scholarly journals Effect of dried Bacillus subtilis culture on growth, body composition and hepatic lipogenic enzyme activity in female broiler chicks

1995 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Santoso ◽  
K. Tanaka ◽  
S. Ohtani
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Lipogenic Enzyme ◽  
Treatment Groups

To investigate the effect of dried Bacillus subtilis culture on growth, body composition and hepatic lipogenic enzyme activity, female broiler chicks were fed on either no additive (control) or dried B. subtills-culture-supplemented commercial diets (215 g crude protein/kg, 12.85 MJ metabolizable energy/kg) at 10 or 20 g/kg diet for 28 d from 14 to 42 d of age. Body weight, and moisture, fat, protein and ash contents of the body were not influenced by the B. subtilis culture. Feed efficiency. N utilization, the ratio of abdominal fat or liver to body weight, acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (EC 6·4·1·2) activity, liver and serum cholesterol contents were significantly lower in treatment groups, while fatty acid synthetase activity and serum cholesterol concentration were not significantly different, compared with the control group. Liver triacylglycerol concentration was decreased in chicks given 20 g culture·kg diet, while serum and carcass triacylglycerol concentrations were significantly lower in treatment groups than in the control group. Serum phospholipid concentration was increased but carcass phospholipid concentration was decreased in chicks given 20 g B. subtilis/kg diet, while liver phospholipid concentration was not significantly influenced. The advantages of inclusion of B. subtilis to the broiler diet included improved feed efficiency, less abdominal fat, reduced triacylglycerol concentrations in the liver, serum and carcass and reduced cholesterol concentrations in the liver and carcass.

scholarly journals Probiotic feeding effect of Bacillus subtilis on broilers chicks’ microflora, TLRs and interleukin gene expression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaigui Wang ◽  
Ru Yang ◽  
Salman Khan ◽  
Chunjie wei ◽  
Hu Qian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Protease Activity ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Treatment Groups

Abstract The broiler chicks provide the major portion of daily food items. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of Bacillus subtilis (BS) on broiler chicken gut microflora diversity, digestive enzyme activity and expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs). A total of 240 crossbred broiler chickens were randomly allocated into 4 groups with 3 replicates. The groups were named as control group (basal diet, BD), group Ⅰ (BD with 300 g/d BS,1.08×107 CFU/kg), group Ⅱ (BD with 600 g/d BS, 2.16×107 CFU/kg), and group Ⅲ (BD with 900 g/d BS, 3.24×107 CFU/kg). Samples were collected at the 21st day. The difference of α diversity and β diversity between control group and treatment groups were not significant, but the abundance of some microorganisms in the treatment groups were improved, and the core microorganisms were different between groups. In comparison of control group, the protease activity in ileum of experimental groups was significantly increased (p < 0.05). Protease activity in ileum of group Ⅱ and Ⅲ was improved by 22.59% (p < 0.01) and 14.49% (p < 0.05). The amylase activity in ileum of treatment groups were also significantly increased (p < 0.05). Amylase activity of group Ⅱ was increased by 41.85% (p < 0.01) in comparison to control, group Ⅰ and Ⅲ. Expression of TLR1A and TLR7 in the jejunum and caecum of treatment groups were significantly up-regulated while their expression in ileum was decreased. Similarly, the expression of TLR1B gene was significantly improved in the ileum, and down regulated in the cecum. Transcription levels of TLR2A and MyD88 in jejunum, liver, spleen and kidney were significantly increased, but their expression was significantly lower in the ileum and cecum. The TLR2B, TLR3, TLR4, TLR15, TLR21 expression were also significantly modulated in various organ of broiler chicken. The most important inflammatory factor such as IL-1β expressions in spleen and kidney were significantly increased in the current data. Bacillus subtilis could not regulate the caecal microflora diversity, but improved amount of some gut probiotics such as lactobacillus, the digestive enzyme activity, regulate some immunogenic expressions and enhance the immune capacity of animal. We hope that the impact of this data will explore the diseases control and feeding quality of broiler chicks at industrial level.

scholarly journals Probiotic feeding effect of Bacillus subtilis on broilers chicks’ microflora, TLRs and interleukin gene expression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salman Khan ◽  
Ru Yang ◽  
Chunjie wei ◽  
Anam Khalid ◽  
Zaigui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Protease Activity ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Treatment Groups

