Monomeric phenolic compounds in the Siberian larch needles

Author(s):  
Н.В. Транчук ◽  
В.И. Рощин

Представлены результаты исследования состава группы фенолокислот хвои Larix sibirica, извлеченной диэтиловым эфиром из изопропанольного экстракта. Приведены данные по хроматографическому разделению исследуемой группы веществ на такие классы соединений, как бензойные, коричные и кумаровые ки- слоты, фенолоальдегиды, фенолокетоны, флавонолы. Показано, что в наиболь- шем количестве содержатся флавонолы, их выход составил 6,78% от группы фенолокислот, выход ароматических кислот немного меньше – 6,21%, аромати- ческие кетоны и альдегиды содержатся в примерно равных количествах – 0,4 и 0,34% соответственно. Гидроксибензойная и ванилиновая кислоты являются до- минирующими в своем классе, их содержание достигает 3,67 и 1,49% соответст- венно от массы фенолокислот. Среди фенолоальдегидов идентифицированы п- гидроксибензальдегид и ванилин. Идентифицированы и выделены три флавоно- ла: кемпферол, изорамнетин, мирицитин. Кемпферол содержится в наибольшем количестве – 3,92%, содержание изорамнетина и мирицитина составляет 2,08 и 0,78% соответственно. Впервые сообщается об обнаружении в хвое Larix sibirica п-гидроксибензойной, дигидрокоричной, цис- и транс-коричных кислот, 4-(4- гидроксифенил)-2-бутанона (реозмин), 4-(4-гидрокси-3-метоксифенил)-2- бутанона (зингерон). Установлено, что наряду с ароматическими соединениями, группа фенолокислот содержит смоляные и высшие жирные кислоты, доля ко- торых не превышает 1 и 6% соответственно. Отмечено высокое содержание ян- тарной и яблочной кислот, являющихся незаменимыми для живого организма, так как принимают участие в цикле Кребса. The results of investigation of phenolic acids group composition in Larix sibirica needles are presented in this research. The group was derived from isopropyl extract by diethyl ether. Phenolic acids group was divided into fraction using the method of column chromatography. It is shown that the researched group of substances consists of flavonols for 6.78%, aromatic acids for 6.21%, phenolic ketones and phenolic aldehydes for 0.40 and 0.34% respectively. 4-Hydroxybenzoic and vanilic acids dominate in its class, their content reaches 3.67 and 1.49% of phenolic acids group mass. 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde and vanillin are detected. Three flavonols are obtained and identified: kaempferol, isorhamnetin, myricitin. Kaempferol is the main flavonol, its content is 3.9%. Contents of isorhamnetin and myricitin are 2.08 and 0.78% respectively. It is the first time it is reported about detection in needles of Larix sibirica 4-hydroxybenzoic, dihydrocinnamic, cis- and trans-cinnamic acids, 4-(4 hydroxyphenyl)- 2 butanone (rheosmin), 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2 butanone (zingerone). It is determined that phenolic acids group contains resin and highest fatty acids, which share doesn't exceed 1 and 6% respectively. It is significant that high content of succinic and malic acids present, because such acids are irreplaceable for a live organism since they take part in Krebs's cycle.

2019 ◽  
pp. 207-214
Author(s):  
Dar'ya Sergeyevna Mikson ◽  
Viktor Ivanovich Roshchin

