scholarly journals The Optimal Formula for Organic Oil Immobilization in Algerian Petroleum Drill Cuttings Using Solidification/Stabilisation Treatment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbas Hadj Abbas ◽  
Abidi Saad Aissa ◽  
Khodja Mohamed ◽  
Sagala Farad ◽  
Hacini Messaoud
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Optimum Ratio ◽  
Drill Cuttings ◽  
Drilling Waste ◽  
Organophilic Clay ◽  
Optimum Formula

Abstract Hassi Messaoud oil field is one of the most important fields in Algeria and the world, because it covers an important quantity of total Crude Oil Production in Algeria. Furthermore, two-thirds of this oil field is underexplored or not explored. Therefore, the drilling process of petroleum wells in this field is a continuous process that results in significant drilling waste. This implies that, enormous noxious quantities of drilling waste are produced daily that require treatment via solidification/stabilization (S/S) process before being landfilled. These types of wastes have pollution concentration that significantly exceeds the safety standards. In this study, we focus on the factors affecting the solidification/stabilization treatment of the drill cuttings obtained from Hassi Messaoud oil field and the process optimization. The solidification/stabilization is performed using the cement as binder, sand, silicate, organophilic clay and activated carbon as additives. The study is divided in two steps: (i) aims to determine the optimum ratio of each element used in the S/S process for the organic element (hydrocarbon) elimination, (ii) aims to combine the optimum ratios found in the previous step to determine the optimal mixture. The obtained results in the first step showed that the optimum ratio for the cement-to-drill cuttings mass ratio is 0.09:1. For the additives-to-drill cuttings mass ratio are 0.04:1, 0.006:1, 0.013:1 and 0.013:1 for the sand, sodium silicate, Organophilic clay and activated carbon, respectively. An optimum formula is found which its main finding shows that the hydrocarbon content of our sample is dropped from 9.40 to 1.999%. Many tests results before landfilling were investigated such as matrix permeability, resistance to free compression and heavy metals rate before and after S/S process. Besides that, in the light of outcomes achieved by this assessment these harmful cuttings can be converted into a useful product that helps in reducing the environmental foot prints.

Study of the Porous Structure and High Adsorption Capacity of Biomass-Based Activated Carbon Prepared from Aspen Wood by Ferric Nitrate III Activation

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-144
Author(s):  
Chunjiang Jin ◽  
Huimin Chen ◽  
Luyuan Wang ◽  
Xingxing Cheng ◽  
Donghai An ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Aspen Wood ◽  
Surface Functional Groups ◽  
Wood Sawdust

In this study, aspen wood sawdust was used as the raw material, and Fe(NO3)3 and CO2 were used as activators. Activated carbon powder (ACP) was produced by the one-step physicochemical activation method in an open vacuum tube furnace. The effects of different mass ratios of Fe(NO3)3 and aspen wood sawdust on the pore structure of ACP were examined under single-variable experimental conditions. The mass ratio was 0–0.4. The detailed characteristics of ACP were examined by nitrogen adsorption, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The adsorption capacity of ACP was established by simulating volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using ethyl acetate. The results showed that ACP has a good nanostructure with a large pore volume, specific surface area, and surface functional groups. The pore volume and specific surface area of Fe-AC-0.3 were 0.26 cm3/g and 455.36 m2/g, respectively. The activator played an important role in the formation of the pore structure and morphology of ACP. When the mass ratio was 0–0.3, the porosity increased linearly, but when it was higher than 0.3, the porosity decreased. For example, the pore volume and specific surface area of Fe-AC-0.4 reached 0.24 cm3/g and 430.87 m2/g, respectively. ACP presented good VOC adsorption performance. The Fe-AC-0.3 sample, which contained the most micropore structures, presented the best adsorption capacity for ethyl acetate at 712.58 mg/g. Under the action of the specific reaction products nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and oxygen, the surface of modified ACP samples showed different rich C/O/N surface functional groups, including C-H, C=C, C=O, C-O-C, and C-N.

