Dynamic Colonization of Gut Microbiota and Its Influencing Factors Among The Breast-Feeding Infants During The First Two Year of Life

Abstract Background Maturation of the infant gut microbiota has lifelong implications on health, which has been proposed as the major events during the first year of life. However, little was known about dynamic colonization of the gut microbiota and its influencing elements among the two-year infancy as well as into the adulthood. Results Based on the 16S rRNA sequencing data in the V3-V4 regions among 30 healthy mother-infant pairs with the normal range of the growth and development index from birth to two years old, the diversity of the gut microbiota was significantly increased from Six-month to Two-year subgroups. Furthermore, the dynamic colonization of gut microbiota was that the significant trends of Firmicutes (Faecalibacterium, Blautia, Enterococcus, Subdoligranulum, Agathobacter, Unidentified_Erysipelotrichaceae, Staphylococcus, Acinetobacillus, Unidentified_ Ruminococcaceae and Fusicatenibacter), Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia were increased, while Actinobacteria (Bifidobacterium) and Proteobacteria (Enterobacteriaceae and Klebsiella) were decreased with the increased age at the phylum and genus levels. These above results revealed that certain bacteria might modulate the host pathways, such as Chemoheterotrophy, Fermentation, Parasites_or _symbionts, Nitrate_reduction and Aerobic_chemoheterotrophy metabolism. Moreover, there were significant associations between maternal (gut microbiota in the milk, Pre-pregnancy BMI-M.BMI, BMI gain during the pregnancy-I.BMI) and infant characteristics (BMI at birth-B.BMI and increment of BMI-G.BMI), and the compositions of gut microbiota in the faeces, but not differences were shown between the different sex and mode of productive subgroups. Conclusion Overall, the gut microbial community was significantly matured into adulthood with the increased age subgroups. It also identified that there were significant correlations between the features of gut microbiota and maternal (gut microbiota in the milk, M.BMI and I.BMI) and infant characteristics (B.BMI and G.BMI), which will provide a new direction for the host-gut microbiota interplay during the two years of life.

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Excessive Unbalanced Meat Consumption in the First Year of Life Increases Asthma Risk in the PASTURE and LUKAS2 Birth Cohorts

Frontiers in Immunology ◽

10.3389/fimmu.2021.651709 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Alexander J. Hose ◽

Giulia Pagani ◽

Anne M. Karvonen ◽

Pirkka V. Kirjavainen ◽

Caroline Roduit ◽

...

Keyword(s):

16S Rrna ◽

Meat Consumption ◽

16S Rrna Sequencing ◽

Atopic Asthma ◽

First Year ◽

Sequencing Data ◽

Food Items ◽

Asthma Risk ◽

Rrna Sequencing ◽

First Year Of Life

A higher diversity of food items introduced in the first year of life has been inversely related to subsequent development of asthma. In the current analysis, we applied latent class analysis (LCA) to systematically assess feeding patterns and to relate them to asthma risk at school age. PASTURE (N=1133) and LUKAS2 (N=228) are prospective birth cohort studies designed to evaluate protective and risk factors for atopic diseases, including dietary patterns. Feeding practices were reported by parents in monthly diaries between the 4th and 12th month of life. For 17 common food items parents indicated frequency of feeding during the last 4 weeks in 4 categories. The resulting 153 ordinal variables were entered in a LCA. The intestinal microbiome was assessed at the age of 12 months by 16S rRNA sequencing. Data on feeding practice with at least one reported time point was available in 1042 of the 1133 recruited children. Best LCA model fit was achieved by the 4-class solution. One class showed an elevated risk of asthma at age 6 as compared to the other classes (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 8.47, 95% CI 2.52–28.56, p = 0.001) and was characterized by daily meat consumption and rare consumption of milk and yoghurt. A refined LCA restricted to meat, milk, and yoghurt confirmed the asthma risk effect of a particular class in PASTURE and independently in LUKAS2, which we thus termed unbalanced meat consumption (UMC). The effect of UMC was particularly strong for non-atopic asthma and asthma irrespectively of early bronchitis (aOR: 17.0, 95% CI 5.2–56.1, p < 0.001). UMC fostered growth of iron scavenging bacteria such as Acinetobacter (aOR: 1.28, 95% CI 1.00-1.63, p = 0.048), which was also related to asthma (aOR: 1.55, 95% CI 1.18-2.03, p = 0.001). When reconstructing bacterial metabolic pathways from 16S rRNA sequencing data, biosynthesis of siderophore group nonribosomal peptides emerged as top hit (aOR: 1.58, 95% CI 1.13-2.19, p = 0.007). By a data-driven approach we found a pattern of overly meat consumption at the expense of other protein sources to confer risk of asthma. Microbiome analysis of fecal samples pointed towards overgrowth of iron-dependent bacteria and bacterial iron metabolism as a potential explanation.

