scholarly journals Carbapenemase Genes and Multidrug Resistance of Acinetobacter Baumannii: A Cross Sectional Study of Patients with Pneumonia in Southern Vietnam

Antibiotics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuong Hoang Quoc ◽  
Thao Nguyen Thi Phuong ◽  
Hai Nguyen Duc ◽  
Trung Tran Le ◽  
Hang Tran Thi Thu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Background: Acinetobacter baumannii (Ab) is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen found in hospital-acquired infections including nosocomial pneumonia, especially multidrug-resistant Ab. This study aims to survey the drug resistance profiles of Ab isolated from patients in Thong Nhat Dong Nai General Hospital and assess the relationship between genotypes and antibiotic resistance; Methods: Ninety-seven Ab strains isolated from 340 lower respiratory tract specimens among pneumonia patients were used to screen the most common local carbapenemase genes. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing results and demographic data were collected and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of colistin were also determined; Results: Over 80% and 90% of Ab strains were determined as carbapenem-resistant and multidrug-resistant (MDR), respectively. Most of the strains carried carbapenemase genes, including blaOXA-51, blaOXA-23-like, blaOXA-58-like, and blaNDM-1, with proportions of 97 (100%), 76 (78.4%), 10 (10.3%), 6 (6.2%), respectively. Amongst these genes, blaOXA-23-like was the only gene which significantly influenced the resistance (p < 0.0001); and Conclusions: The severity of Ab antibiotic resistance is urgent and specifically related to carbapenemase encoding genes. Therefore, screening of MDR Ab and carbapenemase for better treatment options is necessary.

scholarly journals Phenotypic and genotypic detection of carbapenemase enzymes producing gram-negative bacilli isolated from patients in Khartoum State

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1656
Author(s):  
R.A. Dahab ◽  
Alamin Mohamed Ibrahim ◽  
Hisham N. Altayb
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Life Threatening

Background: Carbapenems are used as antibiotics of last resort for treating infections due to multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli, but emergence of Carbapenem resistant Gram-negative bacilli have been reported due to the production of Carbapenemase enzymes that significantly limits treatment options for life-threatening infections. Objective: This study aimed to detect Carbapenem resistant Gram-negative bacilli from patients attended to different hospitals in Khartoum state and to detect Carbapenemase enzymes production by phenotypic and genotypic methods. Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study was conducted in Khartoum state in the period from February to August 2016. Hundred and forty nine Gram-negative bacilli bacteria were isolated from different clinical specimens. Blood agar, Chromogenic agar media, MacConkey agar, XLD mediaandstandard biochemical tests were used for isolation and identification of Gram-negative bacilli from different samples. Standard antimicrobial susceptibility testing to Carbapenem antibiotic was performed for all isolates, then detection of Carbapenemase enzymes production for the resistant isolates was performed using Modified Hodge Test and PCR. Results: Hundred and forty nine Gram-negative bacilli were isolated from 147 different clinical specimens. The most predominant Gram-negative bacilli isolates was E.coli (54.4%), followed by Klebsiella species (29.5%). More than fifty percent of the isolates were Carbapenem resistant. Fifty six percent of the resistant isolates were positive by Modified Hodge Test. By using PCR, 17.3% of resistant organisms were harbored blaOXA48 gene, and 6.7% harbored blaIMP gene. E.coli was the most bacteria that harbored the blaoxa48 followed by Klebsiella species. blaIMP gene was harbored only by E.coli. Conclusion: The percentage of resistance to Carbapenems due to production of Carbapenemase enzymes is very high in Sudan.BlaOXA48 gene is more predominant than blaIMP in this study.

scholarly journals High prevalence of multidrug-resistant non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli harboring bla and bla metallo-beta-lactamase genes in Birjand, south-east Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hasan Namaei ◽  
Masoud Yousefi ◽  
Parvin Askari ◽  
Babak Roshanravan ◽  
Ali Hashemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Disk Diffusion Test ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant

