scholarly journals Characteristic and Potential Therapeutic Effect of Isolated MDR-Acinetobacter Baumannii Lytic Phage

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behnam Sisakhtpour ◽  
Arezoo Mirzaei ◽  
Vajihe Karbasizadeh ◽  
Nafise Sadat Hosseini ◽  
Mehdi Shabani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Lytic Phage ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Coomassie Blue ◽  
Phage Sensitivity ◽  
Multiple Drugs

Abstract Background: Acinetobacter baumannii is a major pathogen in the hospital, especially in Intensive Care Units (ICU) and the resistance to multiple drugs as a major contributor to hospital infection. Bacteriophages are viruses that attack bacteria and kill them that could be used for clinical treatment. The aim of the study is in evaluating the function of bacteriophage specificity of multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, to be used as a useful method for treating of Acinetobacter Infections.Methods: Cross-sectional study during the year 2017, from patients admitted to the ICU, First, 48 isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii were identified by phenotypic method and amplified with blaOXA-51 gene. Then, the sensitivity of phages to pathogens namely ESKAPE (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp) evaluated. DNA of the phage was extracted using the Viral Nucleic Extraction Kit II (Geneaid, Taipei, Taiwan) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Then for protein analysis, PEG-precipitated purified phages were subjected directly to SDS-PAGE, and protein bands were visualized by coomassie Blue G-250 staining method. Finally for cell survival assay we investigated the toxicity of the isolated phage to Hela cells.Results: In the bacterial resistance pattern, the highest resistance belongs to ciprofloxacin. In optimal phage test, at dilution of 1 (MOI 1) it produced the best effect on bacteria in 30 minutes. Phage sensitivity to different hosts performed by double layer agar method, the phage was treated with ESKAPE bacteria and after 24 hours’ incubation at 37°C, only for Acinetobacter baumannii Plaque created. The genome analysis indicated that phage pIsf-AB2 has a double-stranded DNA genome. In bacterial control, all cells were killed by A. baumannii, and no live-cell was seen. The cells remained in control of the phage, and the phage did not affect the cells.Conclusion: Our findings support the potential application of the phage with potent endolysin activity against MDR A. baumannii and give useful information for its further study and use.

Phenotypic detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase in multidrug-resistant acinetobacter baumannii isolated in Fauji Foundation Hospital Rawalpindi

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Asim Ali Shah ◽  
Yasir Ali ◽  
Ayesha Maqbool ◽  
Shahid Ahmad Abbasi ◽  
Admin
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Multiple Drugs

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the phenotypic detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase in multidrug-resistant acinetobacter baumannii. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Microbiology, Fauji Foundation Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from August 2018 to April 2019, after the ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee. Consecutive Non- probability sampling technique was used, and comprised clinical specimens, including pus, blood, sputum, urine, tracheal tubes and canula double lumen, which were processed using standard protocols. Colonies of acinetobacter baumannii were identified by gram staining and Analytical Profile Index-20E kit. Combination disc method was used for the identification of extended-spectrum beta-lactamse. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines were used for antimicrobial susceptibility. Data was analysed using SPSS 22 and Sample size was calculated by using earlier study with 5 % margin of error and 95 % confidence level. Results: Of the 78 isolates, 58(74.4%) related to females and 20(25.6%) to males. There was no extended-spectrum beta-lactamse producer. Imipenem, meropenem, cefotaxime, ampicillin and ceftazidime showed 100% resistance, while colistin and polymyxin B were sensitive to all strains. The incidence rate was high in samples isolated from tracheal tubes 47(60.3%), followed by pus 21(26.9%). Age was not found to be a significant factor (p>0.05).   Conclusion: Acinetobacter baumannii showed a high resistance to multiple drugs and was not confined to any specific age group. Colistin and polymyxin B were found to be better choices. Continuous...

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitude, and Prescription Practice on Antimicrobials Use Among Physicians: A Cross-Sectional Study in Eastern China

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 004695802110599
Author(s):  
Rixiang Xu ◽  
Tingyu Mu ◽  
Wang Jian ◽  
Caiming Xu ◽  
Jing Shi
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prescription Practices ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Prescription Practice

Over-prescription of antimicrobials for patients is a major driver of bacterial resistance. The aim of the present study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and prescription practices regarding antimicrobials among physicians in the Zhejiang province in China, and identify the determining factors. A total of 600 physicians in public county hospitals and township health institutions were surveyed cross-sectionally using a structured electronic questionnaire. The questionnaire was completed by 580 physicians and the response rate was 96.67%. The mean score of 11 terms related to antimicrobial knowledge was 6.81, and an average of 32.1% of patients with upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) were prescribed antimicrobials. Multivariate analysis indicated that young general practitioners with less training are more likely to contribute to more frequent antimicrobial prescriptions ( P < .05). In contrast, older physicians with more training are more willing to provide patients with the correct knowledge regarding antimicrobials and less likely to prescribe antimicrobials for URTIs. Correlation analysis showed that the level of physician's knowledge, attitude, and prescription practice is related ( P < .05). In conclusion, proper prescription of antimicrobials depends on adequate knowledge and regular training programs for physicians.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Moringa Peregrina (Forsk) Fiori, Leaf and Seed Extract Against Multidrug Resistant Strains of Bacteria and Fungus of Clinical Origin

