scholarly journals Antioxidants Significantly Improve Qinling Giant Panda (Ailuropoda Melanoleuca Qinlingensis) Sperm Quality During Cryopreservation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruixue Zhang ◽  
Hemeng Dong ◽  
Pengpeng Zhao ◽  
Chunmei Shang ◽  
Hang Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Laminaria Japonica ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Ailuropoda Melanoleuca ◽  
Lycium Barbarum ◽  
Giant Pandas ◽  
Semen Cryopreservation ◽  
Freezing Medium ◽  
Acrosome Integrity

Abstract Background: Semen cryopreservation has become an essential tool for the reproduction and long-term preservation of giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). However, cryopreservation is severely detrimental to sperm quality, including motility, plasma membrane, acrosome integrity, and mitochondrial activity. It is necessary to screen a effective antioxidants for improvement of sperm quality. Eight groups of antioxidants were added to the freezing medium.Results:The results showed that lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP), Laminaria japonica polysaccharides (LJP), or goujresveratrol (RSV) added to the freezing medium significantly improved sperm motility, acrosome integrity, and mitochondrial activity during the cryopreservation process. Furthermore, the activities of glutathione and superoxide dismutase were also improved. However, the levels of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde in semen were notably reduced. Regarding fertility, acrosin activity was significantly increased in LBP-treated sperm. Unfortunately, sperm viability, DNA fragmentation, and hyaluronidase activity were not significantly different between the above groups. Conclusions: LBP (2.0 mg/mL) or RSV (50 μM) are the best candidate antioxidants for inclusion in the freezing medium for improving the quality of panda spermatozoa, during semen cryopreservation.

scholarly journals Resveratrol and lycium barbarum polysaccharide improve Qinling giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca Qinlingensis) sperm quality during cryopreservation

2022 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruixue Zhang ◽  
Hemeng Dong ◽  
Pengpeng Zhao ◽  
Chunmei Shang ◽  
Hang Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Giant Panda ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Dna Integrity ◽  
Ailuropoda Melanoleuca ◽  
Lycium Barbarum ◽  
Semen Cryopreservation ◽  
Freezing Medium ◽  
Lycium Barbarum Polysaccharide

Abstract Background Semen cryopreservation has become an essential tool for conservation efforts of the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca); however, it is severely detrimental to sperm quality. Evidence has shown that antioxidants have the potential to reverse cryopreservation-induced damage in sperm. The purpose of this study was to screen effective antioxidants that could retain sperm quality during cryopreservation and to determine the optimal dose. Seven antioxidant groups, including resveratrol (RSV = 50 μM, RSV = 100 μM, RSV = 150 μM), lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP = 2 mg/mL, LBP = 4 mg/mL), laminaria japonica polysaccharides (LJP = 1 mg/mL) or combination (LBP = 2 mg/mL, LJP = 1 mg/mL and RSV = 100 μM) were assessed. Results RSV, LBP, LJP, or a combination of RSV, LBP, and LJP added to the freezing medium significantly improved sperm progressive motility, plasma membrane integrity, acrosome integrity, and mitochondrial activity during the cryopreservation process. Furthermore, the activities of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase were also improved. The levels of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde in semen were notably reduced. Hyaluronidase activity and acrosin activity were significantly increased in LBP-treated sperm. However, sperm total motility and DNA integrity were not significantly different between the groups. Conclusions RSV (50 μM) or LBP (2 mg/mL) are the best candidate antioxidants for inclusion in the freezing medium to improve the quality of giant panda spermatozoa during semen cryopreservation.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DIFFERENT METHODS FOR DOG SEMEN CRYOPRESERVATION AND TESTING UNDER CLINICAL CONDITIONS

2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Szász ◽  
G. Gábor ◽  
László Solti
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Intrauterine Insemination ◽  
Fluorescein Isothiocyanate ◽  
Final Conclusion ◽  
Peanut Agglutinin ◽  
Semen Cryopreservation ◽  
Average Litter Size ◽  
Acrosome Integrity ◽  
Clinical Conditions

