scholarly journals Altered Intrinsic Brain Activity In Patients With CSF1R-Related Leukoencephalopathy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingying Wu ◽  
Yikang Cao ◽  
Binyin Li ◽  
Xize Jia ◽  
Li Cao
Keyword(s):  
Supplementary Motor Area ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Motor Area ◽  
Angular Gyrus ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Objective: CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy is an adult-onset white matter disease with high disability and mortality, while current diagnostic approaches are prone to misdiagnosis and not sensitive enough for pre-clinical alternations. This study introduced amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) based on resting-state functional MRI (rsfMRI) to compare the spontaneous brain activities of patients and healthy controls, aiming to provide early clues for disease onset and enhance our understanding of the disease.Methods: RsfMRI was performed on 11 patients and 23 healthy controls and preprocessed for calculation of ALFF and ReHo. Permutation tests with threshold free cluster enhancement (number of permutations =5,000) was applied for comparison. Voxels with P value<0.05 (family-wise error corrected) and cluster size>10 voxels was considered with significant difference.Results: Compared to controls, the patient group showed decreased ALFF in right paracentral lobule and precentral gyrus, and increased ALFF in left dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus, left postcentral gyrus, left precentral gyrus, right precuneus, as well as bilateral insula, parahippocampal gyrus, hippocampus, midbrain and cingulate gyrus. Decreased ReHo was found in bilateral supplementary motor area and paracentral lobule of patients, while ReHo increased in right superior occipital gyrus, right precentral gyrus, left angular gyrus, as well as bilateral parahippocampal gyrus, hippocampus, middle occipital gyrus, supramarginal gyrus and extra-nuclear.Conclusion: These results revealed altered spontaneous brain activities in CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy, especially in limbic system and supplementary motor area, which may serve as an early biomarker for the onset, and shed light on disease mechanisms.

scholarly journals Algebra dissociates from arithmetic in the brain semantic network

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dazhi Cheng ◽  
Mengyi Li ◽  
Naiyi Wang ◽  
Liangyuan Ouyang ◽  
Xinlin Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Supplementary Motor Area ◽  
Semantic Network ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Motor Area ◽  
Angular Gyrus ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Single Trial ◽  
Brain Behavior ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background Mathematical expressions mainly include arithmetic (such as 8 − (1 + 3)) and algebraic expressions (such as a − (b + c)). Previous studies shown that both algebraic processing and arithmetic involved the bilateral parietal brain regions. Although behavioral and neuropsychological studies have revealed the dissociation between algebra and arithmetic, how algebraic processing is dissociated from arithmetic in brain networks is still unclear. Methods Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), this study scanned 30 undergraduates and directly compared the brain activation during algebra and arithmetic. Brain activations, single-trial (item-wise) interindividual correlation and mean-trial interindividual correlation related to algebra processing were compared with those related to arithmetic. Results Brain activation analyses showed that algebra elicited greater activation in the angular gyrus and arithmetic elicited greater activation in the bilateral supplementary motor area, left insula, and left inferior parietal lobule. Interindividual single-trial brain-behavior correlation revealed significant brain-behavior correlations in the semantic network, including the middle temporal gyri, inferior frontal gyri, dorsomedial prefrontal cortices, and left angular gyrus, for algebra. For arithmetic, the significant brain-behavior correlations were located in the phonological network, including the precentral gyrus and supplementary motor area, and in the visuospatial network, including the bilateral superior parietal lobules. Conclusion These findings suggest that algebra relies on the semantic network and arithmetic relies on the phonological and visuospatial networks.

scholarly journals Altered Spontaneous Neural Activity and Functional Connectivity in Parkinson’s Disease With Subthalamic Microlesion

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bei Luo ◽  
Yue Lu ◽  
Chang Qiu ◽  
Wenwen Dong ◽  
Chen Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Angular Gyrus ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Precentral Gyrus