Technologies for Safe Handling of Drilling Waste during Well Construction in the Ob Bay

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-60
Author(s):  
A.D. Dzyublo ◽  
◽  
S.О. Borozdin ◽  
E.E. Altukhov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Kara Sea ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Gas Condensate ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Field Calculation ◽  
Drilling Waste

Development of the Russian oil and gas fields in the Arctic requires ensuring industrial and environmental safety of conduct of the operations. Large and unique oil and gas condensate fields are discovered in the southern part of the Kara Sea. The Kamennomysskoye-Sea, Severo-Kamennomysskoye, Semakovskoye, Parusovoye, etc. gas condensate fields are located in the Ob Bay of the Kara Sea. The raw material base of the Severo-Obskoye gas condensate field, unique in terms of the reserves, will become the basis for future Arctic LNG projects. Based on the published data, the initial recoverable total hydrocarbon resources in the Ob and Taz bays are about seven billion tons. Active exploration and commissioning of the already discovered fields require the large volumes of well drilling in a freezing sea, the presence of permafrost, and gas hydrates. During construction of the wells and operation of the offshore ice-resistant oil and gas production platforms, it is required to ensure the disposal of drilling waste (cuttings) and domestic water. There are two technologies for waste disposal — injection into the reservoir or into the clay formations. The first one is used in onshore fields, the second one — on the shelf. Injection into a clay reservoir is successfully used in the Lunskoye gas field on the shelf of the Sakhalin island, and on the Prirazlomnoye oil field in the Pechora Sea. The possibility of using the method and the selection of a reservoir for injecting waste into it requires a geological justification, and the reservoir should ensure a stable injectivity of the required volume. The article presents the results of modeling the injection into the formation of drilling waste, and the waste of the household activities for the Kamennomysskoe-Sea gas condensate field. Calculation was made concerning the zone of absorption of the technological waste into the designed well of the offshore ice-resistant stationary platform. Formation allocation for waste injection was made according to the data of a complex of offshore wells geophysical studies. Three packs of sandy-argillaceous rocks with high reservoir properties were selected as the object of industrial waste disposal. Сalculation was carried out related to the radius of the spread of waste (effluent) in the target reservoir considering drilling and operation of twenty five wells, the construction of which is planned for five years. The results of modeling the process of pumping industrial waste of various types into an absorption well showed that the planned volumes can be successfully disposed of in the selected objects. This will allow to ensure functioning of the marine industry and its environmental safety.

Inhibiting Calcium Chloride Heavy Brines to be Used as Drilling Fluids: Hurdles Encountered in Treatment, Application, Corrosion Mitigation, Solubility, and Foaming Tendencies for Drilling Sites in Canada

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thenuka M. Ariyaratna ◽  
Nihal U. Obeyesekere ◽  
Tharindu S. Jayaneththi ◽  
Jonathan J. Wylde
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Inhibitor ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitors ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Solvent System ◽  
Test Fluid ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Drill Cuttings ◽  
Well Completion ◽  
Completion Fluids

