scholarly journals Assessment the Diversity of Circulating Natural Killer Cells Between Active Tuberculosis and Latent Tuberculosis Infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Zhou ◽  
Haiping Lan ◽  
Hanlu Shi ◽  
Peihao Wu ◽  
Yonglie Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Nk Cells ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Membrane Receptors ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Cell Compartments ◽  
Latent Tb ◽  
Latent Tb Infection ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

Abstract Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading global public health problem, but the mechanisms underlying the immunopathology of TB progression are not well understood. It is currently believed that Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection can modify NK cell phenotypic signatures. Hence, our study was designed to investigate the diversity of circulating NK cells between active TB and latent TB infection. Peripheral blood NK subsets, as well as their expression of activating and inhibitory membrane receptors in different TB-infected status were evaluated in the present study. Results: Significant differences of NK phenotypes were observed in the ATB, LTBI and HC populations. Among them, CD56BrightCD16Dim (PATB VS HC=0.008, PLTBI VS HC=0.017) and CD27+CD56BrightCD16Dim (PATB VS HC=0.022, PLTBI VS HC=0.004) NK subsets were increased in TB-infected groups compared with HC group. On the contrary, the proportion of CD27 in NK cells (PATB VS HC=0.036, PLTBI VS HC=0.006) and CD56DimCD16+ NK subsets (PATB VS HC=0.0001, PLTBI VS HC=0.001) were diminished in TB-infected groups. Furthermore, the proportion of KLRG1 in NK cells (P=0.036), as well as their subsets CD56DimCD16+ NK (P=0.046) and CD27+ NK (P=0.027), were increased significantly in LTBI compared with the ATB group; while Mtb specific IFN-γ+CD56BrightCD16Dim NK cells expressed higher KLRG1 in ATB than LTBI (P=0.027). Within CD56BrightCD16DimNK subsets, the percentage of KLRG1 was elevated in ATB patients compared with HC group (P=0.037). However, the expression of activating receptor NKG2D in NK and its subsets showed no significant between the three participant groups.Conclusions: The present results demonstrated that the different TB infection states were coupled with the diversity of NK cell compartments, and the expression of KLRG1 in NK cells might be a specific phenotype to modulate the progression of TB from latent to active.

scholarly journals Latent Tuberculosis Infection

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Zellweger ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Pulmonary Involvement ◽  
World Health ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Expert Interview ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Latent Tb ◽  
Latent Tb Infection

Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global public health problem and is the leading cause of death linked to a single pathogen, ranking above human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).1 Clinically, TB has been categorised as active disease (patients who are generally symptomatic and may be infectious if pulmonary involvement is present) and latent infection (asymptomatic and not infectious, but at variable risk for progression to active TB disease). It is increasingly being recognised that latent TB infection (LTBI) reflects diverse responses to infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and may lead to heterogeneous clinical outcomes. In an expert interview, Jean-Pierre Zellweger discusses the latest World Health Organisation (WHO) guidelines on the management of LTBI.

4H-1,3-Benzothiazin-4-one a Promising Class Against MDR/XDR-TB

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 567-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Vinicius Nora de Souza ◽  
Thais Cristina Mendonça Nogueira
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Time ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Synthesis Mechanism ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Latent Disease ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Chemical Class ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

Nowadays, tuberculosis (TB) is an important global public health problem, being responsible for millions of TB-related deaths worldwide. Due to the increased number of cases and resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to all drugs used for the treatment of this disease, we desperately need new drugs and strategies that could reduce treatment time with fewer side effects, reduced cost and highly active drugs against resistant strains and latent disease. Considering that, 4H-1,3-benzothiazin-4-one is a promising class of antimycobacterial agents in special against TB-resistant strains being the aim of this review the discussion of different aspects of this chemical class such as synthesis, mechanism of action, medicinal chemistry and combination with other drugs.