Background and Objectives: Non-fermentative Gram-negative Bacilli (NFGNB) is known as a major cause of health- care-associated infections with high levels of antibiotic resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibiotic resistance profiles and molecular characteristics of metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL)-producing NFGNB. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the antibiotic resistance profile of 122 clinical NFGNB isolates was determined by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion and microdilution broth methods. Bacterial isolates were investigated for the detection of MBLs production using the combination disk diffusion Test (CDDT). The existence of bla , bla , and bla NDM genes in all carbapenem-resistant isolates was determined employing polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. Results: High resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa was reported to cefotaxime and minocycline, whereas Acinetobacter baumannii isolates were highly resistant to all antibiotics except colistin. Multidrug resistance (MDR)-NFGNB (66% vs. 12.5%, P=0.0004) and extensively drug resistant (XDR)-NFGNB (55.7% vs. 12.5%, P=0.001) isolates were significantly more common in hospitalized patients than in outpatients. The production of MBL was seen in 40% of P. aeruginosa and 93.3% of A. baumannii isolates. It was found that 33.3% and 46.7% of carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates, and 13.3% and 28.9% of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii isolates were harboring bla IMP-1 and bla VIM-1 genes, respectively. The incidence of MDR (98.2% vs. 28.3%, P<0.001) and XDR (96.4% vs. 11.7%, P<0.001) in MBL-producing NFGNB isolates was significantly higher than non-MBL-producing isolates. Conclusion: This study demonstrated a higher rate of resistance among NFGNB isolates with an additional burden of MBL production within them, warranting a need for robust microbiological surveillance and accurate detection of MBL producers among the NFGNB.

scholarly journals Radiation-Inactivated Acinetobacter baumannii Vaccine Candidates

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Dollery ◽  
Daniel V. Zurawski ◽  
Elena K. Gaidamakova ◽  
Vera Y. Matrosova ◽  
John K. Tobin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Wound Infections ◽  
Protein Profiles ◽  
Vaccine Candidates ◽  
Rich Media ◽  
Life Threatening

Acinetobacter baumannii is a bacterial pathogen that is often multidrug-resistant (MDR) and causes a range of life-threatening illnesses, including pneumonia, septicemia, and wound infections. Some antibiotic treatments can reduce mortality if dosed early enough before an infection progresses, but there are few other treatment options when it comes to MDR-infection. Although several prophylactic strategies have been assessed, no vaccine candidates have advanced to clinical trials or have been approved. Herein, we rapidly produced protective whole-cell immunogens from planktonic and biofilm-like cultures of A. baumannii, strain AB5075 grown using a variety of methods. After selecting a panel of five cultures based on distinct protein profiles, replicative activity was extinguished by exposure to 10 kGy gamma radiation in the presence of a Deinococcus antioxidant complex composed of manganous (Mn2+) ions, a decapeptide, and orthophosphate. Mn2+ antioxidants prevent hydroxylation and carbonylation of irradiated proteins, but do not protect nucleic acids, yielding replication-deficient immunogenic A. baumannii vaccine candidates. Mice were immunized and boosted twice with 1.0 × 107 irradiated bacterial cells and then challenged intranasally with AB5075 using two mouse models. Planktonic cultures grown for 16 h in rich media and biofilm cultures grown in static cultures underneath minimal (M9) media stimulated immunity that led to 80–100% protection.

