scholarly journals Can environmental regulation solve China's employment dilemma: Empirical analysis based on scale and structure effects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengjie Li ◽  
Weijian Du
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Regulation ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Environmental Regulations ◽  
Employment Structure ◽  
Theoretical Support ◽  
Regulation Policy ◽  
Enterprise Innovation ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Whether the environmental regulation policy can achieve the double dividend of pollution control and employment promotion is a problem worthy of further discussion. This paper studies the effect of environmental regulation on employment scale and employment structure. Based on the matching data, the empirical results show that environmental regulations enhance the employment scale of enterprise. From the perspective of employment structure, labor redistribution, which is caused by environmental regulation, is mainly reflected in the employment creation and employment destruction effects, which lead to the optimization of the employment structure. Further research shows that environmental regulations expand employment scale but have different impacts on the employment structure in the developed and undeveloped regions of China. In addition, internal and external factors, such as enterprise innovation and institutional environment, may affect the relationship of environmental regulation and employment of enterprise. This paper provides theoretical support for the promotion of the construction of ecological civilizations and the solving of the employment dilemma.

scholarly journals Techniques for postmortem tenderisation in meat processing: effectiveness, application and possible mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haibo Shi ◽  
Fereidoon Shahidi ◽  
Jiankang Wang ◽  
Yan Huang ◽  
Ye Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Industry ◽  
Meat Processing ◽  
Protein Biomarkers ◽  
Theoretical Support ◽  
Exogenous Enzymes ◽  
Home Cooking ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Combined Interventions ◽  
Calpain System

Abstract Developing efficient and promising tenderising techniques for postmortem meat is a heavily researched topic among meat scientists as consumers are willing to pay more for guaranteed tender meat. However, emerging tenderising techniques are not broadly used in the meat industry and, to some degree, are controversial due to lack of theoretical support. Thus, understanding the mechanisms involved in postmortem tenderisation is essential. This article first provides an overview of the relationship of ageing tenderisation and calpain system, as well as proteomics applied to identify protein biomarkers characterizing tenderness. In general, the ageing tenderisation is mediated by multiple biochemical activities, and it can exhibit better palatability and commercial benefit by combining other interventions. The calpain system plays a key role in ageing tenderisation functions by rupturing myofibrils and regulating proteolysis, glycolysis, apoptosis and metabolic modification. Additionally, tenderising techniques from different aspects including exogenous enzymes, chemistry, physics and the combined methods are discussed in depth. Particularly, innovation of home cooking could be recommended to prepare relatively tender meat due to its convenience and ease of operation by consumers. Furthermore, the combined interventions provide better performance in controlled tenderness. Finally, future trends in developing new tenderising techniques, and applied consideration in the meat processing industry are proposed in order to improve meat quality with higher economical value. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Analysis of the Azimuth Ambiguity and Imaging Area Restriction for Circular SAR Based on the Back-Projection Algorithm

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (22) ◽  
pp. 4920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bang Du ◽  
Xiaolan Qiu ◽  
Lijia Huang ◽  
Songlin Lei ◽  
Bin Lei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beam Width ◽  
Bp Algorithm ◽  
Projection Algorithm ◽  
Parameter Design ◽  
Observation Angle ◽  
Back Projection ◽  
Theoretical Support ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Small Observation

Circular synthetic aperture radar (CSAR) has a 360° observation capability on the central observation scenario. A typical way to process CSAR imaging is to cut data into small sub-apertures because most targets are only coherent at a very small observation angle. There are many sub-aperture imaging methods after development in recent years. The back-projection algorithm is widely used because it is simple and can be applied to an arbitrary trajectory. Because of the limitation of the Nyquist sampling frequency and influence of the antenna sidelobe, azimuth ambiguity is a phenomenon that may occur in the radar imaging process. The existing researches typically choose the back-projection (BP) imaging area according to the SAR platform flight path and the antenna beam width. The limitation of the CSAR imaging area and its azimuth ambiguity region are rarely analyzed theoretically. This paper focus on the sub-aperture imaging of CSAR, based on the BP algorithm, which derives the relationship of azimuth ambiguity with CSAR parameters such as the pause repeat frequency (PRF), slant range angle, velocity of radar platform, etc. This paper proposes an equation for the calculation of the azimuth ambiguity region and analyzes the limitations, which provides theoretical support for CSAR parameter design, imaging area selection, and azimuth ambiguity analysis.

