scholarly journals Effect of positive and negative interface trap charges on the performance of M-FinFET and its RF/linearity analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rinku Rani Das ◽  
Atanu Chowdhury ◽  
Apurba Chakroborty ◽  
Santanu Maity
Keyword(s):  
Semiconductor Device ◽  
Cmos Technology ◽  
The Other ◽  
Interface Trap ◽  
Trap Concentration ◽  
Device Efficiency ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
Intrinsic Gain ◽  
Trap Charges

Abstract Multiple Fins structured FinFET (M-FinFET) is a promising semiconductor device for future improvisation of CMOS technology. In this paper, we investigate the impact of interface trap charges (positive and negative trap) at the HfO2/Si interface in M-FinFET for the first time. The various important DC attributes, RF/analog, and linearity metrics are studied in presence and absence of traps. Simultaneously, the various trap concentration effect on the characteristics of M-FinFET are also observed. The results show that the introduction of interface trap charges (ITC) has optimized the ON current, OFF current, and also improves sub-threshold swing (SS) characteristics as compared to no trap condition. It is observed that positive trap having trap concentration of 1012/cm2 enhances the ION ~5.14x, SS by 44.75%, and various important RF/analog parameter such as transconductance (Gm) improves by a factor 5, device efficiency by 7.4% and intrinsic gain (Av) 80.4%. On the other hand, linearity parameters like VIP2, VIP3 and 1 dB compression point show better performance in presence of positive and negative trap.

scholarly journals A place too crowded to study: The impact of student cohort growth on the probability of university dropout

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-212
Author(s):  
Andrea Diem ◽  
Stefan C. Wolter
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
The Other ◽  
University System ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
The Us ◽  
University Dropout ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
Course Of Study

Introduction: This study examines the influence of major fluctuations in the number of students enrolling at university on the probability of dropout or a switch to a different course of study. Findings from the US show that a pronounced increase in student numbers leads to more dropouts. Materials and methods: This article provides an analysis of this relationship for the first time outside the US and for an entire university system. We use administrative data for all the students who started studying at Swiss universities between 1980 and 2001. Results: The results suggest a significant relationship between positive cohort growth and the probability of dropout. A reduction in student numbers, on the other hand, does not increase the probability of persistence. Discussion: Despite the negative influence of a big cohort on the probability of persistence, no statistically significant relationship exists, by contrast, between the change in student numbers and the probability of a student switching to a different course of study.

scholarly journals Airport Railroad Service Kualanamu Elasticity (Airport Railink Service)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-33
Author(s):  
Mariana Diah Puspitasari ◽  
Dedik Tri Istiantara
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
The Other ◽  
Demand Elasticity ◽  
Private Company ◽  
Train Station ◽  
Ticket Price ◽  
International Airport ◽  
Link Service ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

In July 25th, 2013 Indonesia for the first time provided rail link service from and to an airport. It particularly was operated from and to Kualanamu International Airport (KNIA), Deli Serdang, North Sumatera, which was also operated for the first time on that date. Managing the airport rail link service, a private company namely PT. Railink basically is the subsidiary company of PT. Angkasa Pura II (Persero) and PT. Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero). The price of train ticket, in fact, is getting higher as time goes by. It is noted that the ticket price has increased from IDR 80K to IDR 100K since January 15th, 2015. Concerning this situation, this study is conducted to investigate the demand elasticity of the airport rail link service from and to Kualanamu International Airport as well as factors in taking the airport rail link. The result of the study reveals that the demand of airport rail link service as the impact of the increasing of the ticket price is inelastic since its value of elasticity reaches -0.38. The other result, moreover, finds six reasons influencing people to go with airport rail link: comfort, punctuality, speed or travel time, practicality, access to train station, and other modes’ tariff.

Comparison of Failure for HBM ESD Testers Meeting ANSI/ESD S-5.1 or the New ESDA Standard Test Method and JEDEC Standard

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred Khosropour ◽  
Colin Hatchard ◽  
Ian Morgan ◽  
Leo G. Henry
Keyword(s):  
Cmos Technology ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Physical Analysis ◽  
Human Body Model ◽  
Standard Test Method ◽  
Technology Products ◽  
Discharge Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

