scholarly journals Fasting Blood Glucose in a Ghanaian Adult is Causally Linked with Malaria Parasite Count: A Mechanistic Case Study Using Convergent Cross Mapping

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Akinyi Abidha ◽  
Yaw Ampem Amoako ◽  
Richard King Nyamekye ◽  
George Bedu-Addo ◽  
Florian Grziwotz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Parasite Density ◽  
Malaria Parasite ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Dynamic Modelling ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Convergent Cross Mapping

Abstract Background: Adults with diabetes mellitus (DM) in malaria-endemic areas might be more susceptible to Plasmodium infection than healthy individuals. Herein, we aimed at verifying the hypothesis that increased fasting blood glucose (FBG) promotes parasite growth as reflected by increased parasite density. Methods: Seven adults without DM were recruited in rural Ghana to determine the relationships between FBG and malaria parasite load. Socio-economic data were recorded in questionnaire-based interviews. Over a period of 6 weeks, we measured FBG and Plasmodium spc. infection in peripheral blood samples photometrically and by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-assays, respectively. Daily physical activity and weather data were documented via smartphone recording. For the complex natural systems of homeostatic glucose control and Plasmodium spc. lifecycle, empirical dynamic modelling was applied. Results: At baseline, four men and three women (median age, 33 years; interquartile range, 30-48) showed a median FBG of 5.5 (5.1-6.0 mmol/L); one participant had an asymptomatic Plasmodium spc. infection (parasite density: 240 /µL). In this participant, convergent cross mapping (CCM) for 34 consecutive days, showed that FBG was causally affected by parasite density (p <0.02), while the reciprocal relationship was not discernible (p >0.05). Additionally, daily ambient temperature affected parasite density (p<0.01).Conclusion: In this study population living in a malaria-endemic area, we successfully piloted time series analyses for the relationships between FBG and Plasmodium spc. density. Longer observation periods and larger samples are required to confirm these findings and determine the direction of causality.

Anti-diabetic activity of diphenhydramine in diabetic rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 5067-5070
Author(s):  
Pang Jyh Chayng ◽  
Nurul Ain ◽  
Kaswandi Md Ambia ◽  
Rahim Md Noah
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Insulin Level ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group I

The purpose of this project is to study the anti-diabetic effect of on a diabetic rat model. A total of Twenty male Sprague rats were used and it randomly distributed into four groups which are Group I: , Group II: negative control, Group III: and Group IV: and . In diabetic model were induced with via injection at the dosage of 65mg/kg. and FBG (Fasting Blood Glucose) level of diabetic rats were assessed every three days. Blood was collected via cardiac puncture at day 21 after the induction of treatment. Insulin level of the rats was assessed with the Mercodia Rat Insulin ELISA kit. FBG level of group I (12.16 ±3.96, p&lt;0.05) and group IV (11.34 ±3.67, p&lt;0.05) were significantly decreased. Meanwhile, the for all rats did not show any significant increase. However, the insulin level was escalated in group IV (0.74+0.25, p&lt;0.05) significantly. The present study shows that the and the combination of and lowered blood glucose level and enhanced insulin secretion.

Effect of Dapagliflozin on Intestinal Flora in MafA-deficient Mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (27) ◽  
pp. 3223-3231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luyao Li ◽  
Shiyao Xu ◽  
Tingting Guo ◽  
Shouliang Gong ◽  
Chuan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Deficient Mice

Objective: To investigate the effect of dapagliflozin on intestinal microflora in MafA-deficient mice using an animal model of diabetes. Methods: Male MafA-deficient mice were administered dapagliflozin (1.0 mg/kg/d) intragastrically for 6 weeks. Mouse body weights and fasting blood glucose levels were measured, and intestinal short-chain fatty acids were measured by gas chromatography. A series of methods was used to analyse the number of primary harmful bacteria in the faeces, and high-throughput sequencing was used to sequence the changes in intestinal flora. Results: The weight of the mice decreased after dapagliflozin gavage, and fasting blood glucose was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.001). Acetic acid and butyric acid contents in the intestinal tracts of the mice increased, and the growth of harmful microorganisms, such as Clostridium perfringens, enterococci, Enterobacteriaceae, and intestinal enterococci, was inhibited. Blautia is a species found in the experimental group and was significantly different from the control and blank groups as determined by the LDA score from highthroughput sequencing. Conclusion: Dapagliflozin can reduce fasting blood glucose, decrease body weight, increase short-chain fatty acid content, regulate the intestinal microecological balance of the body and promote blood glucose and energy homeostasis.