scholarly journals Influence ofABCC2andABCC4Polymorphisms on Tenofovir Plasma Concentrations in Thai HIV-Infected Patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 3240-3245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanokrat Rungtivasuwan ◽  
Anchalee Avihingsanon ◽  
Narukjaporn Thammajaruk ◽  
Siwaporn Mitruk ◽  
David M. Burger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Protease Inhibitors ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACTTenofovir (TFV) is eliminated by renal excretion, which is mediated through multidrug-resistant protein 2 (MRP2) and MRP4, encoded byABCC2andABCC4, respectively. Genetic polymorphisms of these transporters may affect the plasma concentrations of tenofovir. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of genetic and nongenetic factors on tenofovir plasma concentrations. A cross-sectional study was performed in Thai HIV-infected patients aged ≥18 years who had been receiving tenofovir disoproxil fumarate at 300 mg once daily for at least 6 months. A middose tenofovir plasma concentration was obtained. Multivariate analysis was performed to investigate whether there was an association between tenofovir plasma concentrations and demographic data, including age, sex, body weight, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), hepatitis B virus coinfection, hepatitis C virus coinfection, duration of tenofovir treatment, concomitant use of ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitors, and polymorphisms ofABCC2andABCC4. A total of 150 Thai HIV-infected patients were included. The mean age of the patients was 43.9 ± 7.2 years. The mean tenofovir plasma concentration was 100.3 ± 52.7 ng/ml. In multivariate analysis, a low body weight, a low eGFR, the concomitant use of ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitors, and theABCC44131T → G variation (genotype TG or GG) were independently associated with higher tenofovir plasma concentrations. After adjusting for weight, eGFR, and the concomitant use of ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitors, a 30% increase in the mean tenofovir plasma concentration was observed in patients having theABCC44131 TG or GG genotype. Both genetic and nongenetic factors affect tenofovir plasma concentrations. These factors should be considered when adjusting tenofovir dosage regimens to ensure the efficacy and safety of a drug. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT01138241.)

Frequency of Atrial Fibrillation in Heart Failure Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 3261-3264
Author(s):  
Syed Mohammad Haleem ◽  
Muhammad Hashim Kalwar ◽  
Muhammad Hassan Butt ◽  
Jehangir Hasan ◽  
Javed Khurshed Shaikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Heart Failure Patients ◽  
Cardiac Symptoms ◽  
Patients With Heart Failure

Background: An increasing number of people around the world suffer from cardiovascular diseases such as atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF). Atrial fibrillation (AF) has been linked to poor prognosis in heart failure (HF) patients with mild to moderate LV dysfunction, and it is most prominent in these patients. Despite advancements in care and treatment options like catheter ablation, managing AF is still a therapeutic challenge even with these advances. Aim/Objective: To determine the frequency of atrial fibrillation in heart failure patients. Subjects and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 246 patients at Adult Cardiology, NICVD, Karachi for Six months after approval from 31-08-2019 till 29-02-2020. Patients' consent was obtained verbally before data were collected prospectively. There were 246 patients with heart failure who had been diagnosed and met the diagnostic criteria. An overview of the event's history was gathered, as well as demographic data. Qualitative variables were presented as frequency and percentages, while quantitative data were given as simple descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation. A p-value of 0.05 or lower is considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 246 patients with heart failure were included in this study. The mean age in our study was 56.78±2.81 years. Whereas, mean BNP and ejection fraction in our study was 1144±87.81 pg./ml and 34.65±4.14 %. 136 (55.3%) were male and 110 (44.7%) were female. Out of 246 patients with heart failure, 52 (21.1%) had atrial fibrillation and 194 (78.9%) did not have atrial fibrillation. Conclusion: The results of this research demonstrated that a large percentage of heart failure patients had atrial fibrillation. Thus, it is essential to focus on a comprehensive way of management of heart failure and its comorbidities rather than primarily treating the cardiac symptoms. Keywords: Heart failure and atrial fibrillation.