Abstract The ESD Association standard ANSI/ESDA S-5.1 1993 for testing sensitivity to the Human Body Model (HBM) 1 forms the basis around which the majority of automated HBM ESD simulators have been constructed. As device pin counts increase it is unlikely that new larger simulators for > 512 pins will be capable of meeting this standard 2, since increased parasitics will increase the effective socket (stray) capacitance. However, such larger HBM simulators are expected to meet both the JEDEC Standard JESD-22-114A, 1997 3 and the newly issued ESDA Standard Test Method, ESD STM 5.1, 19984. This paper begins to evaluate the several questions regarding the correlation of HBM Withstand Voltage when used to characterize state-of-the-art semiconductor IC's, between simulators meeting the (NEW) standards JESD 22, ESD STM- 5.1 and those existing simulators presently in daily use, which typically meet the (OLD) ESDA S-5.1. This paper for the first time investigates the impact of "effective" socket capacitance in the same tester; i.e., with the same discharge model and the same pin selection mechanism. The experimental investigation was based on stressing three different sub-micron CMOS technology products; firstly on a simulator meeting the OLD standard and then on a modified version of this simulator meeting the NEW standards. Electrical properties of damaged pins and physical analysis was used to establish common Failure Signatures5 for the two mother boards.

scholarly journals Bruno Schulz – mistrz, inspirator czy literacki ojciec Jerzego Ficowskiego

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 134-144
Author(s):  
Malwina Wapińska
Keyword(s):  
Paul Ricoeur ◽  
The Other ◽  
Literary Biography ◽  
Harold Bloom ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Anxiety Of Influence ◽  
Unique Nature ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
Bruno Schulz

Bruno Schulz – master, inspiration or literary father for Jerzy Ficowski This article explores the artistic relationship between Jerzy Ficowski and Bruno Schulz. For the first time Ficowski came across Schulz’s The Cinnamon Shops in 1942, as a 17 year old adolescent. He remembered that first reading as a moment of epiphany which occurred to be crucial to the whole further Ficowski’s literary biography. The young poet hailed the author of The Cinnamon Shops as his great master, the only one who dared to express the true importance of myth to the artistic imagination in such an unique way. The influence of Schulz’s prose on Ficowski’s poetry was unquestionable. However, this does not mean that Ficowski’s work was secondary to Schulz’s or less original. Jerzy Ficowski, like Schulz, emphasized the importance of childhood and myth in a poet’s imagination. On the other hand, both writers found themselves different ways to express those ideas in artistic way. To analyze the unique nature of artistic relationship between Bruno Schulz and Jerzy Ficowski, I refer to the famous Harold Bloom’s work The Anxiety of Influence. A theory of Poetry.Key words: Jerzy Ficowski; Bruno Schulz; biography; interpretation; fictionalisation; the impact of poetic; Paul Ricoeur; Harold Bloom; psychoanalysis;

Analysis of the dynamic response of a fluid-supported circular elastic plate impacted by a low-velocity projectile

2000 ◽  
Vol 214 (5) ◽  
pp. 719-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Huang ◽  
Y Li ◽  
W Chen
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Elastic Plate ◽  
Impact Force ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sound Waves ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
Transverse Deflection ◽  
Clamped Edges

In this paper, the dynamic response of a thin circular elastic plate supported by a fluid on one side and impacted by a low-velocity projectile on the other side is analysed for the first time. A semi-analytical method is put forward, a non-linear Volterra integral equation governing the impact force is deduced and a linear numerical method is used to solve the equation and calculate the transverse deflection of the plate. The presence of the fluid not only lowers, on account of increased inertia, the natural frequency of the plate vibrating in vacuum but also dampens its transverse vibration owing to the energy carried off in the form of sound waves. As a numerical example, the transverse deflection of a solid circular plate with clamped edges impacted centrally by a low-velocity sphere and the impact force are computed, and the results are discussed.

scholarly journals The excitation of γ -rays by β -rays

1914 ◽  
Vol 90 (621) ◽  
pp. 521-531 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Weight ◽  
Balance Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
Characteristic Radiation ◽  
Definite Evidence ◽  
Radioactive Substances ◽  
Γ Rays ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
Soft Radiation