scholarly journals Prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection and feasibility of TB preventive therapy among Thai prisoners: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sivaporn Gatechompol ◽  
Weerakit Harnpariphan ◽  
Ruamthip Supanan ◽  
Gompol Suwanpimolkul ◽  
Jiratchaya Sophonphan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Preventive Therapy ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ltbi Prevalence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Latent Tb ◽  
Latent Tb Infection

Abstract Background Prisons are considered as major reservoirs for tuberculosis. Preventive therapy for latent TB infection (LTBI) is an adjunctive strategy to control TB. However, LTBI data in Thai prisoners is limited. This study assessed the prevalence of LTBI and feasibility of isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT). Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among prisoners in Klong Prem Central Prison, Bangkok. Participants were screened for active TB by questionnaire and chest X-ray. LTBI was evaluated by Tuberculin skin test (TST) and QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus (QFTP) among subgroup. Participants with positive TST or QFTP were considered to have LTBI. Participants with LTBI were offered IPT. Results From August 2018–November 2019, 1002 participants were analyzed. All participants were male with a median age of 38 (IQR 32–50) years. LTBI identified by either TST/QFTP was present in 466 (46.5%) participants. TST was positive in 359 (36%) participants. In the subgroup of 294 participants who had both TST and QFTP results, 181/294 (61.6%) tested positive by QFTP. Agreement between TST and QFTP was 55.1% (Kappa = 0.17). The risk factors associated with LTBI were previous incarceration (aOR 1.53, 95%CI, 1.16–2.01, p = 0.002), history of prior active TB (aOR 3.02, 95%CI, 1.74–5.24, p < 0.001) and duration of incarceration ≥10 years (aOR 1.86, 95%CI, 1.24–2.79, p = 0.003). Majority of LTBI participants (82%) agreed to take IPT. Three hundred and 56 (93%) participants completed treatment whereas 27 (7%) participants discontinued IPT due to the side effects of INH. Conclusion This is the first study to evaluate the prevalence of LTBI and feasibility of IPT among Thai prisoners. LTBI prevalence in male prisoners in Thailand is high. LTBI screening and treatment should be implemented together with other preventive components.

A REVIEW ON GLOBAL TRENDS IN HEART FAILURE AND EVOLUTION OF ANGIOTENSIN–NEPRILYSIN INHIBITOR

2020 ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
VEERENDRA UPPARA ◽  
SAISEKHAR KODIVANDLA ◽  
ASHIK ALI SHAIK
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Health Loss ◽  
Neprilysin Inhibitor ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

Heart failure (HF) is a major global public health problem irrespective of its causes. It generates an enormous clinical, societal, and economic, health loss burden with an increase in its prevalence reaching an epidemic proportion. The morbidity and mortality associated with heart failure are increasing the health-related burdens worldwide, especially in low- and middle-income countries. This review highlights the trends in HF burden, the clinical spectrum of HF, and the importance of neurohormonal pathways and the evolution of angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibition in HF with updated clinical practice guidelines.

scholarly journals Medication Error in Anaesthesia – A Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Montosh Kumar Mondal ◽  
Beauty Rani Roy ◽  
Shibani Banik ◽  
Debabrata Banik
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Medication Error ◽  
Medication Errors ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

Medication error is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in medical profession . There is an increasing recognition that medication errors are causing a substantial global public health problem, as many result in harm to patients and increased costs to health providers.Anaesthesia is now safe and routine, yet anaesthetists are not immune from making medication errors and the consequences of their mistakes may be more serious than those of doctors in other specialties. Steps are being taken to determine the extent of the problem of medication error in anaesthesia. In this review, incidence, types, risk factors and preventive measures of the medication errors are discussed in detail.Journal of Bangladesh Society of Anaesthesiologists 2014; 27(1): 31-35

scholarly journals Chronic kidney disease as a global public health problem: Approaches and initiatives – a position statement from Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes

2007 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.S. Levey ◽  
R. Atkins ◽  
J. Coresh ◽  
E.P. Cohen ◽  
A.J. Collins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Position Statement ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