Abstract Background The broiler chicks provide the major portion of daily food items. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of Bacillus subtilis on broiler chicken gut microflora diversity, digestive enzyme activity and expression of Toll-like receptors. A total of 240 crossbred broiler chickens were randomly allocated into 4 groups with 3 replicates. The groups were named as control group (basal diet), group Ⅰ (BD with 300 g/d BS,1.08×107 CFU/kg), group Ⅱ (BD with 600 g/d BS, 2.16×107 CFU/kg), and group Ⅲ (BD with 900 g/d BS, 3.24×107 CFU/kg). Samples were collected at the 21st day. The difference of α diversity and β diversity between control group and treatment groups were not significant, but the abundance of some microorganisms in the treatment groups were improved, and the core microorganisms were different between groups. Results In comparison of control group, the protease activity in ileum of experimental groups was significantly increased (p < 0.05). Protease activity in ileum of group Ⅱ and Ⅲ was improved by 22.59% (p < 0.01) and 14.49% (p < 0.05). The amylase activity in ileum of treatment groups were also significantly increased (p < 0.05). Amylase activity of group Ⅱ was increased by 41.85% (p < 0.01) in comparison to control, group Ⅰ and Ⅲ. Expression of TLR1A and TLR7 in the jejunum and caecum of treatment groups were significantly up-regulated while their expression in ileum was decreased. Similarly, the expression of TLR1B gene was significantly improved in the ileum, and down regulated in the cecum. Transcription levels of TLR2A and MyD88 in jejunum, liver, spleen and kidney were significantly increased, but their expression was significantly lower in the ileum and cecum. The TLR2B, TLR3, TLR4, TLR15, TLR21, IL- β expression in spleen and kidney were also significantly modulated in various organ of broiler chicken. Conclusion Bacillus subtilis could not regulate the caecal microflora diversity, but improved amount of some gut probiotics such as lactobacillus, the digestive enzyme activity, regulate some immunogenic expressions and enhance the immune capacity of animal. We hope that the impact of this data will explore the diseases control and feeding quality of broiler chicks at industrial level.

scholarly journals Administration of garlic and neem in broiler diet for safe meat production

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-126
Author(s):  
R Islam ◽  
MM Hossain ◽  
F Nargis ◽  
ME Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Broiler Production

This study was conducted to observe the effect of different administration method of garlic and neem on growth performances, feed efficiency and serum biochemical parameters for safe broiler production. The experiment was done for a period of 32 days with 384 one-day-old straight run broiler chicks. The broiler chicks were divided into six groups each of 64 birds and replicated to four subgroups each of 16 birds. The dietary groups were; control (basal diet; no additives), antibiotic (basal diet + antibiotic), garlic in feed (basal diet + 0.25% garlic powder), garlic in water (basal diet + garlic extracts), neem in feed (basal diet + 0.25% neem powder) and neem in water (basal diet + neem extracts). Results showed that the body weight and body weight gain increased significantly (P<0.05) in both the garlic and neem groups compared to the control group. Feed intake was not different (P>0.05) among the treatment groups. Garlic in feed and water and neem in feed groups showed better FCR (P<0.05) compared to the other treatment groups. There were no significant (P>0.05) difference in meat yield, bone development and dressing parameters except head and gizzard in different dietary groups. Supplementation of garlic with feed and water significantly (P<0.05) decrease cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL compared to the other groups. However, both the garlic and neem groups showed numerically higher HDL compare to the control group. There were no 0significant (P>0.05) differences in serum glucose and GPT among different treatment groups. GOT was significantly (P<0.05) lower in neem groups than that of garlic and antibiotic groups. Additive groups showed higher profitability than control group. Based on the results of the study, it may be suggested that the garlic and neem could be used both in feed and water as potential feed additives for safe broiler production. Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2019. 48 (2): 116-126

The effect of apple cider vinegar and mushroom stalk supplementation on laying hens

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Musa Karaalp ◽  
Vecihi Aksakal ◽  
Sevim Beyza Ozturk Sarikaya ◽  
Hilal Urusan ◽  
Bahri Bayram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Agaricus Bisporus ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Apple Cider ◽  
Treatment Groups

The aim of this trial was to study the effects of consuming water with apple cider vinegar (ACV) and feed including mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) stalk (MS) on performance and certain egg characteristics. The hens were separated into four treatment groups (with 4 replicates and 6 hens per replicate). The experimental groups were control (not consumed ACV and MS), ACV (3 ml/l drinking water), MS (20 g/kg feed) and ACV+MS (combination). At the end of the experiment, among the performance criteria tested, body weight, feed intake, egg production and weight of eggs, and feed efficiency were not affected by the treatments (P>0.05). Treatments had no effect on physical external and internal egg characteristics. The amount of yolk malondialdehyde of the ACV and MS groups was lower than the control group (P Less then 0.05) in stored eggs (28 d) (P Less then 0.05).