Detection of Glucose in Human Serum Based on Silicon Dot Probe

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 744-752
Author(s):  
Kuan Luo ◽  
Xinyu Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Organic Dyes ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Biosensor ◽  
Metal Nanoclusters ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Highly Sensitive

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a major public metabolic disease that influences 366 million people in the world in 2011, and this number is predicted to rise to 552 million in 2030. DM is clinically diagnosed by a fasting blood glucose that is equal or greater than 7 mM. Therefore, the development of effective glucose biosensor has attracted extensive attention worldwide. Fluorescence- based strategies have sparked tremendous interest due to their rapid response, facile operation, and excellent sensitivity. Many fluorescent compounds have been employed for precise analysis of glucose, including quantum dots, noble metal nanoclusters, up-converting nanoparticles, organic dyes, and composite fluorescent microspheres. Silicon dot as promising quantum dots materials have received extensive attention, owing to their distinct advantages such as biocompatibility, low toxicity and high photostability. Methods: MnO2 nanosheets on the Si nanoparticles (NPs) surface serve as a quencher. Si NPs fluorescence can make a recovery by the addition of H2O2, which can reduce MnO2 to Mn2+, and the glucose can thus be monitored based on the enzymatic conversion of glucose by glucose oxidase to generate H2O2. Therefore, the glucose concentration can be derived by recording the fluorescence recovery spectra of the Si NPs. Results: This probe enabled selective detection of glucose with a linear range of 1-100 μg/mL and a limit of detection of 0.98 μg/mL. Compared with the commercial glucometer, this method showed favorable results and convincing reliability. Conclusion: We have developed a novel method based on MnO2 -nanosheet-modified Si NPs for rapid monitoring of blood glucose levels. By combining the highly sensitive H2O2/MnO2 reaction with the excellent photostability of Si NPs, a highly sensitive, selective, and cost-efficient sensing approach for glucose detection has been designed and applied to monitor glucose levels in human serum with satisfactory results.

Anti-Diabetic Effect of a Flavonoid and Sitosterol - Rich Aqueous Extract ofPleurotus tuberregiumSclerotia in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rabbits

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 1148-1156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ifeanacho Mercy Onuekwuzu ◽  
Ikewuchi Catherine Chidinma ◽  
Ikewuchi Jude Chigozie
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
The Body ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Atherogenic Indices ◽  
Diabetic Rabbits

Objective:Traditionally prepared infusions and decoctions are commonly used in the management of diabetes mellitus, in southern Nigeria; one of such is the aqueous extract of the sclerotia of Pleurotus tuberregium (“usu” milk). In this study, the effects of the extract on the body weights, tissue/ organ weights, fasting blood glucose, blood/plasma lipid profiles and atherogenic indices were investigated in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits.Methods:Diabetes mellitus was induced by the injection of alloxan (120 mg/kg body weight) via the marginal ear vein. The extract was administered orally at 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg to normal and diabetic rabbits; while metformin was administered at 50 mg/kg. The crude extract was analyzed by gas chromatography, coupled to flame ionization detector.Results:Thirty-one known flavonoids were detected, consisting mainly of isoquercetin (28.5%), luteolin (24.3%), quercetin (18.8%) and kaempferol (11.3%). Sitosterol (82.0%) and stigmasterol (12.5%) were the most abundant of the seven phytosterols detected. Compared to the diabetic control, the treatment significantly (p<0.05) lowered the weights of the kidney and liver, as well as the levels of blood glucose and triglyceride, plasma VLDL, LDL and non-HDL cholesterol, atherogenic index of plasma, cardiac risk ratio, atherogenic coefficient and Castelli’s risk index II. It, however, significantly (p<0.05) increased plasma HDL cholesterol, without significantly affecting blood total cholesterol levels.Conclusion:This study showed that the extract was hypoglycemic, and improved lipid profile and atherogenic indices, thus highlighting its cardioprotective potential, thereby supporting its use in the management of diabetes mellitus.

