Microorganisms associated with intraamniotic infection among women with preterm birth at Ruhengeri Referral Hospital, Rwanda: A case-control study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Callixte Yadufashije ◽  
Jasmine Umugwaneza ◽  
Cedrick Izere ◽  
Emmanuel Munyeshyaka ◽  
Albert Onyango Mala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Fetal Membrane ◽  
Term Birth ◽  
Intraamniotic Infection ◽  
Streptococcus Species ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background Preterm birth could be a worldwide open well-being danger. It was assessed that each year 15 million neonates are born prematurely around the world, and 40% brought about from intrauterine infections. Methods A total of 40 women were selected. Of the 40 women, 20 had a premature birth, and the remaining 20 had a full-term birth. 120 Swab samples were collected from the placenta, amniotic fluids, and fetal membrane immediately after birth. The sterile cotton swab was used to collect samples and put into swabs Stuart plastic to avoid sample contamination. Samples were transported to the clinical microbiology laboratory at INES Ruhengeri for microbiological investigation. Gram staining, culture, and biochemical tests were performed. The independent t-test was used to test for significant difference between means of the two groups, while the chi-square test (x2) was used to test for significant association with microorganisms and intraamniotic infections. Results The findings revealed that half of the participants were in the age range of 24–29 years. Non- Albicans Candida (32.7%) and mold (27.9%) were the foremost overwhelming confined microorganisms. Some microorganisms were common to the placenta, amniotic fluid, and fetal membrane. Only Non-Albicans Candida and mold were common to samples of both preterm and full-term women, Staphylococcus species was observed in placental and fetal membrane samples and absented in amniotic fluid. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species, Streptococcus species, and Candida Albicans were only observed among women with preterm birth. To compare isolated microorganisms between both preterm and full-term birth, the significance test of mean was performed. There was a statistically significant difference between the two means in the amniotic fluid isolates (t = 4.023, P = 0.006522), placental membrane isolates (t = 7.17, P = 0.000372), and fetal membrane isolates (t = 6.7, P = 0.000537). Association with microorganisms and intraamniotic infection was statistically significant with Escherichia coli (x2 = 3.98, P = 0.046044), Streptococcus species (x2 = 5.53, P = 0.018693), Yeast (x2 = 8.37, P = 0.003815) and Candida Albicans (x2 = 3.98, P = 0.046044). Conclusion Invasion of the amniotic fluid, placenta, and fetal membranes by pathogenic microorganisms may be associated with the incidence of preterm labor and birth. Early diagnosis is recommended to avoid both maternal and fetal complications.

Interleukin-6 and Malondialdehyde in Women with Preterm Birth

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-212
Author(s):  
Vinita Verma ◽  
Hina Oza ◽  
Riddhi Thaker ◽  
Sunil Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Term Birth ◽  
Weak Negative Correlation

Background: Preterm Birth (PTB) is one of the main causes of neonatal death and infant mortality and morbidity. The pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a major proinflammatory mediator of the host response to infection and malondialdehyde (MDA) is a marker of oxidative stress. Objective : To evaluate potential associations between IL-6 and MDA levels in women with preterm birth. Method: A total of 150 women (66 with full-term and 84 with PTB) were enrolled in this case-control study. Predesigned performas were filled through questionnaire interviews to collect data on personal, demographic, occupational, lifestyle and reproductive history. Blood samples were collected within 36 hours of delivery. Serum concentrations of IL-6 and MDA were determined in mothers with full-term and preterm birth. Results: The mean age was marginally higher; whereas BMI was slightly lower in cases (PTB) as compared to controls (full-term) subjects. Serum IL-6 and MDA levels were significantly higher in subjects with PTB than full-term birth. The data were further analyzed with respect to underweight, normal and overweight/obese BMI. In all the BMI categories, the levels of IL-6 and MDA were higher in PTB cases. Among the PTB categories, the levels of IL-6 and MDA were highest in moderate to late preterm birth. A significant positive correlation was found between IL-6 and MDA levels. There was a weak negative correlation between either IL-6 or MDA and the number of gestational weeks. Conclusion : Elevated maternal serum levels of Interleukin-6 and Malondialdehyde in preterm as compared to full-term birth might suggest that inflammation and oxidative stress play a critical role in PTB.