The extenders and freezing rates from three different freezing protocols were combined and compared to each other in order to study the post-thawing acrosome integrity and fertility of frozen dog sperm. A commercial bovine TRIS-base extender (TRILADYL) and two self-made canine semen extenders (Norwegian and Dutch) were combined with a conventional bovine and two canine freezing regimes, and acrosome integrity of frozen/thawed spermatozoa was assessed by fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugated peanut agglutinin staining (FITC-PNA). Differences between freezing/thawing protocols were reflected in the proportion of cells with acrosomal damage and not based on motility results. It was concluded that during dog semen cryopreservation extenders had less influence on the post-thawing sperm quality than did the freezing rates. The optimal extender/freezing rate combination (TRILADYL/Norwegian) was used in the clinical practice to evaluate the fertility of frozen sperm administered by intrauterine insemination using a surgical approach. The pregnancy rate was 57% (4/7), but the average litter size was low (2.8). This may have been due to the insufficient sperm numbers contained in an insemination dose and/or to the incorrect timing of artificial insemination (AI). The final conclusion is that the commercial bovine extender is useful for freezing dog semen, and the TRILADYL/Norwegian freezing protocol is recommended as the most advantageous combination for the freezing of canine semen in the clinical practice.

scholarly journals Modeling Impacts of Climate Change on Giant Panda Habitat

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Songer ◽  
Melanie Delion ◽  
Alex Biggs ◽  
Qiongyu Huang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Giant Panda ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Ailuropoda Melanoleuca ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Giant Pandas ◽  
Panda Habitat ◽  
General Climate

Giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) are one of the most widely recognized endangered species globally. Habitat loss and fragmentation are the main threats, and climate change could significantly impact giant panda survival. We integrated giant panda habitat information with general climate models (GCMs) to predict future geographic distribution and fragmentation of giant panda habitat. Results support a major general prediction of climate change—a shift of habitats towards higher elevation and higher latitudes. Our models predict climate change could reduce giant panda habitat by nearly 60% over 70 years. New areas may become suitable outside the current geographic range but much of these areas is far from the current giant panda range and only 15% fall within the current protected area system. Long-term survival of giant pandas will require the creation of new protected areas that are likely to support suitable habitat even if the climate changes.

116 EFFECT OF INCUBATION OF BOVINE EPIDIDYMAL SPERMATOZOA IN SEMINAL PLASMA PRIOR TO CRYOPRESERVATION

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
C. A. Guerrero ◽  
J. A. Jenkins ◽  
J. W. Lynn ◽  
K. R. Bondioli ◽  
R. A. Godke
Keyword(s):  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Bath ◽  
Sperm Chromatin ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Dna Integrity ◽  
Epididymal Sperm ◽  
Acrosome Integrity

Studies examining the influence of seminal plasma on sperm function have shown both beneficial and detrimental effects. However, its effect on pre-frozen bovine epididymal sperm (BES) has not been documented. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of a 30-min incubation of BES in bovine seminal plasma (SEMP) prior to freezing on post-thaw sperm parameters. Paired testes were obtained from mature bulls (n = 10) at a local abattoir and transported to the laboratory (25–28°C) within 3–5 h postmortem. BES were harvested by multiple incisions from the caudae epididymides of each bull, pooled, and split into either Treatment A, 3 mL of egg yolk Tris-based medium (EYT) (No SEMP), or Treatment B, 3 mL of SEMP, each for 30 min in a 37°C water bath. SEMP was extracted from ejaculates of mature bulls (n = 6), and then pooled and stored at −20°C until used. Sperm from both treatments were re-suspended in EYT, adjusted to 70 × 106 sperm mL−1 and cooled to 4°C at 0.1°C min−1. Samples were diluted slowly over a 30-min period with 1:1 EYT medium containing 14% glycerol and loaded into 0.5-mL straws. Straws were frozen in liquid nitrogen vapors. For sperm analyses, straws were thawed in a water bath at 37°C for 40 s. Morphology was determined by staining with eosin-nigrosin. Viability and acrosome integrity were measured simultaneously with the combination of SYBR 14, propidium iodide, and PE-PNA. Mitochondrial activity was measured by the combination of MitoTracker Red and SYBR 14. DNA integrity was determined by acridine orange using the sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA®; SCSA Diagnostics, Inc., Brookings, SD, USA). All assays were performed by multicolor flow cytometry. Differences between treatments were analyzed using one-way ANOVA (P < 0.05). In summary, all sperm quality parameters decreased significantly after thawing in both treatments (Table 1). A significantly higher overall and progressive motility post-thaw was achieved when sperm were incubated in SEMP prior to freezing. However, no difference was detected in sperm viability, acrosome integrity, mitochondrial activity, and DNA integrity between treatments. Also, SEMP reduced the quantity of distal droplets and broken tails post-thaw over that of no SEMP. Results indicate that incubation of BES in bovine seminal plasma prior to freezing improves post-thaw sperm quality. Table 1. Effect of bovine seminal plasma (SEMP) on quality parameters (mean ± SEM) of post-thaw bovine epididymal sperm