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Role of cesarean section in the development of neonatal gut microbiota: A systematic review

Open Medicine ◽

10.1515/med-2021-0270 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 624-639

Author(s):

Negin Shaterian ◽

Fatemeh Abdi ◽

Nooshin Ghavidel ◽

Farzane Alidost

Keyword(s):

Cesarean Section ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Human Life ◽

First Year ◽

Delivery Mode ◽

Gut Colonization ◽

First Year Of Life ◽

Colonization Rates

Abstract Background The delivery mode is one of the factors affecting the type of colonization of the human gut. Gut colonization affects all stages of the human life cycle, and the type of gut microbiome can contribute to immune system function, the development of some diseases, and brain development; and it has a significant impact on a newborn’s growth and development. Methods Terms defined as MeSH keywords were searched by the databases, and web search engines such as PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, Embase, Scopus, ProQuest, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched between 2010 and 2020. The quality of each study was assessed according to the Newcastle–Ottawa scale, and seven eligible and high-quality studies were analyzed. Finding The abundances of Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium during the first 3 months of life; Lactobacillus and Bacteroides during the second 3 months of life; Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium during the second 6 months of life; and Bacteroides, Enterobacter, and Streptococcus after the first year of life were higher in vaginal delivery-born infants. While infants born by cesarean section (CS) had higher abundances of Clostridium and Lactobacillus during the first 3 months of life, Enterococcus and Clostridium during the second 3 months of life, and Lactobacillus and Staphylococcus after the first year of life. Discussion Delivery mode can affect the type of the human intestinal microbiota. The CS-born babies had lower colonization rates of Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides, but they had higher colonization rates of Clostridium, Lactobacillus, Enterobacter, Enterococcus, and Staphylococcus. Given the effect of microbiota colonization on neonatal health, it is therefore recommended to conduct further studies in order to investigate the effect of the colonization on the delivery mode and on baby’s growth and development. Application to practice The aim of this study was to investigate the role of CS in the development of the neonatal gut microbiota.

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Comparative Analysis of Fecal Microbiota of Grazing Mongolian Cattle from Different Regions in Inner Mongolia, China

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11071938 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 1938

Author(s):

Han Aricha ◽

Huasai Simujide ◽

Chunjie Wang ◽

Jian Zhang ◽

Wenting Lv ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Community Structure ◽

Microbial Community ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Inner Mongolia ◽

Alpha Diversity ◽

Fecal Microbiota ◽

Composition Analysis ◽

Geographical Factors ◽

Rrna Sequencing ◽

Xilingol Grassland

Mongolian cattle from China have strong adaptability and disease resistance. We aimed to compare the gut microbiota community structure and diversity in grazing Mongolian cattle from different regions in Inner Mongolia and to elucidate the influence of geographical factors on the intestinal microbial community structure. We used high throughput 16S rRNA sequencing to analyze the fecal microbial community and diversity in samples from 60 grazing Mongolian cattle from Hulunbuir Grassland, Xilingol Grassland, and Alxa Desert. A total of 2,720,545 high-quality reads and sequences that were 1,117,505,301 bp long were obtained. Alpha diversity among the three groups showed that the gut microbial diversity in Mongolian cattle in the grasslands was significantly higher than that in the desert. The dominant phyla were Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, whereas Verrucomicrobia presented the highest abundance in the gut of cattle in the Alxa Desert. The gut bacterial communities in cattle from the grasslands versus the Alxa Desert were distinctive, and those from the grasslands were closely clustered. Community composition analysis revealed significant differences in species diversity and richness. Overall, the composition of the gut microbiota in Mongolian cattle is affected by geographical factors. Gut microbiota may play important roles in the geographical adaptations of Mongolian cattle.