BackgroundTransient improvement in motor symptoms are immediately observed in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) after an electrode has been implanted into the subthalamic nucleus (STN) for deep brain stimulation (DBS). This phenomenon is known as the microlesion effect (MLE). However, the underlying mechanisms of MLE is poorly understood.PurposeWe utilized resting state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) to evaluate changes in spontaneous brain activity and networks in PD patients during the microlesion period after DBS.MethodOverall, 37 PD patients and 13 gender- and age-matched healthy controls (HCs) were recruited for this study. Rs-MRI information was collected from PD patients three days before DBS and one day after DBS, whereas the HCs group was scanned once. We utilized the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) method in order to analyze differences in spontaneous whole-brain activity among all subjects. Furthermore, functional connectivity (FC) was applied to investigate connections between other brain regions and brain areas with significantly different ALFF before and after surgery in PD patients.ResultRelative to the PD-Pre-DBS group, the PD-Post-DBS group had higher ALFF in the right putamen, right inferior frontal gyrus, right precentral gyrus and lower ALFF in right angular gyrus, right precuneus, right posterior cingulate gyrus (PCC), left insula, left middle temporal gyrus (MTG), bilateral middle frontal gyrus and bilateral superior frontal gyrus (dorsolateral). Functional connectivity analysis revealed that these brain regions with significantly different ALFF scores demonstrated abnormal FC, largely in the temporal, prefrontal cortices and default mode network (DMN).ConclusionThe subthalamic microlesion caused by DBS in PD was found to not only improve the activity of the basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuit, but also reduce the activity of the DMN and executive control network (ECN) related brain regions. Results from this study provide new insights into the mechanism of MLE.

scholarly journals Low-frequency transcranial stimulation of pre-supplementary motor area alleviates levodopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson’s disease: a randomized cross-over trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan Lohse ◽  
David Meder ◽  
Silas Nielsen ◽  
Anders Elkjær Lund ◽  
Damian M Herz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Parkinson Disease ◽  
Functional Mri ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Supplementary Motor Area ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Motor Area ◽  
Electrical Field Strength

Abstract Levodopa-induced dyskinesia gradually emerges during long-term dopamine therapy, causing major disability in patients with Parkinson disease. Using pharmacodynamic functional MRI, we have previously shown that the intake of levodopa triggers an excessive activation of the pre-supplementary motor area in Parkinson disease patients with peak-of-dose dyskinesia. In this pre-registered, interventional study, we tested whether the abnormal responsiveness of the pre-supplementary motor area to levodopa may constitute a ‘stimulation target’ for treating dyskinesia. A gender-balanced group of 17 Parkinson disease patients with peak-of-dose dyskinesia received 30 min of robot-assisted repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, after they had paused their anti-Parkinson medication. Real-repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation at 100% or sham-repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation at 30% of individual resting corticomotor threshold of left first dorsal interosseous muscle was applied on separate days in counterbalanced order. Following repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, patients took 200 mg of oral levodopa and underwent functional MRI to map brain activity, while they performed the same go/no-go task as in our previous study. Blinded video assessment revealed that real-repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation delayed the onset of dyskinesia and reduced its severity relative to sham-repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. Individual improvement in dyskinesia severity scaled linearly with the modulatory effect of real-repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on task-related activation in the pre-supplementary motor area. Stimulation-induced delay in dyskinesia onset correlated positively with the induced electrical field strength in the pre-supplementary motor area. Our results provide converging evidence that the levodopa-triggered increase in pre-supplementary motor area activity plays a causal role in the pathophysiology of peak-of-dose dyskinesia and constitutes a promising cortical target for brain stimulation therapy.

scholarly journals Plasma Kynurenine Level is Associated With Left DLPFC Activity and Can Predict Treatment Response in Major Depressive Disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiharu Kamishikiryo ◽  
Go Okada ◽  
Eri Itai ◽  
Yoshikazu Masuda ◽  
Satoshi Yokoyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Response ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Depression Score ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Regional Brain ◽  
Left Dlpfc ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
Regional Brain Activity