scholarly journals Emergence of DIM-1 and KPC-1 Genes Associated Carbapenem-Resistant Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Isolates in Three Major Hospitals in Hanoi, Vietnam (2010-2015)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tran Hai Anh ◽  
Tran Huy Hoang ◽  
Vu Thi Ngoc Bich ◽  
Trinh Son Tung ◽  
Tran Dieu Linh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Phylogenetic Tree Analysis ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infection ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Abstract Background: Multidrug-resistant bacteria including carbapenem resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa are recognised as an important cause of hospital-acquired infections worldwide. To determine the molecular characterisation and antibiotic resistant genes associated with carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa. Methods: we conducted whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of 72 carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa isolated from hospital-acquired infection patients from 2010 to 2015 in three major hospitals in Hanoi, Vietnam. Results: We identified three variants of IMP genes, among which IMP-15 gene was the most frequent (n= 34) in comparison to IMP-26 (n= 2) and IMP-51 (n=12). We observed two isolates with imipenem MIC >128mg/L that co-harboured IMP-15 and DIM-1 genes and seven isolates (imipenem MIC> 128mg/L) with KPC-1 gene from the same hospital. MLST data showed that sequence types (ST) of 72 isolates were classified into 18 STs and phylogenetic tree analysis divided these isolates into nine groups. Conclusion: Our results provide evidence that not only IMP-26, but other variants of IMPs like IMP-15 and IMP-51 genes and several STs (ST235, ST244, ST277, ST310, ST773 and ST3151) have been disseminated in health care settings in Vietnam. Also, we report the first finding in Vietnam that two isolates belonging to ST1240 and ST3340 harboured two important carbapenemase genes (IMP-15 and, DIM-1) and seven isolates belonging to ST3151 of P. aeruginosa carried the KPC-1 gene, which could be a potential cause of seriously restricted available treatment options in healthcare settings.

scholarly journals Characterization of Extremely Drug-Resistant and Hypervirulent Acinetobacter baumannii AB030

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 328
Author(s):  
Manu Singh ◽  
P. Malaka De Silva ◽  
Yasser Al-Saadi ◽  
Jacek Switala ◽  
Peter C. Loewen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Comparative Genomics ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Mobile Elements ◽  
Drug Resistant

Acinetobacter baumannii is an important nosocomial bacterial pathogen. Multidrug-resistant isolates of A. baumannii are reported worldwide. Some A. baumannii isolates display resistance to nearly all antibiotics, making treatment of infections very challenging. As the need for new and effective antibiotics against A. baumannii becomes increasingly urgent, there is a need to understand the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance and virulence in this organism. In this work, comparative genomics was used to understand the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance and virulence in AB030, an extremely drug-resistant and hypervirulent strain of A. baumannii that is a representative of a recently emerged lineage of A. baumannii International Clone V. In order to characterize AB030, we carried out a genomic and phenotypic comparison with LAC-4, a previously described hyper-resistant and hypervirulent isolate. AB030 contains a number of antibiotic resistance- and virulence-associated genes that are not present in LAC-4. A number of these genes are present on mobile elements. This work shows the importance of characterizing the members of new lineages of A. baumannii in order to determine the development of antibiotic resistance and virulence in this organism.

scholarly journals Colistin and Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Aci46 in Thailand: Genome Analysis and Antibiotic Resistance Profiling

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1054
Author(s):  
Nalumon Thadtapong ◽  
Soraya Chaturongakul ◽  
Sunhapas Soodvilai ◽  
Padungsri Dubbs
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Genome Data ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant

Resistance to the last-line antibiotics against invasive Gram-negative bacterial infection is a rising concern in public health. Multidrug resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii Aci46 can resist colistin and carbapenems with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 512 µg/mL as determined by microdilution method and shows no zone of inhibition by disk diffusion method. These phenotypic characteristics prompted us to further investigate the genotypic characteristics of Aci46. Next generation sequencing was applied in this study to obtain whole genome data. We determined that Aci46 belongs to Pasture ST2 and is phylogenetically clustered with international clone (IC) II as the predominant strain in Thailand. Interestingly, Aci46 is identical to Oxford ST1962 that previously has never been isolated in Thailand. Two plasmids were identified (pAci46a and pAci46b), neither of which harbors any antibiotic resistance genes but pAci46a carries a conjugational system (type 4 secretion system or T4SS). Comparative genomics with other polymyxin and carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii strains (AC30 and R14) identified shared features such as CzcCBA, encoding a cobalt/zinc/cadmium efflux RND transporter, as well as a drug transporter with a possible role in colistin and/or carbapenem resistance in A. baumannii. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analyses against MDR ACICU strain showed three novel mutations i.e., Glu229Asp, Pro200Leu, and Ala138Thr, in the polymyxin resistance component, PmrB. Overall, this study focused on Aci46 whole genome data analysis, its correlation with antibiotic resistance phenotypes, and the presence of potential virulence associated factors.

