Maternal mortality rate in Bao'an district, Shenzhen, China, 1999-2018

Abstract Background China had achieved impressive success in reducing maternal mortality rate (MMR), while substantial heterogeneity still existed, and reports from Shenzhen region remained a blank. This study aiming to use all available data sources to evaluate the MMR from 1999 to 2018 in Bao’an district, Shenzhen, China. Methods Data on maternal deaths and key health-service-related indicators were obtained from registration forms and Shenzhen Maternal and Child Health Management System. The levels and trends of MMR, profiles and leading causes of death, as well as results from the maternal mortality review committee were analyzed. Results The MMR in Bao’an district declined from 95.31 per 100,000 live births in 1999 to zero in 2018, with an annualized rate of decline of 12.03% per year. A significant declining trend of MMR was observed over 5-year intervals (from 82.61 to 5.22 per 100,000 live births). MMR was higher among migrant population, women aged ≥ 35 years or those who given birth outside the hospital. The first three causes of maternal death included hemorrhage (27.69%), amniotic fluid embolism (22.31%) and internal medical disease complications (15.38%). Nearly ninety percent (86.78%) of maternal deaths were determined to be preventable. Conclusions Bao’an district had experienced a fast decline in MMR for a two-decade period, its experience in lowering MMR could provide a guideline for other regions to focus on those who needed particular attention and take targeted interventions to reduce maternal deaths.

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Two year review of maternal mortality at a tertiary care hospital of GMERS, Valsad, Gujarat, India

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20182336 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. 2283

Author(s):

Darshna M. Patel ◽

Mahesh M. Patel ◽

Vandita K. Salat

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Maternal Mortality ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Maternal Mortality Ratio ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Maternal Deaths ◽

Maternal Mortality Rate ◽

Live Births ◽

Mortality Ratio

Background: According to the WHO, 80 of maternal deaths in developing countries are due to direct maternal causes such as haemorrhage, hypertensive disorders and sepsis. These deaths are largely preventable. Maternal mortality ratio (MMR) in India is 167/100,000 live births.Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted at GMERS, Valsad. Data regarding maternal deaths from January 2016 to December 2017 were collected and analyzed with respect to epidemiological parameters. The number of live births in the same period was obtained from the labour ward ragister. Maternal mortality rate and Mean maternal mortality ratio for the study period was calculated.Results: The mean Maternal mortality rate in the study period was 413.3/100,000 births. The maternal mortality ratio (MMR) in India is 167/100,000 live births. More than half of maternal deaths were reported in multiparous patients. More maternal deaths were observed in women from rural areas (67.3%), unbooked patients (73.3%) and illiterate women (65.3%). Thirty six (69.3%) maternal death occurred during postpartum period. Most common delay was first delay (60.0%) followed by second delay (40.0%). Postpartum haemorrhage (28.8%), preeclampsia (17.3%), sepsis (13.46%) were the major direct causes of maternal deaths. Indirect causes accounted for one third of maternal deaths in our study. Anemia, hepatitis and heart disease were responsible for 13.4%, 5.7%, and 1.9% of maternal deaths, respectively.Conclusions: Majority of maternal deaths are observed in patients from rural areas, unbooked, and illiterate patients. Hemorrhage, eclampsia and sepsis are leading causes of maternal deaths. Most of these maternal deaths are preventable if patients are given appropriate treatment at periphery and timely referred to higher centers.

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Mengenal Tanda-Tanda Bahaya Kehamilan di Puskesmas Pakuan Baru Kota Jambi

Jurnal Abdimas Kesehatan (JAK) ◽

10.36565/jak.v3i1.150 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 52

Author(s):

Ria Febrina

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Maternal Mortality ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Community Service ◽

Health Workers ◽

Obstetric Complications ◽

Maternal Deaths ◽

Maternal Mortality Rate ◽

Live Births ◽

Danger Signs

Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) in Indonesia is still high compared to other ASEAN countries. MMR in Indonesia according to the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) is 305 per 100,000 live births. The global target of SDGs (Suitainable Development Goals) is to reduce the Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) to 70 per 100,000 live births. While in Jambi Province in 2017 recorded maternal deaths were 29 cases. Maternal deaths that occur during 90% of pregnancy are caused by obstetric complications. Direct obstetric complications are bleeding, infection and eclampsia. Indirectly maternal mortality is also influenced by delays at the family level in recognizing danger signs of pregnancy and making decisions to immediately seek help. Delay in reaching health facilities and assistance in health service facilities. Pregnancy danger signs must be recognized and detected early so that they can be handled properly because any danger signs of pregnancy can lead to pregnancy complications. Therefore it is necessary to provide counseling to improve the knowledge of pregnant women about the danger signs of pregnancy. This community service activity was carried out by Pakuan Baru Kota Jambi Public Health Center. The time of implementation in April 2020. The target is pregnant women. Community service methods include a survey and lecture approach. The results obtained are pregnant women able to understand the danger signs of pregnancy. It is recommended for health workers to continue to provide education related to pregnancy to pregnant women