Abstract To establish treatment response biomarkers that reflect the pathophysiology of depression, it is important to use an integrated set of features that are promising as biomarkers. This study aimed to determine the relationship between blood metabolites related to treatment response to escitalopram and regional brain activity at rest and to find the characteristics of depression that respond to treatment. Blood metabolite levels and resting brain activity were measured in patients with depression (N = 65) before and after 6 weeks treatment with escitalopram and healthy controls (N = 36). Thirty-two patients (49.2%) showed clinical response (>50% reduction in Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression score) and were classified as Responders, and the remaining 33 patients were classified as Nonresponders. Pretreatment plasma kynurenine level and fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) were lower in Responders, and their elevations after treatment were correlated with improvement in symptoms. Moreover, fALFF of the left DLPFC was significantly correlated with plasma kynurenine level in pretreatment patients with depression and healthy controls. Decreased kynurenine level and resting-state regional brain activity of the left DLPFC may be involved in the pathophysiology of depression in response to escitalopram treatment.

scholarly journals Alterations of Regional Homogeneity in Children With Congenital Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A Resting-State fMRI Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pingping Guo ◽  
Siyuan Lang ◽  
Muliang Jiang ◽  
Yifeng Wang ◽  
Zisan Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing Loss ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Regional Homogeneity ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Healthy Controls

Background: Brain functional alterations have been observed in children with congenital sensorineural hearing loss (CSNHL). The purpose of this study was to assess the alterations of regional homogeneity in children with CSNHL.Methods: Forty-five children with CSNHL and 20 healthy controls were enrolled into this study. Brain resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) for regional homogeneity including the Kendall coefficient consistency (KCC-ReHo) and the coherence-based parameter (Cohe-ReHo) was analyzed and compared between the two groups, i.e., the CSNHL group and the healthy control group.Results: Compared to the healthy controls, children with CSNHL showed increased Cohe-ReHo values in left calcarine and decreased values in bilateral ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Children with CSNHL also had increased KCC-ReHo values in the left calcarine, cuneus, precentral gyrus, and right superior parietal lobule (SPL) and decreased values in the left VLPFC and right DLPFC. Correlations were detected between the ReHo values and age of the children with CSNHL. There were positive correlations between ReHo values in the pre-cuneus/pre-frontal cortex and age (p &lt; 0.05). There were negative correlations between ReHo values in bilateral temporal lobes, fusiform gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus and precentral gyrus, and age (p &lt; 0.05).Conclusion: Children with CSNHL had RoHo alterations in the auditory, visual, motor, and other related brain cortices as compared to the healthy controls with normal hearing. There were significant correlations between ReHo values and age in brain regions involved in information integration and processing. Our study showed promising data using rs-fMRI ReHo parameters to assess brain functional alterations in children with CSNHL.

scholarly journals Algebra dissociates from arithmetic in the brain semantic network