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Suliman Mansour Albalawi ◽  
Abdulrahman K. Al-Asmari ◽  
Syed Rafatullah ◽  
Maysa Mahfoud
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Colorimetric Assay ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Isolation And Purification ◽  
Moringa Peregrina

  The emergence of antibiotic resistant microorganism strains has become a critical concern in the treatment of infectious diseases and makes the search of an alternative therapy a must. The study was designed to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activities of the Moringa peregrina (MP) leave (MPL) and seed (MPS) extracts. Antimicrobial assays were performed using a microplate growth inhibition assay against 11 multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. Following qualitative analysis, dose-response assays were performed using the MTT colorimetric assay. The results showed a strong correlation between the MPL and MPS extract concentration and growth inhibition (P<0.001). MP extract revealed a remarkable antimicrobial effect and inhibited the growth and survival of MDR pathogens which include Escherichia coli; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Klebsiella pneumonia; Acinetobacter baumannii; Staphylococcus aureus between (88.6-94.7 %) and between (62.3- 88.7%) against Candida Kefyer; Candida parapsilosis; Candida albicans; Candida glabrata; Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium oxysporum. MIC50 ranging from ≤6.25 to 25 mg/mL. Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the most susceptible to MP extracts (MIC50 < 6.25 mg/mL). These results support the use of MP in Arab traditional medicine as natural antimicrobial agents. Additionally, the use of such naturally occurring adjuvant derived from medicinal plants can be used as an adjuvant with synthetic antibiotics to combat bacterial resistance and to enhance the antibacterial potential. Further studies are recommended on isolation and purification of novel antimicrobial molecules to treat the infections caused by microbes.  

scholarly journals Overview of the actions to combat bacterial resistance in large hospitals

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Sanches de Mello ◽  
Adriana Cristina Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Research Committee ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Contact Precautions ◽  
Hospital Infection Control ◽  
Care Coordinators ◽  
And Control

Objective: to analyze, in the clinical practice of large hospitals, how the adoption of measures to prevent and control the spread of bacterial resistance has occurred, and to propose a score for the institutions’ adherence. Method: a cross-sectional study carried out in 30 large hospitals of Minas Gerais, from February 2018 to April 2019, after approval by the Ethics and Research Committee. Interviews were conducted with hospital managers, with Hospital Infection Control Services coordinators, and with the care coordinators of the Inpatient Units and Intensive Care Center. In addition, observations were made of the adoption of preventive measures by the multidisciplinary team in the care units. Results: in the 30 participating hospitals, 93.3% (N=28) had protocols for prophylactic antibiotics, and 86.7% (N=26) performed their audit, 86.7% (N=26) for therapeutic antibiotics and 83.3% (N=25) their audit; 93.3% (N=56) used gloves and cloaks for patients in contact precautions, and 78.3% (N=47) of the professionals were unaware of or answered incompletely on the five moments for hand hygiene. In the score to identify the adoption of measures to control bacterial resistance, 83.3% (N=25) of the hospitals were classified as partially compliant, 13.3% (N=04) as deficient, and 3.4% (N=01) as non-adoption. Conclusion: it was found that the recommended measures to contain bacterial resistance are not consolidated in the clinical practice of the hospitals.

scholarly journals Assessment of General Public’s Knowledge and Opinions towards Antibiotic Use and Bacterial Resistance: A Cross-Sectional Study in an Urban Setting, Rufisque, Senegal

Pharmacy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oumar Bassoum ◽  
Ndèye Sougou ◽  
Mayassine Diongue ◽  
Mamadou Lèye ◽  
Mouhamad Mbodji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Awareness Campaigns

Background: Bacterial resistance is a major public health problem worldwide. One solution to this scourge is to sensitize the general public on rational use of antibiotics. Our goal was to assess people’s knowledge and opinions about antibiotic use and bacterial resistance in an urban setting. Method: We performed a cross-sectional study. A convenience sampling was done. A questionnaire was administered to 400 persons during face-to-face interviews. Results: Most respondents thought that antibiotics are effective against colds/flu (69.8%), cough (72.3%) and sore throat (64.4%). At the same time, 42.8% stated that antibiotic therapy can be stopped as soon as the symptoms disappear. Only 8.8% and 41.8% of people knew that handwashing and vaccination prevented bacterial resistance. Globally, 7% of people had a good knowledge. Socio-demographic variables were not associated with the level of knowledge. The main sources of information were entourage and pharmacy staff. Regarding the opinions, 78.3% of surveyed participants the people thought that that people overuse antibiotics. Additionally, 28% said that they have no role to play against bacterial resistance. Conclusion: People living in an urban setting had a low knowledge about antibiotic use and bacterial resistance. There is a need to implement awareness campaigns. Further studies on population practices toward antibiotic use are necessary.