Aflatoxin: A Global Public Health Problem

2016 ◽  
pp. 68-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.D. Groopman ◽  
G.N. Wogan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

scholarly journals Término del embarazo de las adolescentes atendidas en el Hospital Verdi Cevallos Balda

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Betzabhé Pico Franco ◽  
Olga Pamela Cadena Orellana ◽  
Víctor Miguel Castro Bravo ◽  
Nicole Elizabeth Puga Miranda ◽  
Gustavo Iván Zambrano Intriago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Teenage Pregnancy ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Cephalopelvic Disproportion ◽  
Postterm Pregnancy ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

  El embarazo en adolescentes es un problema de salud pública mundial que altera la salud física, emocional, la condición educativa y económica de los futuros padres; asimismo, frecuentemente se afecta también al producto de la gestación. La investigación fue de tipo retrospectiva, correlacional y cuantitativa. La muestra fue 461 embarazadas adolescentes atendidas en el Hospital “Verdi Cevallos Balda” de la ciudad de Portoviejo durante el 2016. Los resultados de este estudio mostraron que la mayor tasa de embarazo en adolescentes se produjo en primigestas (88,72 %) de 18 años. La desproporción céfalo-pélvica fue el factor materno-fetal que ocupó el primer lugar como causa de cesárea, seguida de factores fetales como distocia de presentación y ruptura prematura de membranas.   Palabras clave: Parto espontáneo, cesárea, pretérmino, postérmino, embarazo.   Abstract Teenage pregnancy is a global public health problem that alters the physical, emotional, educational and economic condition of future parents; likewise, the gestation product is frequently affected. The research was retrospective, correlational and quantitative. The sample was 461 adolescent pregnant women treated at the Hospital "Verdi Cevallos Balda" of the city of Portoviejo during 2016. The results of this study showed that the highest rate of adolescent pregnancy occurred in first-time pregnant women (88.72 %) of 18 years. Cephalopelvic disproportion was the maternal-fetal factor that ranked first as a cause of caesarean section, followed by fetal factors such as presenting dystocia and premature rupture of membranes.   Keywords: Spontaneous delivery, cesarean section, preterm, postterm, pregnancy.

scholarly journals Vitamin D and COVID-19 infection; recent findings

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e19-e19
Author(s):  
Alireza Pouramini ◽  
Fatemeh Kafi ◽  
Shakiba Hassanzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Exact Role ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

COVID-19 infection increases the risk of death in patients with chronic conditions such as diabetes or obesity. The exact role of vitamin D in COVID-19 infection is unknown and controversial. Furthermore, the exact prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is still unknown but it affects individuals worldwide regardless of ethnicity and age. Herein, we give an overview of vitamin D deficiency as a global public health problem, the role of vitamin D in COVID-19 infection, and the proper approach to treating vitamin D deficiency.

scholarly journals COVID-19, neurovascular thrombotic problem and short summary on blood coagulation disorder: a brief review

2022 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rujittika Mungmunpuntipantip ◽  
Viroj Wiwanitkit
Keyword(s):  
Blood Coagulation ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Coagulation Disorder ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infection ◽  
Short Summary ◽  
Neurological Problem ◽  
Blood Coagulation Disorder ◽  
Neurological System ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

AbstractCOVID-19 is the present global public health problem. This respiratory viral infection can manifest atypical presentation including neurological presentations. An important neurological problem in COVID-19 is neurovascular thrombosis. The basic pathogenesis of thrombosis in neurological system is explainable by the basic principle of thrombohemostasis. A hypercoagulability is a possible problem seen in some COVID-19 cases. In this brief review, the authors summarize venous and arterial thrombosis of neurovascular system as a complication of COVID-19. The updated pathophysiology of COVID-associated blood coagulation disorder is discussed. In addition, consideration regarding new COVID-19 vaccine related thrombotic adverse event is also raised.

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