scholarly journals Pteridine levels and head weights are correlated with age and colony task in the honey bee, Apis mellifera

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank D Rinkevich ◽  
Joseph W Margotta ◽  
Jean M Pittman ◽  
James A Ottea ◽  
Kristen B Healy
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bee ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Temporal Polyethism ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Colony Demography ◽  
Head Weight ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Background. The age of an insect strongly influences many aspects of behavior and reproduction. This interaction is epitomized in the temporal polyethism of honey bees in which young adult bees perform nurse and maintenance duties within the colony, while older bees forage for nectar and pollen. Task transition is dynamic and is driven by colony needs. However, an abundance of precocious foragers or overage nurses may have detrimental effects on the colony. Additionally, honey bee age affects insecticide sensitivity. Therefore, determining the age of an individual honey bee would be important to provide a measurement of colony health. Pteridines are purine-based pigment molecules found in many insect body parts. Pteridine levels correlate well with age, and wild caught insects may be accurately aged by measuring pteridine levels. The relationship between pteridines and age varies with a number of internal and external factors among many species. Thus far, no studies have investigated the relationship of pteridines with age in honey bees. Methods. We established single-cohort colonies to obtain age-matched nurse and forager bees. Nurses and foragers were collected every 3-5 days for up to 42 days. Heads were removed and weighed before pteridines were purified and analyzed using previously established fluorometric methods. Results. Our analysis showed that pteridine levels were higher in foragers than nurses of the same age, and pteridine levels significantly increased with age in a linear manner. Head weight significantly varied with age increasing until approximately 28 days of age, then declining thereafter for both nurse and forager bees. Discussion. Although the relationship between pteridine levels and age was significant, a large amount of variation in the data yielded an 8-day window in age estimation. This allows an unambiguous method to determine whether a bee may be a young nurse or old forager. Pteridine levels in bees do not correlate with age as well as in other insects. However, most studies used insects reared under tightly controlled laboratory conditions, while we used free-living bees. The dynamics of head weight change with age is likely to be due to growth and atrophy of the hypopharyngeal glands. Taken together, these methods represent a useful tool for assessing colony demography after a colony experiences a stress event. Future studies utilizing these methods will provide a more holistic view of colony health.

scholarly journals Does Environmental Regulation Repress the International R&D Spillover Effect? Evidence from China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 4353
Author(s):  
Chengliang Liu ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Qingbin Guo
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Regulation ◽  
Open Economy ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Yangtze River Delta ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Policy Suggestions ◽  
Economic Regions ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Import Trade ◽  
The Relationship

The inconsistent direction between environmental regulation and technological progress is receiving increasing attention, but scholars have neglected the relationship between the two in the open economy. Against this background and based on the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2003 to 2015, we examined the effect of environmental regulation on the international research and development (R&D) spillover effect and its regional differences in three economic regions: The Bohai Rim, Pan-Yangtze River Delta, and Pan-Pearl River Delta economic regions. The results show that (1) at China’s macro level, and at that of the three economic regions, the level of environmental regulation and international R&D spillover from import trade or foreign direct investment channels show an inverted N relationship; that is, in all provinces the weak environmental regulation initially inhibited the international technology spillover. However, as the intensity of environmental regulation increased, the level of international R&D spillovers continually rose, but overly harsh environmental regulation was not conducive to the overflow of international technology; (2) the adoption of different environmental regulations will affect the international R&D spillover effect and the inverted N relationship of environmental regulation, thus changing the inflection point of environmental regulation; and (3) currently, the level of environmental regulation is relatively low, as most provinces have not yet broken through the first turning point of the inverted N, and only a few provinces are within the rising stage of the inverted N curve. This paper provides corresponding policy suggestions according to the above conclusions.