scholarly journals Post-Thaw Sperm Quality and Functionality in the Autochthonous Pig Breed Gochu Asturcelta

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1885
Author(s):  
José Néstor Caamaño ◽  
Carolina Tamargo ◽  
Inmaculada Parrilla ◽  
Felipe Martínez-Pastor ◽  
Lorena Padilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resource ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Kinematic Parameters ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects ◽  
Sperm Analysis ◽  
Computer Assisted Sperm Analysis ◽  
Analysis System

Genetic resource banks (GRB) preserve the genetic material of endangered, valuable individuals or genetically relevant breeds. Semen cryopreservation is a crucial technique to reach these goals. Thus, we aimed to assess the sperm parameters of semen doses from the native pig breed Gochu Asturcelta stored at the GRB of Principado de Asturias (GRB-PA, Gijón, Spain), focusing on intrinsic and extrinsic (boar, season) factors. Two straws per boar (n = 18, 8–71 months of age) were thawed, pooled, and assessed after 30 and 150 min at 37 °C by CASA (computer-assisted sperm analysis system; motility and kinematic parameters) and flow cytometry (viability, acrosomal status, mitochondrial activity, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species, and chromatin status). The effects of age, incubation, and season on post-thawing quality were determined using linear mixed-effects models. Parameters were on the range for commercial boar breeds, with chromatin status (SCSA: fragmentation and immaturity) being excellent. Incubation decreased sperm quality and functionality. The boar age did not have a significant effect (p > 0.05), but the between-boar variability was significant (p < 0.001). The season significantly affected many parameters (motility, kinematics, viability, acrosomal status, mitochondrial activity), especially after 150 min of incubation. In general, samples collected in spring and summer showed higher quality post-thawing, the lowest in winter. In conclusion, the sperm doses from the Gochu Asturcelta breed stored at the GRB-PA showed excellent chromatin status and acceptable characteristics after thawing. Therefore, boar and seasonal variability in this autochthonous breed could be relevant for cryobank management.

scholarly journals Immune profiles of male giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) during breeding season

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
haibo shen ◽  
Caiwu Li ◽  
Ming He ◽  
Yan Huang ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Giant Panda ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Killer Cell ◽  
Pattern Recognition Receptors ◽  
Ailuropoda Melanoleuca ◽  
Giant Pandas ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Immune Related Genes

Abstract Background: The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) is a threatened endemic Chinese species and a flagship species of national and global conservation concern. Life history theory proposes that reproduction and immunity can be mutually constraining and interrelated. Knowledge of immunity changes of male giant pandas during the breeding season is limited.Results: Here, we researched peripheral blood gene expression profiles associated with immunity. Thirteen captive giant pandas, ranging from 9 to 11 years old, were divided into two groups based on their reproductive status. We identified 318 up-regulated DEGs and 43 down-regulated DEGs, which were enriched in 87 GO terms and 6 KEGG pathways. Additionally, we obtained 45 immune-related genes with altered expression, mostly up-regulated, and identified four hub genes HSPA4, SUGT1, SOD1, and IL1B in PPI analysis. These 45 genes were related to pattern recognition receptors, autophagy, peroxisome, proteasome, natural killer cell, antigen processing and presentation. SUGT1 and IL1B were related to pattern recognition receptors. HSP90AA1 was the most up-regulated gene and is a member of heat shock protein 90 family. HSP90 contributes to the translocation of extracellular antigen. KLRD1 encodes CD94, whose complex is an inhibitor of the cytotoxic activity of NK cells, was down-regulated. IGIP, which has the capability of inducing IgA production by B cells, was down-regulated, suggesting low concentration of IgA in male giant pandas. Our results suggest that most immune-related genes were up-regulated and more related to innate immune than adaptive immune. Conclusions: Our results indicated that breeding male giant pandas presented an immunoenhancement in innate immunity, enhanced antigen presentation and processing in cellular immunity compared to non-breeding males. The humoral immunity of male giant pandas may show a tendency to decrease during the breeding season. This study will provide a foundation for further studies of immunity and reproduction in male giant pandas.

