effect showed that children were more vulnerable for the consumption of the contaminated vegetables.

scholarly journals Analysis of Multi-Pesticide Residues and Dietary Risk Assessment in Fresh Tomatoes (Lycopersicum esculentum) from Local Supermarkets of the Metropolitan Region, Chile

Toxics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 249
Author(s):  
Sebastian Elgueta ◽  
Marcela Valenzuela ◽  
Marcela Fuentes ◽  
Pilar Ulloa ◽  
Cecilia Ramos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Dietary Risk ◽  
Fresh Vegetables ◽  
Maximum Residue Levels ◽  
Residue Levels ◽  
Dietary Risk Assessment

In recent years, the official authorities in Chile have reported transgressions in the maximum residue levels of pesticides in fresh vegetables. There is no official information about traceability, pesticide levels, and potential health risks. The aim of this study was to analyse pesticide residues and their corresponding dietary risk assessments in tomatoes from supermarkets in the Metropolitan Region. Pesticides were extracted using the Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe, QuEChERS method, and their concentrations were determined by using chromatography with HPLC-FL/UV and GC-MS/ECD/NPD, following the Analytical Quality Control and Method Validation Procedures for Pesticides Residues Analysis in Food and Feed, SANTE guide and ISO 17025:2017 standard. In addition, a dietary risk assessment was carried out by comparing Chilean data to international references. The results reported that 9% of the samples had pesticide residue levels above the maximum residue levels permitted in Chile. All the scenarios evaluated revealed the highest estimated daily intake and hazard quotients for methamidophos and chlorpyrifos. Both the active substances used were acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and were neurotoxic under chronic risk assessment. The results showed the highest chronic hazard index in the Chilean scenario for all age groups and genders. The evidence obtained revealed that methamidophos, methomyl, and chlorpyrifos should be restricted for their use in Chilean agriculture.

scholarly journals Evaluating Hazards Posed by Additives in Food: A Review of Studies Adopting a Risk Assessment Approach

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arushi Jain ◽  
Pulkit Mathur
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Acceptable Daily Intake ◽  
Sunset Yellow ◽  
Assessment Approach ◽  
Multiple Scenarios

Processing and packaging has increased the use of food additives in the food industry. Some of these additives have associated health risks. This review looks at studies on risk assessment of food additives published between 2000-2015. These studies have majorly focused on synthetic food colors and preservatives like benzoate, sorbate, nitrite and nitrate. Most of the studies have shown that the intake was below the acceptable daily intake (ADI) for average consumers. For extreme consumers (95th percentile), intake was found to be above the ADI or approaching ADI for additives like sunset yellow FCF, erythrosine, tartrazine, sulphite, benzoate and nitrite. It is advisable to look at multiple scenarios of dietary exposure while evaluating risk. A surveillance system which documents adverse effects to food additives as well as monitors risk on a regular basis is important for every country to have. Such data would be beneficial to regulatory authorities as well as the industry in fixing usage levels of the additive in an effort to minimize health risk.

scholarly journals Assessing the Risk of Antibiotic Residues in Milk Produced in the Republic of Armenia

2021 ◽  
pp. 199-202
Author(s):  
D.A. Pipoyan ◽  
M.R. Beglaryan ◽  
G.K. Gharibyan ◽  
A.A. Aghababyan
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Antibiotic Exposure ◽  
Antibiotic Residues ◽  
Acceptable Daily Intake ◽  
Estimated Daily Intake ◽  
Domestic Production ◽  
Human Health Risks ◽  
The Republic

This research sets out to assess both the antibiotic exposure via milk produced in the Republic of Armenia and the associated human health risks. As established, the milk of domestic production contains residual antibiotics (streptomycin, chloramphenicol, tetracyclines). The estimated daily intake (EDI) and the margin of exposure (MOE) for the antibiotics identified upon this research were assessed. It has been indicated that for the population of Yerevan, the daily intake of antibiotics via milk does not exceed the acceptable daily intake (ADI). Moreover, the derived MOE values point to the absence of health risks associated with shop-bought milk.

scholarly journals Dissipation Behavior, Residue, and Risk Assessment of Benziothiazolinone in Apples

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4478
Author(s):  
Yida Chai ◽  
Rong Liu ◽  
Wei He ◽  
Fuliu Xu ◽  
Zenglong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Degradation Behavior ◽  
Acceptable Daily Intake ◽  
Risk Quotient ◽  
Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Final Residue

Benziothiazolinone is the first independently developed fungicide in China. It has been used to effectively control fungal diseases in a variety of fruits, vegetables, and crops. In this study, the degradation behavior and final residue of benziothiazolinone in apples is discussed, and the dietary risk to consumers was evaluated. High-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to determine benziothiazolinone residues in apple samples from eight different regions of China. The average recovery of benziothiazolinone in apples was 85.5–100.2%, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was 0.8–14.9%. The limits of the method of quantification of benziothiazolinone in apples was 0.01 mg/kg. Under good agricultural practices (GAP) conditions, the final residues of benziothiazolinone in apples were below 0.01 mg/kg, lower than the maximum residual limit (MRL) of China. Although the degradation half-lives of benziothiazolinone were 23.9 d–33.0 d, the risk quotient (RQ) of benziothiazolinone was 15.5% by calculating the national estimated daily intake and comparing it with the acceptable daily intake. These results suggested that under GAP conditions, the intake of benziothiazolinone from apples exhibits an acceptably low health risk on consumers.

Risk Assessment of Sulphite Exposure through Foods Among Adolescents of Delhi (India)

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 685-693
Author(s):  
Arushi Jain ◽  
Pulkit Mathur
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Acceptable Daily Intake ◽  
Food Record ◽  
Government Schools ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Permissible Levels

Background: Sulphites added as preservatives in food have been associated with adverse health effects in humans. Objective: The present study was designed with an objective of assessing the risk of sulphite exposure through food in adolescents (12-16 years old) of Delhi, India. Methods: A total of 1030 adolescents selected from four private and four government schools of Delhi, were asked to record their food intake using a 24 hour food record, repeated on three days, for assessing exposure to sulphites. The risk was assessed using six different scenarios of exposure. Results: The actual intake for sulphites for average consumers was 0.15 ± 0.13 mg / kg b.w. / day which was 21.4% of acceptable daily intake (ADI). For high consumers (P95), it was 65% of the ADI. However, for 2 respondents, the actual intake exceeded the ADI. The major food contributors to sulphite intake were beverage concentrates (46%), ready to serve beverages (22%) followed by miscellaneous food items (16%), mainly ice creams and snowballs. Estimation of sulphite intake using different exposure scenarios revealed that for certain scenarios where the highest reported sulphite level or maximum permissible levels were considered for calculation, the high consumers exceeded the ADI, though, for average consumers, intake was well below the ADI. Conclusion: Actual intake of sulphite for average consumers was well below the ADI but for high consumers was approaching the ADI. People with sulphite sensitivity need to be aware of hidden food sources of sulphites.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document