The excitation of γ -rays by the impact of β -rays on different substances has been investigated by several observers. The question was first systematically examined by J. A. Gray. He showed that penetrating γ -rays are produced by the β -rays of radium E when they impinge on different materials, the amount of γ -radiation increasing with increase of atomic weight of the material. The particular disposition used in his first experiments was not suitable for the examination of any soft types of radiation which might have been excited, but in later work he showed, for the first time, that characteristic radiations were excited in the case of silver, tin, barium and cerium. Chadwick, using the balance method of Rutherford and Chadwick, examined whether the β -rays from radium B and radium C excite penetrating γ -rays in different kinds of matter. Definite evidence was obtained that an excited radiation amounting to about 0.5 per cent, of the primary γ -radiation is produced. This method, however, was not suitable for the detection of soft characteristic radiations. These general results have recently been confirmed by Starke, using the β -rays from a strong preparation of mesothorium. In previous papers by Rutherford and the author on the analysis of the γ -rays from radioactive substances, it has been shown that the γ -rays emitted by the different products can be separated into groups differing widely in penetrating power. Some of these radiations appear to be characteristic of the elements by which they are emitted and fall into one or other of the series given by Barkla. On the other hand, some of the groups of rays found do not appear to belong to either series. It was further shown in previous work that when radium C is deposited on nickel a soft radiation is given out which is entirely absorbed by 2 mm. of aluminium. This soft radiation was much more readily absorbed than that emitted by radium B, and for which μ = 40 (cm. -1 ), but it was appreciably harder than the characteristic radiation of nickel. Moreover, when radium C was deposited on silver, little, if any, soft radiation appeared to be emitted. It seemed of importance, therefore, to examine in detail the nature of the radiation excited by the β - and γ -rays from radium B and radium C, and to examine the bearing of the results on the type of radiation emitted by different materials on which radium C is deposited.

scholarly journals A reliability study of Non-uniform Si TFET with dual material source: Impact of interface trap charges and temperature

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jagritee Talukdar ◽  
Kavicharan Mummaneni
Keyword(s):  
Interface Trap ◽  
Small Signal ◽  
Reliability Study ◽  
Material Source ◽  
Dc Characteristics ◽  
Signal Parameters ◽  
Source Voltage ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dual Material ◽  
Trap Charges

Abstract The article reports the extraction of DC characteristics and small signal parameters of Non-uniform Si TFET with dual material source (NUTFET-DMS) at different frequencies followed by its reliability investigation. The reliability of the device is examined by analysing: 1) the impact of the presence of interface trap charges, 2) the impact of temperature variation (200 K- 400 K). In the analysis it has been observed that in case of absence of interface trap charges the increase in frequency reduces the value of parasitic capacitances. In addition, the presence of interface trap charges lessens the value of parasitic capacitances up to a certain gate to source voltage after that it shows a reverse effect. Further, it has been perceived that the effect of change in temperature is more on device ambipolar current when interface trap charges are present, whereas the reverse is true in the case of OFF state current and different parasitic capacitances.

scholarly journals Minimizing tourist impact on the Argentine Islands ecosystem, Antarctic Peninsula, using visitor site guidelines approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 98-116
Author(s):  
H. Yevchun ◽  
◽  
E. Dykyi ◽  
I. Kozeretska ◽  
A. Fedchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
The Other ◽  
Deschampsia Antarctica ◽  
Central Values ◽  
Antarctic Research ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Critical Requirement ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

There has been an ongoing increase in tourist visits to the Antarctic since 2010. These visits primarily concentrate on a small number of sites, increasing the possible environmental impact. One of the tourism hotspots is the central Argentine Islands in Wilhelm Archipelago. These islands, being one of the top 20 most visited Antarctic sites, consist of Galindez Island, Winter Island, and Skua Island. They are known for wildlife, rich vegetation (old moss banks, rich bryophyte and lichen communities, Antarctic pearlwort Colobanthus quitensis and hairgrass Deschampsia antarctica populations), spectacular views. They include one of the oldest Antarctic research stations: the Ukrainian Antarctic Akademik Vernadsky station. Previously no measures have been developed to minimize the impact of tourism on this region. Thus, the Visitor Site Guidelines (VSG) approach and the numerous studies in the region were used to determine the central values of this site and to identify those key features that can be opened for tourists. In addition to the most frequently mentioned values, such as seabirds and mammals, we considered it necessary to mention the vegetation. We assessed threats to these values, distinguishing known and potential impacts. We have also analyzed and developed landing requirements for the studied area, including the most critical requirement to be considered, namely the number of visitors. We think that the maximum number of visitors should be 36 at any time and 270 per day, not counting passengers of yachts. This is the first time that the Visitor Site Guidelines were modified to limit the number of yachts visiting the site to three yachts per day. To reduce the tourist load at the station itself and at the same time to concentrate tourists in the studied region, we proposed two tourist trails: one for Galindez Island, the other — the existing trail for Winter Island. The prepared draft of Visitor Site Guidelines is given in Appendix 2.

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