Abstract A need for more economic drilling fluids has been addressed by repurposing heavy brines typically used as completion fluids. Heavy brine corrosion inhibitors have been designed for stagnant systems. Drilling fluids are subjected to both heavy agitation and aeration through recirculation systems and atmospheric exposure during the various stages of the drilling process. This paper documents the development of heavy brine corrosion inhibitors to meet these additional drilling fluid requirements. Multiple system scenarios were presented requiring a methodical evaluation of corrosion inhibitor specifications while still maintaining performance. Due to the high density of heavy brine, traditional methods of controlling foaming were not feasible or effective. Additional product characteristics had to be modified to allow for the open mud pits where employees would be working, higher temperatures, contamination from drill cuttings, and product efficacy reduction due to absorption from solids. The product should not have any odor, should have a high flash point, and mitigate corrosion in the presence of drill cuttings, oxygen, and sour gases. Significant laboratory development and testing were done in order to develop corrosion inhibitors for use in heavy brines based on system conditions associated with completion fluids. The application of heavy brine as a drilling fluid posed new challenges involving foam control, solubility, product stability, odor control, and efficacy when mixed with drill cuttings. The key to heavy brine corrosion inhibitor efficacy is solubility in a supersaturated system. The solvent packages developed to be utilized in such environments were highly sensitive and optimized for stagnant and sealed systems. Laboratory testing was conducted utilizing rotating cylinder electrode tests with drill cuttings added to the test fluid. Product components that were found to have strong odors or low flash points were removed or replaced. Extensive foaming evaluations of multiple components helped identify problematic chemistries. Standard defoamers failed to control foaming but the combination of a unique solvent system helped to minimize foaming. The evaluations were able to minimize foaming and yield a low odor product that was suitable for open mud pits and high temperatures without compromising product efficacy. The methodology developed to transition heavy brine corrosion inhibitors from well completion applications to drilling fluid applications proved to be more complex than initially considered. This paper documents the philosophy of this transitioning and the hurdles that were overcome to ensure the final product met the unique system guidelines. The novel use of heavy brines as drilling fluids has created a need for novel chemistries to inhibit corrosion in a new application.

scholarly journals Decontamination Efficiency of Phenylamine using Foam coupled Acidic Spray

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 ◽  
pp. 02008
Author(s):  
Wang Shouzhong ◽  
Zhou Zhen ◽  
Zhang Tong ◽  
Fang Xiaojun ◽  
Miao Chaoyang
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Environmental Issue ◽  
Mass Ratio

A sudden leak of phenylamine is an urgent environmental issue due to its liquidity and volatility. To overcome this difficulty, the decontamination efficiency of spray, foam, and activated carbon to phenylamine was explored using simulated leak box. Furthermore, a new decontamination method of foam coupling with acidic spray was proposed to decontaminate phenylamine. Its decontamination efficiency for phenylamine gas was up to 90% after 3 min adsorption at 3:1 mass ratio and phenylamine liquid was solidified quickly.

The Performance of Microelectrolysis in Improving the Biodegradability Landfill Leachate

2013 ◽  
Vol 448-453 ◽  
pp. 1399-1402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Zhao ◽  
Xiao Gu Cheng ◽  
Ping He Yin ◽  
Gang Lu ◽  
Jun Chang Suo
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge Process ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
A Value ◽  
Mature Landfill Leachate

The aim of this study was to check the effectiveness of microelectrolysis for the pretreatment of a municipal landfill leachate with the objective improving its overall biodegradability, evaluated in terms of BOD5/COD ratio, up to a value compatible with biological treatment. The best microelectrolysis operational conditions for achieving the desired COD values were: pH=2.0; granular activated carbon (GAC) =10 g/L; mass ratio of zero iron (Fe0)/GAC=2:1; reaction time=90 min. The BOD5/COD was significantly improved from 0.12 to 0.31, which allowed an almost 85% removal of COD by a sequential activated sludge process. The results show that the microelectrolysis is a promising technology to improve the biodegradability of mature landfill leachate.

The Effect of Drilling Waste on Water Resources - The Elemental Composition of Waste

2017 ◽  
Vol 743 ◽  
pp. 338-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Sergeevna Mishunina ◽  
Alena Andreevna Mekh ◽  
Egor Grigorevich Yazikov
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil Fields ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Gas Wells ◽  
Drill Cuttings ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Drilling Waste ◽  
Oil And Gas Wells ◽  
Tomsk Region

In order to maintain the volume of oil and gas supplies, the number of oil and gas wells increases every year, drilling platforms are built, which proportionally increases the amount of sludge and drilling waste mud, which must be recycled. The research gives light to the danger of introducing chemical substances into various natural environments from industrial and anthropogenic sources on an example of drill cuttings from oil fields of Tomsk region.