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Maternal mortality: A 10-year study at Nishtar Hospital Multan

Annals of King Edward Medical University ◽

10.21649/akemu.v11i4.1057 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Huma Quddusi ◽

Sajjad Masood ◽

Sobia Mazhar ◽

Samee Akhtar

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Maternal Mortality ◽

Causes Of Death ◽

Age Group ◽

Maternal Deaths ◽

Maternal Mortality Rate ◽

Live Births ◽

Causative Factors ◽

Management Of Complications ◽

Age Range

Objective: To analyse causes of maternal deaths and to identify preventable causes leading to this tragedy in our setup. Design: An analytical, hospital-based study. Place and duration of study: Department of Obstetric and Gynaecology, Nishter Hospital Multan from June-August 2005. Patients and methods: During the study period retrospective data was collected for period of 10 year from January 1995 to December 2004. This data was analyzed in order to determine the Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR), causes of death and characteristics of the mothers who died including her age, parity and whether they were booked or unbooked. Results: A total numbers of 30031 deliveries took place during the study period and there were 178 maternal deaths with maternal mortality rate of 593/100,000 LB (live births). 7(3.9%) patients were below the age of 20, 74(41.5%) were in the age group of 21-30 and 82(46%) in 31-40 years age range. 15(8.42%) were above the age of 40. Most of them (69%) were grand multiparas (Parity >5). The major causative factors were haemorrhage 63(35.4%), eclampsia 41(23.03%), sepsis 25(14.04%), anaemia 18(10.1%), hepatic encephalopathy 14(7.9%), abortion 11(6.2%). Majority of the patients were unbooked and presented in the hospital very late. Conclusion: A high proportion of potentially preventable maternal deaths indicate the need for improvements in education for both patient and health care provider. The provision of skilled care and timely management of complications can lower maternal mortality in our setup.

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The assessment of maternal deaths between 2015 and 2020 in Elazığ, Turkey

Perinatal Journal ◽

10.2399/prn.20.0283008 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 183-189

Author(s):

İbrahim Batmaz ◽

Salih Burçin Kavak ◽

Ebru Çelik Kavak ◽

Evrim Gül ◽

Cengiz Şanlı ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Maternal Mortality ◽

Maternal Death ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Family Practitioner ◽

Delay Model ◽

Maternal Deaths ◽

Maternal Mortality Rate ◽

Live Births ◽

Death Cases

Objective: To determine the maternal deaths and the factors affecting them in our city. Methods: The maternal deaths occurred in our city between January 2015 and June 2020 were reviewed retrospectively. The review was conducted by checking “Maternal Death Registry Forms” of the Provincial Directorate of Health. In cases where additional data related with the cause of death were required, the relatives of the cases, associated family practitioner, The Council of Forensic Medicine or local authorities were contacted. The data of the cases including age, gravida, parity, abortion, delivery type, week of gestation during delivery, period of death and maternal deaths due to direct, indirect and incidental causes were recorded. Based on total live births and maternal deaths within 6.5 years, maternal mortality rate was found as the maternal death number per 100,000 live births. Descriptive statistics were used for the statistical analysis of the data. Results: A total of 46.618 live births occurred between 2015 and 2020 in Elazığ. The number of maternal deaths due to direct and indirect causes is 7, and maternal mortality rate was found 15.01/100,000. Hypertensive diseases during pregnancy (n=3, 42.8%), pulmonary embolism (n=1, 14.3%) and cerebral thrombosis (n=1, 14.3%) were among the natural causes of maternal deaths. Indirect cause for maternal death was cardiac diseases (n=2, 28.6%). When they were categorized according to the Three Delays Model, there were 3 death cases in the first delay model and 2 death cases in the third delay model, but there was no maternal death in the second delay model. Conclusion: Maternal death is an significant public health issue which develops due to the generally preventable causes and maintains its importance. The factors contributing to death should be paid attention in order to decrease maternal death rates.