scholarly journals The Long-Term Effect of Preterm Birth on Renal Function: A Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 2951
Author(s):  
Ju Sun Heo ◽  
Jiwon M. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Preterm Group ◽  
Preterm Born

The preterm-born adult population is ever increasing following improved survival rates of premature births. We conducted a meta-analysis to investigate long-term effects of preterm birth on renal function in preterm-born survivors. We searched PubMed and EMBASE to identify studies that compared renal function in preterm-born survivors and full-term-born controls, published until 2 February 2019. A random effects model with standardized mean difference (SMD) was used for meta-analyses. Heterogeneity of the studies was evaluated using Higgin’s I2 statistics. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa quality assessment scale. Of a total of 24,388 articles screened, 27 articles were finally included. Compared to full-term-born controls, glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow were significantly decreased in preterm survivors (SMD −0.54, 95% confidence interval (CI), −0.85 to −0.22, p = 0.0008; SMD −0.39, 95% CI, −0.74 to −0.04, p = 0.03, respectively). Length and volume of the kidneys were significantly decreased in the preterm group compared to the full-term controls (SMD −0.73, 95% CI, −1.04 to −0.41, p < 0.001; SMD −0.82, 95% CI, −1.05 to −0.60, p < 0.001, respectively). However, serum levels of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and cystatin C showed no significant difference. The urine microalbumin to creatinine ratio was significantly increased in the preterm group. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressures were also significantly elevated in the preterm group, although the plasma renin level did not differ. This meta-analysis demonstrates that preterm-born survivors may be subject to decreased glomerular filtration, increased albuminuria, decreased kidney size and volume, and hypertension even though their laboratory results may not yet deteriorate.

scholarly journals Comparative effects of oral versus vaginal indomethacin on amniotic fluid and fetal membrane cytokines in a rabbit model for RU486-induced preterm birth

2005 ◽  
Vol 193 (6) ◽  
pp. S50
Author(s):  
Wilbert Fortson (F) ◽  
Kay Beharry ◽  
Jeremy Sills ◽  
Patricia Abad-Santos ◽  
Tamerou Asrat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Fetal Membrane

875: Prior full term birth does not decrease the risk of recurrent preterm birth

2015 ◽  
Vol 212 (1) ◽  
pp. S417
Author(s):  
Stephanie Purisch ◽  
Michal Elovitz ◽  
Amy Turitz ◽  
Lisa Levine
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Term Birth

scholarly journals Prematurity Stereotyping: Absence of Evidence (DRAFT 1.DEC2015)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morteza Ansarinia
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Ultimatum Game ◽  
Full Term ◽  
The Other ◽  
Physical Size ◽  
Term Birth ◽  
Statistical Interaction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Absence Of Evidence

Forty-seven participants attended an experiment to rate two infants according to their perceived behavior. Half of participants rated in a setting where one infant identified with prematurely born (PL) and the other with full-term birth (FTL). The rest rated with the same configuration, except those labels were swapped for the infants. Results showed not significant difference between PL and FTL for perceived strength, alertness, and physical size. But participants rated FTL infants more positively for motor coordination. Moreover, statistical interaction between two infants when they are presented simultaneously was found and further studies seem necessary to investigate interactions more. A new experimental design to study attitudes via ultimatum game is proposed. In general, previous findings of prematurity stereotyping is replicated partially, but it does not count as an evidence for the rejection of the prematurity stereotyping hypotheses.