Phenotypic detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase in multidrug-resistant acinetobacter baumannii isolated in Fauji Foundation Hospital Rawalpindi

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Asim Ali Shah ◽  
Yasir Ali ◽  
Ayesha Maqbool ◽  
Shahid Ahmad Abbasi ◽  
Admin
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Multiple Drugs

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the phenotypic detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase in multidrug-resistant acinetobacter baumannii. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Microbiology, Fauji Foundation Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from August 2018 to April 2019, after the ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee. Consecutive Non- probability sampling technique was used, and comprised clinical specimens, including pus, blood, sputum, urine, tracheal tubes and canula double lumen, which were processed using standard protocols. Colonies of acinetobacter baumannii were identified by gram staining and Analytical Profile Index-20E kit. Combination disc method was used for the identification of extended-spectrum beta-lactamse. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines were used for antimicrobial susceptibility. Data was analysed using SPSS 22 and Sample size was calculated by using earlier study with 5 % margin of error and 95 % confidence level. Results: Of the 78 isolates, 58(74.4%) related to females and 20(25.6%) to males. There was no extended-spectrum beta-lactamse producer. Imipenem, meropenem, cefotaxime, ampicillin and ceftazidime showed 100% resistance, while colistin and polymyxin B were sensitive to all strains. The incidence rate was high in samples isolated from tracheal tubes 47(60.3%), followed by pus 21(26.9%). Age was not found to be a significant factor (p>0.05).   Conclusion: Acinetobacter baumannii showed a high resistance to multiple drugs and was not confined to any specific age group. Colistin and polymyxin B were found to be better choices. Continuous...

Additional Resistance to any Fluoroquinolones among Multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates from North Coastal Andhra Pradesh, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-74
Author(s):  
Kancharla Suresh ◽  
Yapadinna Vimala ◽  
Nitin Mohan ◽  
Indugula Jyothi Padmaja
Keyword(s):  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Indicator Tube ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Additional Resistance

Fluoroquinolones (FQ) are integral part of multidrug resistant/rifampicin resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB/RR TB) treatment regimens. FQ resistance in MDR-TB lead to narrower treatment options and poor treatment outcomes. Hence proportion of FQ resistance among MDR-TB and cross-resistance among FQ in MDR-TB isolates was studied. This is the first study from North Coastal Andhra Pradesh, India. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 21,474 sputum samples from January-December 2018 & 833 culture isolates (rifampicin resistant detected by GeneXpert MTB / RIF assay & MDR-TB detected by direct and indirect GenoType MTBDRplus Assay) were analysed for FQ resistance by Mycobacterium Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT) for ofloxacin (Ofx) 2.0 µg/mL, levofloxacin (Lfx) 1.5 µg/mL & moxifloxacin (Mfx) 2.0 μg/mL. Among 833 culture isolates, 119 (14.2%) showed resistance to FQ which included 90 (10.8%) Ofx and Lfx resistance isolates but still sensitive to Mfx, 16 (1.92%) with resistance to all FQ tested, 12 Ofx monoresistance & 1 Lfx monoresistance. Mfx monoresistance was absent. Mfx sensitive isolates are 714 (85.7%) and were always sensitive to Ofx and Lfx. Cross-resistance was not complete. MDR-TB/RR TB is 4.1% among all TB patients. Additional resistance to FQ, among MDR-TB patients was seen in 14.2% patients.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document