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Levels of Predominant Intestinal Microorganisms in 1 Month-Old Full-Term Babies and Weight Gain During the First Year of Life

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13072412 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 2412

Author(s):

Sonia González ◽

Marta Selma-Royo ◽

Silvia Arboleya ◽

Cecilia Martínez-Costa ◽

Gonzalo Solís ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Early Life ◽

Later Life ◽

Full Term ◽

First Year ◽

Term Infants ◽

Term Newborns ◽

Infant Weight Gain ◽

First Year Of Life

The early life gut microbiota has been reported to be involved in neonatal weight gain and later infant growth. Therefore, this early microbiota may constitute a target for the promotion of healthy neonatal growth and development with potential consequences for later life. Unfortunately, we are still far from understanding the association between neonatal microbiota and weight gain and growth. In this context, we evaluated the relationship between early microbiota and weight in a cohort of full-term infants. The absolute levels of specific fecal microorganisms were determined in 88 vaginally delivered and 36 C-section-delivered full-term newborns at 1 month of age and their growth up to 12 months of age. We observed statistically significant associations between the levels of some early life gut microbes and infant weight gain during the first year of life. Classifying the infants into tertiles according to their Staphylococcus levels at 1 month of age allowed us to observe a significantly lower weight at 12 months of life in the C-section-delivered infants from the highest tertile. Univariate and multivariate models pointed out associations between the levels of some fecal microorganisms at 1 month of age and weight gain at 6 and 12 months. Interestingly, these associations were different in vaginally and C-section-delivered babies. A significant direct association between Staphylococcus and weight gain at 1 month of life was observed in vaginally delivered babies, whereas in C-section-delivered infants, lower Bacteroides levels at 1 month were associated with higher later weight gain (at 6 and 12 months). Our results indicate an association between the gut microbiota and weight gain in early life and highlight potential microbial predictors for later weight gain.

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PUL-Mediated Plant Cell Wall Polysaccharide Utilization in the Gut Bacteroidetes

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22063077 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (6) ◽

pp. 3077

Author(s):

Zhenzhen Hao ◽

Xiaolu Wang ◽

Haomeng Yang ◽

Tao Tu ◽

Jie Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Microbial Community ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Plant Cell ◽

Plant Cell Wall ◽

Cell Wall Polysaccharide ◽

Prominent Feature ◽

Cell Wall Polysaccharides ◽

Gut Microbial Community

Plant cell wall polysaccharides (PCWP) are abundantly present in the food of humans and feed of livestock. Mammalians by themselves cannot degrade PCWP but rather depend on microbes resident in the gut intestine for deconstruction. The dominant Bacteroidetes in the gut microbial community are such bacteria with PCWP-degrading ability. The polysaccharide utilization systems (PUL) responsible for PCWP degradation and utilization are a prominent feature of Bacteroidetes. In recent years, there have been tremendous efforts in elucidating how PULs assist Bacteroidetes to assimilate carbon and acquire energy from PCWP. Here, we will review the PUL-mediated plant cell wall polysaccharides utilization in the gut Bacteroidetes focusing on cellulose, xylan, mannan, and pectin utilization and discuss how the mechanisms can be exploited to modulate the gut microbiota.

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GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF NEGRO INFANTS

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.16.1.24 ◽

1955 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 24-30

Author(s):

Roland B. Scott ◽

Angella D. Ferguson ◽

Melvin E. Jenkins ◽

Fred F. Cutter

Keyword(s):

Environmental Factors ◽

Private Practice ◽

Growth And Development ◽

First Year ◽

Daily Care ◽

Patterns Of Behavior ◽

First Year Of Life

The time of occurrence of 12 neuromuscular patterns of behavior in the development of 2 groups of Negro infants from different socio-economic levels during the first year of life is presented. The Negro infants from the clinic showed acceleration over the Negro infants from private practice in their development from the 8th to the 35th week of life, after which time, the development of the 2 groups was essentially the same. The Negro infants as a group showed acceleration in their development when compared with a group of white infants studied in a similar manner by Aldrich except in 2 patterns, "smiling" and "vocalization." A marked similarity was noted during the first 30 weeks of life in the development of the white and Negro infants from private practice whose socio-economic backgrounds were substantially similar. The differences and similarities observed in the neuromuscular behavior in the 3 groups studied may be attributed mainly to environmental factors. The observed acceleration in the Negro infants is apparently an expression of greater permissiveness in daily care as practiced by the mothers or mother substitutes in the lower socio-economic classes.