scholarly journals Serum Cytokine Levels in Term and Preterm Deliveries Relating to the Periodontal Health of Mothers: A Pilot Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-115
Author(s):  
Istvan Gorzo ◽  
Tibor Novák ◽  
Hajnalka Orvos ◽  
Mariann Kovács ◽  
Barbara Bóka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Serum Cytokine ◽  
Periodontal Health ◽  
Term Birth ◽  
Periodontal Status ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cytokine Levels

ABSTRACT Background The aim of the study was to evaluate serumlevels of interleukin-1, beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factoralpha (TNF-α) at birth and compare the values in case of preterm birth and normal birth groups of mothers considering the mothers’ periodontal status. Materials and methods Blood samples from 81 women (preterm birth, 41 women, and term birth, 40 women) were collected within half an hour of after delivery. Serum levels of IL-1β and TNF-α were measured. Periodontal status was characterized by bleeding on probing (BOP) and probing depth (PD). Results The frequency of BOP differed significantly between preterm and term groups; however, mean PD did not show a significant difference. Serum IL-1β levels were significantly higher in the preterm birth group. The levels TNF-α were slightly bigger in the term birth group, the difference was significant. The rank correlation showed a significant negative relationship between serum IL-1β and TNF-α level and birth weight and the length of pregnancy, and also between BOP frequency and the length of pregnancy. Conclusion Within the limitations of the study, it was found that IL-1β and TNF-α levels were higher when the delivery occurred preterm and the birth weight was smaller; however, a significant increase of cytokines in the serum in connection with maternal periodontal disease was not detected. Periodontics of mothers was not associated with preterm birth in the sample. How to cite this article Radnai M, Novák T, Orvos H, Kovács M, Bóka B, Kele B, Gorzó I. Serum Cytokine Levels in Term and Preterm Deliveries Relating to the Periodontal Health of Mothers: A Pilot Study. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2015;4(2):109-115.

scholarly journals Maternal obesity classes, preterm and post-term birth: a retrospective analysis of 479,864 births in England

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Slack ◽  
Kate E. Best ◽  
Judith Rankin ◽  
Nicola Heslehurst
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Term Birth ◽  
Gestational Age At Delivery ◽  
Maternal Bmi

Abstract Background Preterm (< 37 weeks gestation) and post–term birth (≥42 weeks gestation) are associated with increased morbidity and mortality for mother and infant. Obesity (body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2) is increasing in women of reproductive age. Maternal obesity has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes including preterm and post–term birth. However, the effect sizes vary according to the subgroups of both maternal BMI and gestational age considered. The aim of this retrospective analysis was to determine the association between maternal obesity classes and gestational age at delivery. Methods A secondary data analysis of 13 maternity units in England with information on 479,864 singleton live births between 1990 and 2007. BMI categories were: underweight (< 18.5 kg/m2), recommended weight (18.5–24.9 kg/m2), overweight (25.0–29.9 kg/m2) and obesity classes I (30.0–34.9 kg/m2), II (35.0–39.9 kg/m2), IIIa (40–49.9 kg/m2) and IIIb (≥50 kg/m2). Gestational age at delivery categories were: Gestational age at delivery (weeks): extreme preterm (20–27), very preterm (28–31), moderately preterm (32–36), early term (37, 38), full term (39–40), late term (41) and post–term (≥42). The adjusted odds of births in each gestational age category (compared to full-term birth), according to maternal BMI categories were estimated using multinomial logistic regression. Missing data were estimated using multiple imputation with chained equations. Results There was a J-shaped association between the absolute risk of extreme, very and moderate preterm birth and BMI category, with the greatest effect size for extreme preterm. The absolute risk of post-term birth increased monotonically as BMI category increased. The largest effect sizes were observed for class IIIb obesity and extreme preterm birth (adjusted OR 2.80, 95% CI 1.31–5.98). Conclusion Women with class IIIb obesity have the greatest risks for inadequate gestational age. Combining obesity classes does not accurately represent risks for many women as it overestimates the risk of all preterm and post-term categories for women with class I obesity, and underestimates the risk for women in all other obesity classes.