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Historical and Recent Changes in Maternal Mortality Due to Hypertensive Disorders in the United States, 1979 to 2018

Hypertension ◽

10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.17661 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 78 (5) ◽

pp. 1414-1422

Author(s):

Cande V. Ananth ◽

Justin S. Brandt ◽

Jennifer Hill ◽

Hillary L. Graham ◽

Sonal Grover ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Maternal Mortality ◽

Birth Cohort ◽

White Women ◽

Gestational Hypertension ◽

The United States ◽

Chronic Hypertension ◽

Maternal Deaths ◽

Live Births

We evaluated the contributions of maternal age, year of death (period), and year of birth (cohort) on trends in hypertension-related maternal deaths in the United States. We undertook a sequential time series analysis of 155 710 441 live births and 3287 hypertension-related maternal deaths in the United States, 1979 to 2018. Trends in pregnancy-related mortality rate (maternal mortality rate [MMR]) due to chronic hypertension, gestational hypertension, and preeclampsia/eclampsia, were examined. MMR was defined as death during pregnancy or within 42 days postpartum due to hypertension. Trends in overall and race-specific hypertension-related MMR based on age, period, and birth cohort were evaluated based on weighted Poisson models. Trends were also adjusted for secular changes in obesity rates and corrected for potential death misclassification. During the 40-year period, the overall hypertension-related MMR was 2.1 per 100 000 live births, with MMR being almost 4-fold higher among Black compared with White women (5.4 [n=1396] versus 1.4 [n=1747] per 100 000 live births). Advancing age was associated with a sharp increase in MMR at ≥15 years among Black women and at ≥25 years among White women. Birth cohort was also associated with increasing MMR. Preeclampsia/eclampsia-related MMR declined annually by 2.6% (95% CI, 2.2–2.9), but chronic hypertension–related MMR increased annually by 9.2% (95% CI, 7.9–10.6). The decline in MMR was attenuated when adjusted for increasing obesity rates. The temporal burden of hypertension-related MMR in the United States has increased substantially for chronic hypertension–associated MMR and decreased for preeclampsia/eclampsia-associated MMR. Nevertheless, deaths from hypertension continue to contribute substantially to maternal deaths.

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Mapping maternal mortality rate via spatial zero-inflated models for count data: A case study of facility-based maternal deaths from Mozambique

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0202186 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. e0202186 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Osvaldo Loquiha ◽

Niel Hens ◽

Leonardo Chavane ◽

Marleen Temmerman ◽

Nafissa Osman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Maternal Mortality ◽

Count Data ◽

Maternal Deaths ◽

Maternal Mortality Rate

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A study of maternal mortality and midwifery on the Isle of Man, 1882 to 1961

Medical History ◽

10.1017/s0025727300060981 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 141-172 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

C G Pantin

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Maternal Mortality ◽

Maternal Deaths ◽

Family Doctors ◽

Maternal Mortality Rate ◽

Isle Of Man ◽

The Family ◽

Labour Room ◽

Maternity Home ◽

Skilled Staff

The living conditions and the health of Manx mothers continued to improve from 1881 to 1961. Against this background they were at first delivered conservatively and mostly by midwives. During this conservative phase the proportion of mothers surviving childbirth increased as their health improved: by the quinquennium 1907–1911 the maternal mortality rate on the Island was half what it had been twenty years earlier. Between 1912 and 1927 maternal mortality rose and during the quinquennium 1922–1926 the MD/BR was again at the level it had been thirty years before. Some of the maternal deaths during the quinquennium were among women who were subjected to intervention during childbirth by doctors in the unfavourable surroundings of their homes; conditions more suited to delivery by the conservative methods of kindly and patient handywomen. Following the opening of a small maternity home on 6 May 1927 the family doctors began to send their difficult deliveries into the Home where they were looked after by skilled staff and delivered in a well–equipped labour room. Throughout the subsequent decade the MD/BR remained at a level below that in 1907–1911.

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ZERO-INFLATED POISSON REGRESSION TO DETERMINE THE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE MATERNAL MORTALITY RATE IN BANDUNG 2016

Jurnal Ilmiah Matematika dan Pendidikan Matematika ◽

10.20884/1.jmp.2018.10.2.2849 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 93

Author(s):