scholarly journals Use of probiotics instead of antibiotics in broiler production

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-370
Author(s):  
MJ Alam ◽  
Z Ferdaushi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Finisher Diets

Effects of different available commercial probiotics on growth performance and blood parameters were evaluated. To achieve the objectives, a total of 198 one-day-old Hubbard Isa Starbro broiler chicks were raised over 28 days. Chicks were wing-banded, weighed individually and randomly allocated into six equally major groups each having three replicates. Broilers of group T1 (control group) were fed the starter and finisher diets. The broilers of groups T2 was fed the control starter and finisher diets supplemented with antibiotic and groups T3-T5 were fed 4 different commercially available probiotics (T3-Guardizen-M, T4-Protexin and T5-Poultry star sol in drinking water. Weekly body weight, feed consumption and feed conversion were recorded during experimental period. Blood parameters at 4 weeks of age including packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb), total protein, albumin, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein (HDL), uric acid, cholesterol, glucose, intestinal microflora, pH and color properties of meat were determined. All birds were kept under similar environmental, managerial and hygienic conditions. Probiotic supplementation significantly increased the body weight and daily weight gain of broiler chicks at 28 days (p<0.05). Improved feed conversion was noticed in birds fed a diet supplemented with probiotic. The effects of probiotics on carcass and some internal organs were measured and results shows that feeding broilers with probiotics have significant effects (P < 0.05) on dressed carcass weight, abdominal fat, breast, thigh and liver while it appeared insignificant on gizzard (P> 0.05). The lower percent of abdominal fat and the higher percent of dressed carcass, breast and thigh were observed in experimental probiotic(s) groups. pH and meat color did not affect among treatments. There was lower mortality rate in probiotics among groups. Moreover, there was no significant change for Hb, PCV, total protein and albumin concentrations among different groups. Also, total protein, lipids and albumin concentrations were not affected by probiotic(s) supplementation. In addition, different probiotics showed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in triglycerides, cholesterol and uric acid concentration compared to control group. Birds supplemented with probiotics had higher number of lactobacilli but lower number of colibacilli compared to the control. It can be concluded that use of selected commercial probiotic(s) resulted in improved growth performance and carcass yields, and reduced serum cholesterol and uric acid in broiler chickens. Moreover, supplementation of the probiotic(s) to broilers had no detrimental effect on their growth performance and blood parameters. Therefore, usage of these probiotic(s) bacteria as antibiotic alternatives in poultry nutrition can be recommended. Progressive Agriculture 29 (4): 359-370, 2018

scholarly journals Erkek ve Dişi Çakşır (Ferula eleaochytris) Kökü Tozunun Etlik Piliçlerde Büyüme Performansı ve Karkas Özellikleri Üzerine Etkisi

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Metin Duru ◽  
Ahmet Şahin
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Commercial Broiler ◽  
Body Components

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary addition of male and female Ferula eleaochytris powder (FEP) on growth performance and body components of broilers (Ross-308). Treatment groups were allocated to 5 dietary in which 0 (control), 5 g and 10 g male FEP, 5 g and 10 g female FEP doses per kg commercial broiler diet. In total, 80 male broiler chicks (1-d old) in which 16 animals in each group were used in study. Body weight gain and feed intake were monitored weekly for 6 weeks. Forty two days old broiler chicks were slaughtered to determine the possible changes in body components. The results of the study indicated that FEP had no effect on any parameters. However; the weight of the control group gave higher values than 5 g male Ferula group. In conclusion the measured parameters had no effect between all groups.

scholarly journals The Effect of Whey on Performance, Gut Health and Bone Morphology Parameters in Broiler Chicks

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 588
Author(s):  
Vasileios Tsiouris ◽  
Michael G. Kontominas ◽  
Giorgos Filioussis ◽  
Sofia Chalvatzi ◽  
Ilias Giannenas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Bone Morphology ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Poultry Diets