2022 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dazhi Cheng ◽  
Mengyi Li ◽  
Jiaxin Cui ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Naiyi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Supplementary Motor Area ◽  
Semantic Network ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
Motor Area ◽  
Angular Gyrus ◽  
Single Trial ◽  
Positive Functional ◽  
Brain Behavior ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background Mathematical expressions mainly include arithmetic (such as 8 − (1 + 3)) and algebra (such as a − (b + c)). Previous studies have shown that both algebraic processing and arithmetic involved the bilateral parietal brain regions. Although previous studies have revealed that algebra was dissociated from arithmetic, the neural bases of the dissociation between algebraic processing and arithmetic is still unclear. The present study uses functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to identify the specific brain networks for algebraic and arithmetic processing. Methods Using fMRI, this study scanned 30 undergraduates and directly compared the brain activation during algebra and arithmetic. Brain activations, single-trial (item-wise) interindividual correlation and mean-trial interindividual correlation related to algebra processing were compared with those related to arithmetic. The functional connectivity was analyzed by a seed-based region of interest (ROI)-to-ROI analysis. Results Brain activation analyses showed that algebra elicited greater activation in the angular gyrus and arithmetic elicited greater activation in the bilateral supplementary motor area, left insula, and left inferior parietal lobule. Interindividual single-trial brain-behavior correlation revealed significant brain-behavior correlations in the semantic network, including the middle temporal gyri, inferior frontal gyri, dorsomedial prefrontal cortices, and left angular gyrus, for algebra. For arithmetic, the significant brain-behavior correlations were located in the phonological network, including the precentral gyrus and supplementary motor area, and in the visuospatial network, including the bilateral superior parietal lobules. For algebra, significant positive functional connectivity was observed between the visuospatial network and semantic network, whereas for arithmetic, significant positive functional connectivity was observed only between the visuospatial network and phonological network. Conclusion These findings suggest that algebra relies on the semantic network and conversely, arithmetic relies on the phonological and visuospatial networks.

Different Brain Activation Patterns to Pain and Pain-related Unpleasantness during the Menstrual Cycle

2006 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Chan Choi ◽  
Sang Kyu Park ◽  
Yun-Hee Kim ◽  
Yong-Wook Shin ◽  
Jun Soo Kwon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Motor Preparation ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Pain Stimulation ◽  
Prefrontal Cortices

Background The changes in the functional magnetic resonance imaging signal during anticipation, pain stimulation, and the poststimulation periods were investigated to determine whether changes in sex hormones affect brain activity. Methods Eighteen participants were examined twice, once in the follicular phase and once in the luteal phase. Half the participants were tested first during the follicular phase, and the other half were tested first in the luteal phase. Results The pain and unpleasantness ratings were significantly higher in the luteal phase than in the follicular. During the anticipation of pain, the prefrontal cortices were activated during the follicular phase, whereas the parahippocampal gyrus and amygdala were activated during the luteal phase. During the pain stimulation, putamen and cerebellum and precentral gyrus involving motor preparation and defense mechanism related to antinociceptive behavior were activated during the follicular phase, whereas the thalamus was activated during the luteal phase. During the poststimulation periods, the prefrontal cortices were activated during the follicular phase, whereas parahippocampal gyrus was activated during the luteal phase. The temporal pole was activated during the anticipation, pain stimulation, and poststimulation periods of the luteal phase. Conclusions During surgical and medical procedures, requirements of anesthetic and analgesic and anxiolytic drugs may be reduced during the follicular phase and increased during the luteal phase. These results highlight the need to consider the effects of the sex hormones in women when designing clinical or neuroimaging studies or when treating patients for pain and pain-related unpleasantness.

scholarly journals How beat perception coopts motor neurophysiology

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan J. Cannon ◽  
Aniruddh D. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Motor System ◽  
Supplementary Motor Area ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Dorsal Striatum ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Motor Area ◽  
List Type ◽  
Neural Firing ◽  
Temporal Prediction

AbstractBeat perception is central to music cognition. The motor system is involved in beat perception, even in the absence of movement, yet current frameworks for modeling beat perception do not strongly engage with the motor system’s neurocomputational properties. We believe fundamental progress on modeling beat perception requires a synthesis between cognitive science and motor neuroscience, yielding predictions to guide research. Success on this front would be a landmark in the study of how “embodied cognition” is implemented in brain activity. We illustrate this approach by proposing specific roles for two key motor brain structures (the supplementary motor area, and the dorsal striatum of the basal ganglia) in covert beat maintenance, building on current research on their role in actual movement.Highlights⍰Components of the brain’s motor system are activated by the perception of a musical beat, even in the absence of movement, and may play an important role in beat-based temporal prediction.⍰Two key brain regions involved in movement, the supplementary motor area and dorsal striatum, have neurocomputational properties that lend themselves to beat perception.⍰In supplementary motor area, neural firing rates represent the phase of cyclic sensorimotor processes.⍰Supplementary motor area’s involvement in perceptual suppression of self-generated sounds suggests that it could play a broader role in informing auditory expectations.⍰Dorsal striatum plays a central role in initiating and sequencing units of movement, and may serve similar functions in structuring beat-based temporal anticipation.