scholarly journals Systematic evaluation of CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dots toxicity on the reproduction and offspring health in male BALB/c mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Li ◽  
Xiaotan Lin ◽  
Tingting Chen ◽  
Kan Liu ◽  
Zhiwen Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Organ Index ◽  
Acrosome Integrity ◽  
Offspring Health

Abstract Background: Increased applications of quantum dots (QDs) in biomedical field have aroused attention for their potential toxicological effects. Although many studies have been carried out on the toxicity of QDs, their effects on reproductive and development are still unclear. In this study, we systematically evaluated the male reproductive toxicity and developmental toxicity of CdSe/ZnS QDs in BALB/c mice.Results: The male mice were injected intravenously with CdSe/ZnS QDs at the dosage of 2.5 mg/kg BW or 25 mg/kg BW, respectively, and the survival status, biodistribution of QDs in testes, serum sex hormone levels, histopathology, sperm motility and acrosome integrity was measured on Day 1, 7, 14, 28 and 42 after injection. On Day 35 after treatment, male mice were housed with non-exposed female mice, and then offspring number, body weight, organ index and histopathology of major organs, blood routine and biochemical tests of offspring were measured to evaluate the fertility and offspring health. The results showed that CdSe/ZnS QDs could rapidly distribute in the testis, and the fluorescence of QDs could still be detected on Day 42 post-injection. QDs had no adverse effect on the structure of testis and epididymis, but high-dose QDs could induce apoptosis of Leydig cells in testis at an early stage. No significant differences in survival of state, body weight organ index of testis and epididymis, sex hormones levels, sperm quality, sperm acrosome integrity and fertility of male mice were observed in QDs exposed groups. However, the development of offspring was obviously influenced, which was mainly manifested in the slow growth of offspring, changes of organ index of main organs, and the abnormality of liver and kidney function parameters.Conclusion: Our findings revealed that CdSe/ZnS QDs were able to cross the blood-testis barrier (BTB), produce no discernible toxic effects on the male reproductive system, but could affect the healthy growth of future generations to some extent. In view of the broad application prospect of QDs in biomedical fields, our findings might provide insight into the biological safety evaluation of the reproductive health of QDs.

Anogenital gland secretions code for sex and age in the giant panda, Ailuropoda melanoleuca

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (10) ◽  
pp. 1596-1604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Yuan ◽  
Dingzhen Liu ◽  
Lixing Sun ◽  
Rongping Wei ◽  
Guiquan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Giant Panda ◽  
Fatty Acid Esters ◽  
Ailuropoda Melanoleuca ◽  
Giant Pandas ◽  
Analog Form ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Relative Abundances ◽  
Anogenital Gland Secretions ◽  
Acid Esters ◽  
Form Information

Anogenital gland secretions play a major role in chemical communication by giant pandas, Ailuropoda melanoleuca (David, 1869). We analyzed 45 samples of anogenital gland secretions collected from 24 captive pandas (5 male adults, 6 female adults, 6 male subadults, and 7 female subadults) by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The secretions contained over 95 compounds. Based on 56 common compounds (relative abundances >0.1%) shared by more than three individuals, we identified steroids, long-chain fatty acids, fatty-acid esters, aldehydes, alkanes, alkenes, amines, terpenes, and furans. The chemical composition of each secretion was individual-specific. Although none of these individual compounds was age- or sex-specific, the relative abundances of several compounds differed between males and females and between adults and subadults. This result shows that information about sex and age could be coded in analog form. Information about age but not gender could also be digitally coded by the presence or absence of some of the 56 compounds, in addition to the analog coding.

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