The research results of the Siberian larch needle extractives are presented in paper. The content of extractive substances from green and yellow needles extracted by organic solvents with different polarities is determined. It is found out that the double increase of the yellow needle extractive substances content soluble in hydrocarbon extractant is observed, whereas it is decreased by 30 per cent when extracted with propan-2-ol. The group composition of needle extracts derived from isopropanol extract by petroleum ether is determined. The neutral substances content in both needle collections is practically the same, although the yellow needles contain less acid “bound” in the form of esters. There is a high content of waxes in the needles, which mainly consist of secondary nonacosanol-10 alcohol. The composition of free and “bound” acids in Siberian larch needles of different vegetation periods is established. The needles are dominated by groups of higher unsaturated C-18 fatty acids. Resin acids are represented by isopimaric acid (isopimaric and sandaracopimaric) and abietic acids: abietic, dehydroabietic and levopiric acids. In yellow needles, the content of dehydroabietic acid is increased quadrupled and the hydroxy acids are identified: 15-hydroxyabietic acid and 15-hydroxyhydroabietic acid. The tri- and tetraenic C-20 acids are identified among higher fatty acids.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kseniya A. Miroshnikova ◽  
Vasilina S. Akulova ◽  
Vladislav V. Biriukov ◽  
Eugeniya I. Bondar ◽  
Dmitry A. Kuzmin ◽  
...  

Abstract Background: Repetitive elements (REs) or repeats are sequences that occur multiple times in the genome. They represent a significant part of the gigantic conifer genomes (70-80%) relative to mammals and other plants and complicate whole genome sequencing and annotation. However, REs play important roles in evolution and adaptation processes in both plants and animals. Moreover, amino acid repeats play an important role in plant immunity being a structural element of the products of some disease resistance genes. Analysis of REs in conifer genomes is an important fundamental task.Results: REs were identified de novo and partly classified in the Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.) nuclear genome for the first time. In total, 20.9 million REs were detected with the total size of 4.8 Gbp, which comprises about 39% of the 12.3 Gbp larch genome. Resistance genes with leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) were also identified and analyzed in the transcriptome data of autumn buds obtained using RNA-seq.Conclusions: For the first time, REs were identified and classified in the Siberian larch genome and transcriptome. In addition, LRRs and resistance genes were identified and analyzed in the Siberian larch transcriptomes from autumn buds. The larch genome contains twice as less RE compared to other conifers in the same Pinaceae family (39 vs 70-80%), and it might explain why it also has almost twice as smaller genome size (12 vs 18-31 Gbp).


Author(s):  
Sula M. V. Feleti ◽  
Renê L. Aleluia ◽  
Suiany V. Gervásio ◽  
Jean Carlos V. Dutra ◽  
Jessica R. P. Oliveira ◽  
...  

The study was designed to investigate the chemical composition and the biological effects of G. parviflora and V. polyanthes ethanolic extracts in vitro. Total content of phenols, flavonoids and tannins was quantified by spectrophotometry; chemical characterization was permed by mass spectrometry (ESI (-) FT-ICR MS and APCI (+) FT-ICR MS analysis). Antioxidant activities were determined by FRAP and Fe2+ chelating methods. Extracts cytotoxicity was evaluated in human lymphocytes, sarcoma-180 (S-180) and human gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) cells, by MTT assay. V. polyanthes presented higher total content of tannins and G. parviflora presented higher amount of phenols and flavonoids. Chemical characterization showed the presence of flavonoids, phenolic acids and sesquiterpene lactones in V. polyanthes extract, and steroids, phenolic acids and fatty acids (Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acids - PUFA) in G. parviflora extract. V. polyanthes extract stood out in the Fe2+ chelation test. G. parviflora extract did not present outstanding antioxidant results in the tested protocols. Both species showed a tendency to promote cytotoxicity in human lymphocyte cells. Regarding the antiproliferative effect, both species were able to reduce S-180 cell viability and G. parviflora extract showed high antiproliferative potential in the assay with AGS cells. These findings reinforce the medicinal use of these plants, as well as suggest their potential use for the development of new drugs and for the treatment of cancers.