Comparison of intrinsic brain activity in individuals with low/moderate myopia versus high myopia revealed by the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 496-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Cheng ◽  
Xin Huang ◽  
Yu-Xiang Hu ◽  
Mu-Hua Huang ◽  
Bo Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
High Myopia ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Frequency Fluctuation ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Optic Radiation ◽  
Frequency Fluctuations ◽  
Intrinsic Brain Activity

Background Previous neuroimaging studies demonstrated that individuals with high myopia are associated with abnormalities in anatomy of the brain. Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore alterations in the intrinsic brain activity by studying the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations. Material and Methods A total of 64 myopia individuals (41 with high myopia with a refractive error <–600 diopter [D], 23 with low/moderate myopia with a refractive error between –100 and –600 D, and similarly 59 healthy controls with emmetropia closely matched for age) were recruited. The amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations method was conducted to investigate the difference of intrinsic brain activity across three groups. Results Compared with the healthy controls, individuals with low/moderate myopia showed significantly decreased amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation values in the bilateral rectal gyrus, right cerebellum anterior lobe/calcarine, and bilateral thalamus and showed significantly increased amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation values in left white matter (optic radiation), right prefrontal cortex, and left primary motor cortex (M1)/primary somatosensory cortex (S1). In addition, individuals with high myopia showed significantly decreased amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation values in the right cerebellum anterior lobe/calcarine/bilateral parahippocampal gyrus, bilateral posterior cingulate cortex, and bilateral middle cingulate cortex and significantly increased amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation values in left white matter (optic radiation), bilateral frontal parietal cortex, and left M1/S1. Moreover, we found that the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation values of the different brain areas was closely related to the clinical features in the high myopia group. Conclusion Our results demonstrated that individuals with low/moderate myopia and high myopia had abnormal intrinsic brain activities in various brain regions related to the limbic system, default mode network, and thalamo-occipital pathway.

Comparison of treatments and outcomes of children with juvenile dermatomyositis followed at two European tertiary care referral centers

Rheumatology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Camilla Varnier ◽  
Alessandro Consolaro ◽  
Susan Maillard ◽  
Clarissa Pilkington ◽  
Angelo Ravelli
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Dermatomyositis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Inactive Disease ◽  
Street Hospital ◽  
Great Ormond Street Hospital ◽  
Disease Outcomes ◽  
Improved Outcomes ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Objectives To compare the treatment approaches and disease outcomes of children with JDM followed in two European tertiary care pediatric rheumatology centers. Methods The medical notes of patients with JDM seen at Istituto Giannina Gaslini (IGG) of Genoa, Italy or Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH) of London, UK between January 2000 and December 2015 within 6 months after disease onset and followed for at least 6 months were reviewed. Demographic, clinical and therapeutic data were collected. At each visit, the caring physician was asked to rate subjectively the disease state. Results A total of 127 patients were included, 88 at GOSH and 39 at IGG. At 24 months, the median values of muscle strength and disease activity were at the normal end of the scale and around three quarter of patients were said to have inactive disease. Also at 2 years, 38.6% and 36% of British and Italian patients, respectively, had damage. Cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, infliximab, rituximab and mycophenolate mofetil were used more frequently by UK physicians, whereas cyclosporine, intravenous immunoglobulin and hydroxychloroquine were prescribed by Italian physicians. Conclusion This study shows a significant difference in the choice of medications between pediatric rheumatologists practicing in the two centers. Despite this, a high proportion of patients had inactive disease at 2 years and there was a low frequency of damage: modern treatments have improved outcomes.

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