Anti-Diabetic and Angio-Protective Effect of Guluronic Acid (G2013) as a New Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug in the Experimental Model of Diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 446-452
Author(s):  
Seyed S. Mortazavi-Jahromi ◽  
Shahab Alizadeh ◽  
Mohammad H. Javanbakht ◽  
Abbas Mirshafiey
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Guluronic Acid

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effects of guluronic acid (G2013) on blood sugar, insulin, and gene expression profile of oxLDL receptors (SR-A, CD36, LOX-1, and CD68) in the experimental model of diabetes. Methods: 18 Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to three groups of healthy control, diabetic control, and G2013 group. Diabetes was induced through intraperitoneal (IP) injection of 60 mg/kg streptozotocin. The subjects were IP treated with 25 mg/kg of G2013 per day for 28 days. The body weight, food intake, fasting blood glucose and insulin were measured. In addition, the expression of mentioned genes was investigated through quantitative real-time PCR. Results: The data showed that the final weight increased significantly in the G2013-treated subjects compared to the diabetic control (p < 0.05). The results indicated that final food intake significantly reduced in the G2013-treated subjects compared to the diabetic control (p < 0.05). The study findings also suggested that the final fasting blood glucose significantly reduced in the G2013-treated group, whereas the final fasting serum insulin level significantly increased in this group compared to the diabetic control (p < 0.05). Moreover, the gene expression levels of SR-A, CD36, LOX-1, and CD68 in the G2013 group significantly reduced compared to the diabetic control (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that G2013, could reduce blood glucose and increase insulin levels and reduce the gene expression level of oxLDL receptors. In addition, it may probably play an important role in reducing the severity of diabetes-induced inflammatory symptoms.

Epigenetic modulation of autophagy genes linked to diabetic nephropathy by administration of isorhamnetin in Type 2 diabetes mellitus rats

Epigenomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwa Matboli ◽  
Doaa Ibrahim ◽  
Amany H Hasanin ◽  
Mohamed Kamel Hassan ◽  
Eman K Habib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Lipid Profiles ◽  
Mirna Regulation ◽  
Protein Levels

Aim: To assess isorhamnetin efficacy for diabetic kidney disease in a Type 2 diabetes mellitus rat model, through investigating its effect at the epigenetic, mRNA and protein levels. Materials & methods: Type 2 diabetes mellitus was induced in rats by streptozotocin and high-fat diet. Rats were treated with isorhamnetin (50 mg/kg/d) for 4 or 8 weeks. Fasting blood glucose, renal and lipid profiles were evaluated. Renal tissues were examined by light and electron microscopy. Autophagy genes ( FYCO1, ULK, TECPR1 and  WIPI2) and miR-15b, miR-34a and miR-633 were assessed by qRT-PCR, and LC3A/B by immunoblotting. Results: Isorhamnetin improved fasting blood glucose, renal and lipid profiles with increased autophagosomes in renal tissues. It suppressed miRNA regulation of autophagy genes Conclusion: We propose a molecular mechanism for the isorhamnetin renoprotective effect by modulation of autophagy epigenetic regulators.

scholarly journals Effects of intermittent (5:2) or continuous energy restriction on basal and postprandial metabolism: a randomised study in normal-weight, young participants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangfan Gao ◽  
Kostas Tsintzas ◽  
Ian A. Macdonald ◽  
Sally M. Cordon ◽  
Moira A. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Postprandial Metabolism ◽  
Continuous Energy ◽  
Time Interaction

Abstract Background/objectives Intermittent energy restriction (IER) may overcome poor long-term adherence with continuous energy restriction (CER), for weight reduction. We compared the effects of IER with CER for fasting and postprandial metabolism and appetite in metabolically healthy participants, in whom excess weight would not confound intrinsic metabolic differences. Subjects/methods In a 2-week randomised, parallel trial, 16 young, healthy-weight participants were assigned to either CER (20% below estimated energy requirements (EER)) or 5:2 IER (70% below EER on 2 non-consecutive days; 5 days at EER, per week). Metabolic and appetite regulation markers were assessed before and for 3 h after a liquid breakfast; followed by an ad libitum lunch; pre- and post-intervention. Results Weight loss was similar in both groups: −2.5 (95% CI, −3.4, −1.6) kg for 5:2 IER vs. −2.3 (−2.9, −1.7) kg for CER. There were no differences between groups for postprandial incremental area under the curve for serum insulin, blood glucose or subjective appetite ratings. Compared with CER, 5:2 IER led to a reduction in fasting blood glucose concentrations (treatment-by-time interaction, P = 0.018, η2p = 0.14). Similarly, compared with CER, there were beneficial changes in fasting composite appetite scores after 5:2 IER (treatment-by-time interaction, P = 0.0003, η2p = 0.35). Conclusions There were no significant differences in postprandial insulinaemic, glycaemic or appetite responses between treatments. However, 5:2 IER resulted in greater improvements in fasting blood glucose, and beneficial changes in fasting subjective appetite ratings.

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