467: Prior full term birth reduces risk of short cervical length in women at risk for preterm birth

2013 ◽  
Vol 208 (1) ◽  
pp. S203
Author(s):  
Amy Turitz ◽  
Jamie Bastek ◽  
Lisa Levine ◽  
Michal Elovitz
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Cervical Length ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Term Birth

scholarly journals Preterm birth and nativity among Black women with gestational diabetes in California, 2013–2017: a population-based retrospective cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen A. Scott ◽  
Brittany D. Chambers ◽  
Rebecca J. Baer ◽  
Kelli K. Ryckman ◽  
Monica R. McLemore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Term Birth ◽  
Early Term ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background Despite the disproportionate prevalence of gestational diabetes (GDM) and preterm birth (PTB) and their associated adverse perinatal outcomes among Black women, little is known about PTB among Black women with GDM. Specifically, the relationship between PTB by subtype (defined as indicated PTB and spontaneous PT labor) and severity, GDM, and nativity has not been well characterized. Here we examine the risk of PTB by severity (early < 34 weeks, late 34 to 36 weeks) and early term birth (37 to 38 weeks) by nativity among Black women with GDM in California. Methods This retrospective cohort study used linked birth certificate and hospital discharge data for 8609 of the 100,691 self-identifying non-Hispanic Black women with GDM who had a singleton live birth between 20 and 44 weeks gestation in California in 2013–2017. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were examine risks for PTB, by severity and subtype, and early term birth using multivariate regression modeling. Results Approximately, 83.9% of Black women with GDM were US-born and 16.1% were foreign-born. The overall prevalence of early PTB, late PTB, and early term birth was 3.8, 9.5, and 29.9%, respectively. Excluding history of prior PTB, preeclampsia was the greatest overall risk factor for early PTB (cOR = 6.7, 95%, CI 5.3 to 8.3), late PTB (cOR = 4.3, 95%, CI 3.8 to 5.0), and early term birth (cOR = 1.8, 95%, CI 1.6 to 2.0). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of PTB by subtypes and nativity (p = 0.5963). Overall, 14.2% of US- compared to 8.9% of foreign-born women had a PTB (early PTB: aOR = 0.56, 95%, CI 0.38 to 0.82; late PTB: aOR = 0.57, 95%, CI 0.45 to 0.73; early term birth: aOR = 0.67, 95%, CI 0.58 to 0.77). Conclusions Foreign-born status remained protective of PTB, irrespective of severity and subtype. Preeclampsia, PTB, and GDM share pathophysiologic mechanisms suggesting a need to better understand differences in perinatal stress, chronic disease, and vascular dysfunction based on nativity in future epidemiologic studies and health services research.

scholarly journals The Activities Of Combination Citrus hystrix Peel Extract and Carica papaya Leaves Extract Against Candida albicans and Escherichia coli

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
Septarini Dian Anitasari ◽  
Dwi Nur Rikhma Sari
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Antimicrobial Compounds ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Orange Fruit ◽  
Peel Extract

Citrus hystrix Peel Extract and Carica papaya Leaves Extract contain several active components that can be used as antimicrobial compounds. The aim was to test a mixture of extracts from Citrus hystrix peel and Carica papaya leaves as growth inhibiting compounds for Candida albicans and Escherichia coli. This study used 4 levels of treatment, namely a combination of papaya leaves extract and orange fruit peel at concentrations of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. The research data were in the form of the diameter of the growth inhibition of Escherichia coli and Candida fungi, which were analyzed using the Kruskall-Wallis test at 5% confidence level and 5% Duncan's test. showed a significant difference between treatments, but the concentration of 100% showed better results to inhibit Escherichia coli (1.58 ± 0.28 d) and the growth of Candida albicans (1.53 ± 0.57b) compared to controls and other concentrations.

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