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Metabolic adaptation in the human gut microbiota during pregnancy and the first year of life

EBioMedicine ◽

10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.10.071 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 39 ◽

pp. 497-509 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

María José Gosalbes ◽

Joan Compte ◽

Silvia Moriano-Gutierrez ◽

Yvonne Vallès ◽

Nuria Jiménez-Hernández ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Metabolic Adaptation ◽

First Year ◽

Human Gut ◽

Human Gut Microbiota ◽

First Year Of Life

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Auditory temporal abilities in children with history of recurrent otitis media in the first years of life and persistent in preschool and school ages

CoDAS ◽

10.1590/2317-1782/20142014008 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 26 (6) ◽

pp. 494-502 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Priscila Cruvinel Villa ◽

Sthella Zanchetta

Keyword(s):

Otitis Media ◽

Otitis Media With Effusion ◽

Temporal Frequency ◽

Control Group ◽

First Year ◽

Normal Range ◽

Frequency Pattern ◽

History Of ◽

First Year Of Life ◽

Recurrent Otitis Media

PURPOSE: To study the temporal auditory ordering and resolution abilities in children with and without a history of early OME and ROME, as well as to study the responses according to age. METHODS: A total of 59 children were evaluated, and all of them presented pure tone thresholds within the normal range at the time of the conduction of the hearing tests. The children were divided into two groups according to the occurrence of episodes of recurrent otitis media. Then, each group was divided into two subgroups according to age: 7- and 8-year olds, and 9- and 10-year olds. All children were assessed with standard tests of temporal frequency (ordination) and gaps-in-noise (resolution). RESULTS: For the temporal abilities studied, children with a history of otitis media presented significantly lower results compared to the control group. In the frequency pattern test, the correct answers increased with age in both groups. In the identification of silence intervals, the control group showed no change in threshold regarding to age, but this change was present in the group with a history of otitis media. CONCLUSION: Episodes of otitis media with effusion in the first year of life, recurrent and persistent in preschool and school ages, negatively influence the temporal ordering and resolution abilities.

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Individuality and convergence of the infant gut microbiota during the first year of life

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-018-04641-7 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Eric J. de Muinck ◽

Pål Trosvik

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

First Year ◽

First Year Of Life

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Fecal Microbiotas of Indonesian and New Zealand Children Differ in Complexity and Bifidobacterial Taxa during the First Year of Life

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.01105-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 85 (19) ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Blair Lawley ◽

Anna Otal ◽

Kit Moloney-Geany ◽

Aly Diana ◽

Lisa Houghton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Microbial Community ◽

Early Life ◽

Cultural Influences ◽

Well Being ◽

Rural Setting ◽

First Year ◽

Natural Ecosystem ◽

Content Type ◽

First Year Of Life

ABSTRACT The biological succession that occurs during the first year of life in the gut of infants in Western countries is broadly predictable in terms of the increasing complexity of the composition of microbiotas. Less information is available about microbiotas in Asian countries, where environmental, nutritional, and cultural influences may differentially affect the composition and development of the microbial community. We compared the fecal microbiotas of Indonesian (n = 204) and New Zealand (NZ) (n = 74) infants 6 to 7 months and 12 months of age. Comparisons were made by analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences and derivation of community diversity metrics, relative abundances of bacterial families, enterotypes, and cooccurrence correlation networks. Abundances of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis and B. longum subsp. longum were determined by quantitative PCR. All observations supported the view that the Indonesian and NZ infant microbiotas developed in complexity over time, but the changes were much greater for NZ infants. B. longum subsp. infantis dominated the microbiotas of Indonesian children, whereas B. longum subsp. longum was dominant in NZ children. Network analysis showed that the niche model (in which trophic adaptation results in preferential colonization) of the assemblage of microbiotas was supported in Indonesian infants, whereas the neutral (stochastic) model was supported by the development of the microbiotas of NZ infants. The results of the study show that the development of the fecal microbiota is not the same for infants in all countries, and they point to the necessity of obtaining a better understanding of the factors that control the colonization of the gut in early life. IMPORTANCE This study addresses the microbiology of a natural ecosystem (the infant bowel) for children in a rural setting in Indonesia and in an urban environment in New Zealand. Analysis of DNA sequences generated from the microbial community (microbiota) in the feces of the infants during the first year of life showed marked differences in the composition and complexity of the bacterial collections. The differences were most likely due to differences in the prevalence and duration of breastfeeding of infants in the two countries. These kinds of studies are essential for developing concepts of microbial ecology related to the influence of nutrition and environment on the development of the gut microbiota and for determining the long-term effects of microbiological events in early life on human health and well-being.

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