Whey is a highly nutritious byproduct of the cheese industry that can be used effectively in the animal feed industry. However, the use of whey in poultry diets is limited by its high lactose and mineral contents. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of whey in poultry diets on the performance, intestinal microbiota and physico-chemical parameters of the intestinal ecosystem, as well as on the bone morphology and its strength in broiler chicks. One hundred and twenty-eight, day-old, male broiler chicks were randomly allocated into four treatment groups of 32 chicks each. The treatment groups were: group A, which served as negative control and groups B, C and D, supplemented with 1, 2 and 5% of dietary whey, respectively. Performance of the groups was evaluated throughout the experiment. Following necropsies, the gastrointestinal tract from each bird was removed, divided into its anatomical parts and intestinal samples were taken for microbiological analysis and for pH and viscosity measurement as well. Tibiotarsus was also collected for morphometric analysis and strength evaluation. The statistical analysis of the experimental data revealed that the dietary supplementation of 1 and 2% of whey improved significantly (p ≤ 0.05) the body weight, while the addition of 5% of whey reduced significantly (p ≤ 0.05) the body weight. Furthermore, the addition of 1, 2 and 5% of dietary whey increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) the pH of jejunum digesta and reduced significantly (p ≤ 0.05) the pH of caecum digesta compared to the control group. The addition of 1 and 2% of whey reduced significantly (p ≤ 0.05) the viscosity in the jejunum and ileum digesta, compared to the addition of 5% of whey which reduced significantly (p ≤ 0.05) the viscosity in jejunum digesta but increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) the viscosity in ileum digesta. Moreover, the addition of 1, 2 and 5% of dietary whey increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) the caecal counts of Lactobacillus spp. and Lactococcus lactis, while the addition of 5% of whey reduced significantly (p ≤ 0.05) the tibiotarsus length. It can be concluded that the addition of low quantities of whey up to 2% promoted the performance and gut health of birds, while the addition of higher quantities of whey at the level of 5% had a detrimental effect on the performance and tibiotarsus length.

scholarly journals Effects of the Ratio of Dietary Fish Meal to Soybean Meal on the Performance of Broiler Chicks

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
Nwe Nwe Htin ◽  
May Phyo Chit
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Dietary Fish

A completely randomized design (CRD) was used with a total of 160 day-old commercial broiler chicks which were randomly assigned to four treatment groups with five replicates into 20 pens and brooded. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. From day old chick to 21 day, the broiler chicks were fed Diet 1 (5% fish meal and 25% soybean meal, 1: 5), Diet 2 (3% fish meal and 30% soybean meal, 1: 10) was served as control diet, Diet 3 (2% fish meal and 30% soybean meal, 1: 15) and Diet 4 (1.5% fish meal and 30% soybean meal, 1: 20). From day 22 onwards, the broiler chicks were fed finisher diet, Diet 1 (5% fish meal and 25% soybean meal, 1: 5), Diet 2 (2.6% fish meal and 26% soybean meal, 1: 10, serve as control diet, Diet 3 (1.8% fish meal and 27% soybean meal, 1: 15) and Diet 4 (1.3% fish meal and 26% soybean meal, 1: 20). Weekly performances and mortality are measured. By feeding FS5 diet (5% fish meal and 25% soybean meal), the heavier body weight, increased feed consumption and feed conversion ratio of broiler chicks was observed when compared to that of other treatment groups. Conclusively, it is obvious that the ratio of dietary fish meal to soybean meal 1: 5 (FS5) improved body weight but the lower feed efficiency of this diet should be considered in economical point of view.

scholarly journals The Effect of Venom of Egyptian Spitting Cobra Naja nubiae on Vascular Permeability of Hepatic and Renal Tissues

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
Asmaa Saad Mahmoud Shokhba ◽  
Mohamed A. Abdel-Rahman ◽  
Mohammed Alaa El-Deen A. Omran ◽  
Nahla Soliman El-Shenawy
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Vascular Permeability ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Colorimetric Determination ◽  
Crude Venom ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Renal Vascular

Background: Among venomous elapid snakes, cobras have the highest public awareness, as their venom represents a combination of proteins, peptides, and enzymes that have a range of biochemical and pharmacological roles and are also the main constitutes of biological activity and lethal toxicity. Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of the venom of Egyptian Spitting Cobra, Naja nubiae, on the vascular permeability based on the extravasation of the azo dye Evans blue (EB) into the tissues of the liver and kidneys of animals envenomed with low (¼ LD50; 0.32 mg/kg) and high (½ LD50; 0.65 mg/ kg) doses at three sampling times (30, 120, 360 min) post-injection of the venom. Methods: Fifty-four adult male Albino rats (8 weeks old and 180±2 0 g body weight) were divided into three main groups (n=6). In the control group, rats were subcutaneously (SC) injected with saline solution. Envenomed groups were SC injected, one group with 0.32 mg/kg and the other group with 0.65 mg/kg body weight of crude venom, respectively. Rats were I.V injected with EB dye 20 minutes before SC injection with saline solution as control animals and with Naja nubiae venom as treatment groups. Results: The results illustrated a high significant rate of EB extravasation to hepatic and renal tissues by the colorimetric determination of EB dye concentration. Conclusion: The venom of Naja nubiae can cause increased hepatic and renal vascular permeability which may explain the inflammatory effect induced by this venom.

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