Chromium removal from flocculation effluent of liquid-phase oil-based drill-cuttings using powdered activated carbon

2007 ◽  
Vol 84 (10) ◽  
pp. 1002-1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Ayotamuno ◽  
R.N. Okparanma ◽  
S.O.T. Ogaji ◽  
S.D. Probert
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Powdered Activated Carbon ◽  
Chromium Removal ◽  
Drill Cuttings

Influence of Rock Chemical Composition in Microwave Heating and Decontamination of Drill Cuttings

2017 ◽  
Vol 899 ◽  
pp. 469-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irineu Petri Jr. ◽  
Jéssika Marina dos Santos ◽  
Arley Silva Rossi ◽  
Marina Seixas Pereira ◽  
Claudio Roberto Duarte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Heating ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Microwave Drying ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Heating Unit ◽  
Drill Cuttings ◽  
Gas Drilling

Drill cuttings generated by oil and gas drilling process are incorporated into the drilling fluid to ensure an efficient drilling and solids removal. The drilling rigs have a separation system accountable for separating drill cuttings and drilling fluids. Microwave drying is a new technology of separation that has been studied as an alternative to the currently drill cuttings dryer used. The results obtained in preliminary studies showed that this microwave drying is sensitive to different oxides presents into the rock. Thus, this study aimed to describe the microwave heating kinetics of some rocks in order to verify the interaction of oxides with electromagnetic waves. For this, the oxide contents of the rocks were determined by X-ray Fluorescence and different rocks were heated in a microwave heating unit. The results showed that the relationship between the temperature and heating time is exponential and depends on the rock oxide contents. It was found that the iron oxides may be unstable at microwave and rocks with high levels of magnesium oxides and sulfates tend to be good absorbers of microwave. Rocks containing high levels of calcium, silicon, titanium, barium and chloride (NaCl) are not good absorbers of microwave. It was also noted that faster solid heating, lesser the efficiency of microwave drying.

Preparation of Size and Morphology Controlled Gold Nanoparticles in Micro-Emulsion and in Aqueous

2012 ◽  
Vol 184-185 ◽  
pp. 1138-1141
Author(s):  
Yan Biao Zhang ◽  
Xiao Hui Zhang ◽  
Hong Zong Yin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Light Scattering ◽  
Homogeneous Distribution ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Optimum Ratio ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Micro Emulsion ◽  
Size And Morphology

In this study, we prepared gold nanoparticles in micro-emulsion and found the optimum ratio of micro-emulsion for preparing gold nanoparticles. We reported a new stabilizer for preparing gold nanoparticles in aqueous and found the optimum mass ratio between the stabilizer and chlorauric acid. All gold nanoparticles prepared by these two methods were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer and synchronous light-scattering spectrophotometer. The results of transmission electron microscopy showed that the diameter range of gold nanoparticles prepared in micro-emulsion was 5~10 nm, and that in aqueous was 10~15 nm. They all had homogeneous distribution and dense structures.

The Polymer Cement Fluid Loss Reducer in Haita Region

2014 ◽  
Vol 1010-1012 ◽  
pp. 1772-1775
Author(s):  
Xiao Hui Zhang ◽  
De Cheng Ma ◽  
Ji Gang Wang ◽  
An Qi Tong
Keyword(s):  
Oil Field ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Oil Well ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Well Bore ◽  
Foreign Products ◽  
Process Formation ◽  
Oil Well Cement ◽  
Single Well ◽  
Well Cement

The underground situation of Haita oil field is complicated, the chasm develop better, prone appear card and collapsed situation in drilling process. Formation dip larger and prone appear well deviation in drilling process, repeatedly corrected well deviation cause the quality of well bore worse, leading to a large segment of "pregnant", "the candied fruit" well hole. Well diameter irregular and well bore quality assurance is not easy, bring difficulty on ensure cementing project quality. Statistics substandard quality cementing wells during drilling, the average single well corrected well deviation up to 3 times. The oil well cement fluid loss reducer of our country experiencing imitation, self-study and self-improvement process. Especially since the 1990s, the research and application of domestic oil well cement fluid loss reducer rendered vitality, a series of fluid loss reducer products gradually replace foreign products.

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