How shareholder resources impact on the allocation of control power: example of China Vanke

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Gao ◽  
Jinnan Song ◽  
Jiajuan Liang ◽  
Jianxiao Guo
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Listed Company ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Control Rights ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Control Power ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose This paper aims to explore the influence of founder shareholders’ resources on the allocation of control rights from the perspective of incomplete contract theory and resource-based theory. Design/methodology/approach This paper analyzes newspaper materials with NVivo11on a case of battle for corporate control in Chinese top-listed company-Vanke Group. Findings The research shows that human capital is the key resource and the holding proportion of financial resources directly affects the allocation of control rights. At the same time, social capital is unstable and easily broken. At last, institutional environment also affects the degree between the relationship of founder shareholders’ resources and the allocation of control rights. The influence of founder-shareholder resources on the allocation of control rights follows the path of “crisis – founder-shareholder’s resources – founder’s ability - allocation of control rights.” Research limitations/implications This study only selects the financial capital, human capital and social capital of Shi Wang, the founder of Vanke, as the analysis object. The study can expand the types of founder shareholder resources to verify and enrich the conclusions. Originality/value The current theoretical research in the literature focuses on the necessity of equity and shareholder’s resources versus the control rights. Some key factors and mechanism on the relationship have not been fully clarified. The results of this paper not only extend the combination research of social network and corporate governance, but also provide enterprise founders with references for making reasonable decisions during control battle.

Theories and Applications of Pulsed-Jet Drilling With Mechanical Specific Energy

SPE Journal ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (01) ◽  
pp. 303-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Minghui ◽  
Li Gensheng ◽  
Shi Huaizhong ◽  
Shi Shuaishuai ◽  
Li Zhaokun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Energy ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Cleaning Efficiency ◽  
Pulsed Jet ◽  
Mechanical Specific Energy ◽  
Main Work ◽  
Theoretical Support ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Conventional Drilling

Summary Mechanical specific energy (MSE) is the amount of energy required to destroy a unit volume of rock. The main work of this study is to bring the hydraulic energy of a pulsed jet into an MSE model and further analyze the mechanism of improving the rate of penetration (ROP) for pulsed-jet drilling on the basis of the model. Laboratory experiments are used to obtain the relationship of bit hydraulic horsepower between pulsed jet and continuous jet, and then the MSE model of pulsed-jet drilling is established. According to the MSE theory, the major mechanisms of improving ROP in pulsed-jet drilling are changing the breaking strength of rock and improvement of downhole-cuttings-cleaning efficiency. Field tests and data presented in this study showed that this model could be used to evaluate drilling efficiency and identify abnormal conditions for pulsed-jet drilling. All tests were operated with similar parameters and on the same drilled formation. The field results illuminate that pulsed-jet drilling has higher drilling efficiency compared with conventional drilling. Moreover, the specific patterns for abnormal conditions can be detected in real time in the process of pulsed-jet drilling. This model is less ambiguous as well as robust. Therefore, it could provide theoretical support for the wide application of pulsed-jet drilling.

scholarly journals Business Ascendancy and Economic Impasse: A Structural Retrospective on Conservative Economics, 1979–87

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Bowles ◽  
David M Gordon ◽  
Thomas E Weisskopf
Keyword(s):  
Structural Model ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Ronald Reagan ◽  
Underlying Structure ◽  
Social Structural ◽  
Key Dimensions ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Quantitative Indicators ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
History Books

Conservatives have been waging economic revolution since the late Carter years. Have they succeeded? Ronald Reagan and the early architects sought their place in the history books as institutional innovators, not economic tinkerers. Viewed in this perspective, the conservative economic agenda has sought—and is often recognized as an attempt—to change the rules of the game. One might therefore properly ask: Did conservative economic leadership under Paul Volcker and Ronald Reagan succeed in transforming the underlying structure of the U.S. economy? If so, what have been the macroeconomic effects of this transformation? Answering this question requires a somewhat unusual economic model, one which identifies and develops quantitative indicators of the key dimensions of the institutional environment of the economy and estimates the relationship of these dimensions to the behavior of key economic variables such as profitability and investment. We present here such a social structural model of macroeconomic performance.

scholarly journals Proposing a theoretical framework to investigate the relationships between an organization and its environment