Sri Rahayu ◽

Nurul Gusriani ◽

Iin Irianingsih

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Maternal Mortality ◽

Expectation Maximization Algorithm ◽

Postpartum Care ◽

Mortality Data ◽

Maternal Deaths ◽

Maternal Mortality Rate ◽

Excess Zeros ◽

Raphson Iteration ◽

Tetanus Toxoid Immunization

In Indonesia, especially Bandung, there are still many cases of maternal deaths during pregnancy, birth, and postpartum which can increase the Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR). Cases of maternal deaths are mostly due to exsanguination, infection, anemia, and the other causes that related to pregnancy. To reduce the MMR of Bandung, we can analyze to determine the factors that influence the MMR in order to maximize the maternal health care programs so as to prevent the possibility of death. The analysis is using Zero-Inflated Poisson (ZIP) regression because maternal mortality data is the result of counting that allows overdispersion due to excess zeros. Regression parameter estimation use expectation maximization algorithm followed by the Newton-Raphson iteration method. The analysis result showed that of the five suspected factors to affect the MMR -such as the first tetanus toxoid immunization (TT1), the provision of 90 Fe tablets (Fe3), postpartum care, pregnancy complications, and the first antenatal care (K1)- only TT1 and postpartum care are significantly affect the MMR.

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Peningkatan Pengetahuan Ibu Tentang Keluarga Berencana Dalam Perspektif Keperawatan Islami Sebagai Upaya Menekan Risiko Kehamilan

Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Al-Irsyad (JPMA) ◽

10.36760/jpma.v2i2.156 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 174-181

Author(s):

Suko Pranowo

Keyword(s):

Family Planning ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Health Education ◽

Maternal Mortality ◽

Community Service ◽

Education Intervention ◽

Childbearing Age ◽

Maternal Mortality Rate ◽

Live Births ◽

Health Education Intervention

The maternal mortality rate (MMR) is an important indicator of the degree of public health. In 2019, Indonesia's MMR was still high, namely 305 per 100,000 live births, while Indonesia's MMR target in 2015 was 102 per 100,000 live births. Problems related to pregnancy and childbirth, including the maternal mortality rate (MMR) and infant mortality rate (IMR) cannot be separated from the various factors that influence it, including maternal health status and readiness for pregnancy, antenatal examinations (pregnancy), delivery assistance. and immediate care after delivery, as well as socio-cultural factors. Pregnancy with a distance that is too close will increase the risk of bleeding, miscarriage, and postpartum death. One of the efforts to prevent it is by joining the family planning program to restore conditions after being pregnant before. This community service is carried out in RW 14, Sidanegara Village, Cilacap Tengah District. The purpose of this community service is to provide an understanding to couples of childbearing age about family planning in the view of Islamic nursing. It is hoped that couples of childbearing age can understand and finally decide to participate in family planning in order to improve the health of mothers and children. After the health education was carried out, data showed that there was a significant increase in knowledge, namely the good category before the health education intervention as many as 0 people (0%) and the good category after the health education intervention as many as 17 people (94.44%). There was an increase in the number of participants who had knowledge in good categories, namely 17 people. Has a difference in the average pre and post test knowledge value of 3.33. It is hoped that couples of childbearing age become family planning acceptors to prevent the risk of pregnancy and be able to plan their families well.

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Maternal Mortality Trends in Spain During the 2000-2018 Period: The Role of Maternal Origin

10.21203/rs.3.rs-640468/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Santiago García-Tizón Larroca ◽

Juan Arevalo Serrano ◽

Maria Ruiz Minaya ◽

Pilar Paya Martinez ◽

Ricardo Perez Fernandez Pacheco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Maternal Mortality ◽

Human Development ◽

Maternal Death ◽

Human Development Index ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Maternal Origin ◽

Development Index ◽

Maternal Mortality Rate ◽

Live Births

Abstract Backround: The available literature indicates that there are significant differences in maternal mortality according to maternal origin in high income countries. The aim of this study was to examine the trend in the maternal mortality rate and its most common causes in Spain in recent years and to analyse its relationship with maternal origin.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of all live births as well as those resulting in maternal death in Spain during the period between 2000 and 2018. A descriptive analysis of the maternal mortality rate by cause, region of birth, maternal age, marital status, human development index and continent of maternal origin was performed. The risk of maternal death was calculated using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, with adjustment for certain variables included in the descriptive analysis.Results: There was a total of 293 maternal deaths and 8,439,324 live births during the study period. The most common cause of maternal death was hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. The average maternal death rate was 3.47 per 100,000 live births. The risk of suffering from this complication was higher for immigrant women from less developed countries; therefore, a decrease of 0.01 in the maternal human development index score significantly increased the risk of this complication by 2.4%.Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that there are inequalities in maternal mortality according to maternal origin in Spain. The human development index of the country of maternal origin could be a useful tool when estimating the risk of this complication, taking into account the origin of the pregnant woman.

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