scholarly journals Bacteriological analysis of infected wound and their antibiotic sensitivity following emergency caesarean section-a study of 100 cases

KYAMC Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-64
Author(s):  
Sushmita Paul ◽  
Debashis Paul ◽  
Ashraful Haque ◽  
Bijan Kumar Nath ◽  
Md Rezaur Rahman Miah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Wound Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Emergency Caesarean Section ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Infected Wound ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Emergency Caesarean

Background: Emergency caesarean section is one of the commonly performed operation in the department of gynae and obstetrics.Objectives: The aim and objective of the study was to evaluate the organisms responsible for post emergency caesarean wound infection and their antibiotics sensitivity.Materials & Methods: The study is a prospective type of cross sectional study where 100 patient of post emergency caesarean wound infection was evaluated during July 2012 to December 2012 (6 Month Duration) at Rajshahi Medical College Hospital (RMCH) Rajshahi. The wound swab was sent for culture and sensitivity test.Results: The peak incidence of wound infection to between 6th - 8th post operative day. In wound discharge shows various organism but 16% showed no growth. The most of the infected wound showed (48%) thick creamy pus and the organisms isolated is Staphylococcus. antibiotics mostly used were Ciprofloxacin, Cephradine and Metronidazole. This study revealed that maximum wound infection is due to S. aureus. Regarding antibiotic sensitivity of the cultured organisms, all of them are sensitive to Imepenem (100%). Staphylococcus aureus mostly sensitive to Flucloxacillin (79.16%). Ciprofloxacin sensitivity is found in 58.33% cases. E coli mostly sensitive to Imepenem (100%) followed by Ceftriaxone (53.84%). Klebsiella pneumonia found mostly sensitive to Imepenem (100%) followed by Ceftriaxone (75%) and Cephradine (50%).Conclusion: Selection of appropriate antibiotic is important to reduce post caesarean wound infection.KYAMC Journal Vol. 9, No.-2, July 2018, Page 61-64

scholarly journals Carbapenemase Genes and Multidrug Resistance of Acinetobacter Baumannii: A Cross Sectional Study of Patients with Pneumonia in Southern Vietnam

Antibiotics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuong Hoang Quoc ◽  
Thao Nguyen Thi Phuong ◽  
Hai Nguyen Duc ◽  
Trung Tran Le ◽  
Hang Tran Thi Thu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Background: Acinetobacter baumannii (Ab) is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen found in hospital-acquired infections including nosocomial pneumonia, especially multidrug-resistant Ab. This study aims to survey the drug resistance profiles of Ab isolated from patients in Thong Nhat Dong Nai General Hospital and assess the relationship between genotypes and antibiotic resistance; Methods: Ninety-seven Ab strains isolated from 340 lower respiratory tract specimens among pneumonia patients were used to screen the most common local carbapenemase genes. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing results and demographic data were collected and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of colistin were also determined; Results: Over 80% and 90% of Ab strains were determined as carbapenem-resistant and multidrug-resistant (MDR), respectively. Most of the strains carried carbapenemase genes, including blaOXA-51, blaOXA-23-like, blaOXA-58-like, and blaNDM-1, with proportions of 97 (100%), 76 (78.4%), 10 (10.3%), 6 (6.2%), respectively. Amongst these genes, blaOXA-23-like was the only gene which significantly influenced the resistance (p < 0.0001); and Conclusions: The severity of Ab antibiotic resistance is urgent and specifically related to carbapenemase encoding genes. Therefore, screening of MDR Ab and carbapenemase for better treatment options is necessary.

scholarly journals Biofilm production and antibiotic resistance pattern among bacterial isolates from wound samples in a rural tertiary care teaching hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 160-164
Author(s):  
Shakthi R ◽  
Venkatesha D ◽  
Dhanalakshmi T. A
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Wound Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Biofilm Production ◽  
Etiological Agents ◽  
The One

Pyogenic wound infections are the one of the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Some of the common etiological agents responsible are ., and . The antimicrobial resistance has become a global challenge and the resistant pathogen poses a grave threat to the public health worldwide. Pyogenic bacteria producing biofilm has a potential to cause significant mortality and morbidity in human. The present study was carried out to determine the bacteriological spectrum of wound infections and their antibiogram to commonly used antibiotics and to detect the biofilm production by the isolates. This cross sectional study was carried out in the department of Microbiology, Adichunchanagiri institute of Medical sciences from September 2016 to August 2017. Two hundred and forty samples from various wounds were collected and processed as per standard procedures and biofilm production was detected by Congo red agar method.Out of 240 pus isolates, species were the most commonly isolated (48.85%) followed by species (11.7%). Biofilm was produced by 49.2% isolates .Majority of Gram negative bacilli were susceptible to Colistin (100%) followed by Tigecycline (Biofilm producers 75%, biofilm non producers 66.7%).All Gram positive isolates were susceptible to Vancomycin and Teicoplanin (100%) followed by Linezolid (biofilm producer 98.8%, biofilm non producer 97.8%) . Routine surveillance for wound infections along with early identification and adopting efficient control protocol against biofilm forming organism plays an important role in the prevention of the most serious infections.

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