2007 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Corrêa Gomes ◽  
Luciana de Oliveira Miranda Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Resource Dependence ◽  
Open Systems ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Theoretical Support ◽  
External Agents ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This paper proposes a theoretical framework for investigating stakeholder theory in organizations. The organizations theory can be understood in three theoretical models: rationalist, natural and open systems. These models are presented to justify that organizations should be analyzed taking into account that social system aspects and the natural and open system models are employed. The applications of this paper rely upon the theoretical framework which is based on an extensive literature review comprising environment based theories. This paper would be of help to researchers examining the whole set of the relationship of organizations with their environment instead of only the relationships with external agents. Employing the theoretical basis presented in this analysis, the researcher will be able to identify both feasible theoretical sources for his/her studies and useful approaches for carrying on his/her investigations. The paper presents theories for explaining the organization's behavior and performance as being influenced by stakeholders who inhabit its environment. Resource dependence and institutional theory are employed to give theoretical support to the stakeholder. At the end of the paper, a diagram representing the theoretical framework is presented.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF THE INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT ON THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Ekonomika ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 141-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vidmantas Jankauskas ◽  
Janina Šeputienė
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Development Institutions ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Openness To Trade ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Economic literature recognizes three “deep determinants” of economic development: institutions, geography and openness to trade. Discussion in the literature focuses on what part of the income per capita variation can be explained by institutions, geography and openness to trade. The empirical results can’t offer a clear answer, but there is a broader agreement in the literature that institutions play a more important role than geography and openness to trade. What is unclear whether the institutions also can explain variation in per capita income across countries, in which institutional environment is to some degree similar..This article aims to explore and quantify the relationship of the income level with institutional environment, geography and openness to trade across countries, grouped according their institutional environment quality.The results reveal that extent to which the variation in GDP per capita can be associated with the quality of institutional environment differs a lot between good and bad institutional environment samples. The results in good institutional environment sample come in line with series of studies in which the strong and positive link between various measures of institutions and economic development was established and support primacy of institutions over openness to trade and geography. I In bad institutional environment sample, on the contrary,no evidence was found that institutions mean a lot in respect of differences in GDP per capita. These results should not be interpreted so as to mean that institutional environment is not important, rather the degree of “badness” makes no difference.

scholarly journals Pteridine levels and head weights are correlated with age and colony task in the honey bee, Apis mellifera

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank D Rinkevich ◽  
Joseph W Margotta ◽  
Jean M Pittman ◽  
James A Ottea ◽  
Kristen B Healy
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bee ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Temporal Polyethism ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Colony Demography ◽  
Head Weight ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Background. The age of an insect strongly influences many aspects of behavior and reproduction. This interaction is epitomized in the temporal polyethism of honey bees in which young adult bees perform nurse and maintenance duties within the colony, while older bees forage for nectar and pollen. Task transition is dynamic and is driven by colony needs. However, an abundance of precocious foragers or overage nurses may have detrimental effects on the colony. Additionally, honey bee age affects insecticide sensitivity. Therefore, determining the age of an individual honey bee would be important to provide a measurement of colony health. Pteridines are purine-based pigment molecules found in many insect body parts. Pteridine levels correlate well with age, and wild caught insects may be accurately aged by measuring pteridine levels. The relationship between pteridines and age varies with a number of internal and external factors among many species. Thus far, no studies have investigated the relationship of pteridines with age in honey bees. Methods. We established single-cohort colonies to obtain age-matched nurse and forager bees. Nurses and foragers were collected every 3-5 days for up to 42 days. Heads were removed and weighed before pteridines were purified and analyzed using previously established fluorometric methods. Results. Our analysis showed that pteridine levels were higher in foragers than nurses of the same age, and pteridine levels significantly increased with age in a linear manner. Head weight significantly varied with age increasing until approximately 28 days of age, then declining thereafter for both nurse and forager bees. Discussion. Although the relationship between pteridine levels and age was significant, a large amount of variation in the data yielded an 8-day window in age estimation. This allows an unambiguous method to determine whether a bee may be a young nurse or old forager. Pteridine levels in bees do not correlate with age as well as in other insects. However, most studies used insects reared under tightly controlled laboratory conditions, while we used free-living bees. The dynamics of head weight change with age is likely to be due to growth and atrophy of the hypopharyngeal glands. Taken together, these methods represent a useful tool for assessing colony demography after a colony experiences a stress event. Future studies utilizing these methods will provide a more holistic view of colony health.

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