Tellus B ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brynhildur Bjarnadottir ◽  
Bjarni D. Sigurdsson ◽  
Anders Lindroth

Author(s):  
М.А. Чубинский ◽  
К.В. Чаузов

Несмотря на огромные запасы, древесина лиственницы до сего времени в незначительных объемах используется в строительной индустрии, других отраслях экономики, что связано как с технологическими сложностями ее переработки, так и недостаточной изученностью ее свойств. Одним из уникальных свойств древесины лиственницы сибирской (Larix sibirica) является ее повышенная естественная биостойкость, наряду с максимально высокой среди отечественных хвойных пород прочностью. Стойкость древесины лиственницы (Larix sibirica) к воздействию дереворазрушающих грибов Coniofora puteana значительно превышает стойкость сосны. В среднем потеря массы ядровой древесины лиственницы сибирской под воздействием дереворазрушающего гриба Coniophora puteana составляет 14,84%, снижаясь с увеличением возраста дерева, а контрольные образцы из ядровой древесины сосны в возрасте 90 лет имели потерю массы 57,8%. Возраст дерева является одним из наиболее значимых факторов, влияющих на степень биостойкости древесины. По мере его увеличения значительно повышается устойчивость деструктивному воздействию дереворазрушающих грибов Coniophora puteana. Положение образцов также влияет на степень биостойкости древесины, однако эта зависимость слабо выражена по сравнению с влиянием возраста и плотности древесины. Исследования кинетики разложения древесины лиственницы сибирской и роли экстрактивных веществ в развитии дереворазрушающих грибов позволяют утверждать наличие связи биостойкости и содержания в древесине экстрактивных веществ. Для изготовления клееного бруса из древесины лиственницы предложена клеевая композиция, включающая карбамидомеламиноформальдегидный клей и карбамидоформальдегидную смолу, модифицированную шунгитами. Ее применение позволяет получать клеевые соединения, не уступающие по прочности при скалывании массивной древесине, как по сухому образцу, так и после его вымачивания. Таким образом, клееный брус из древесины лиственницы сибирской характеризуется высокими показателями биостойкости, прочности и водостойкости. Despite vast reserves, larch wood so far in small volumes used in the construction industry and other sectors of the economy, which is connected as the technological difficulties of its treatment, as well as insufficient knowledge of its properties. One of the unique properties of the wood of Siberian larch (Larix sibirica) is its increased natural biological stability (decay resistant), along with the highest among the domestic softwood strength. Resistance Larch (Larix sibirica) to the effects of wood-destroying fungi Coniofora puteana is much higher than pine. The average weight loss of Siberian larch heartwood exposed wood-destroying fungi Coniophora puteana is 14.84%, decreasing with increasing age of the tree, and control samples of heartwood pine at age 90 had a weight loss of 57.8%. Age of a tree is one of the most significant factors affecting the degree of biological stability of wood. With the increase it significantly increases the stability of the destructive effects of wood-destroying fungi and Coniophora puteana. The position of the sample in tree also affects the degree of biological stability of wood, but this dependence is poorly developed in comparison with the influence of age and wood density. Studies of the kinetics of decomposition of Siberian larch wood and the role of extractives in the development of wood-destroying fungi suggest a link, and the decay resistant of the content in the wood extractives. For the manufacture of larch glued laminated beam proposed adhesive composition comprising urea and melamine-formaldehyde glue and urea-formaldehyde resins, modified shungites. Its use allows to obtain the bonds are not inferior in strength at shearing solid wood as dry sample, and after soaking. Thus, glued laminated beam from Siberian larch wood is characterized by high decay resistant, strength and water resistance.


2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bayasaa Tumenjargal ◽  
Futoshi Ishiguri ◽  
Yusuke Takahashi ◽  
Ikumi Nezu ◽  
Bayartsetseg Baasan ◽  
...  

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 410
Author(s):  
Irene Sánchez-Gavilán ◽  
Esteban Ramírez ◽  
Vicenta de la Fuente

Many halophytes have great nutritional and functional potential, providing chemical compounds with biological properties. Salicornia patula Duval-Jouve is a common euhalophyte from saline Mediterranean territories (Spain, Portugal, France, and Italy). In the present work we quantified for the first time the bioactive compounds in S. patula (total phenolic compounds and fatty acids), from Iberian Peninsula localities: littoral-coastal Tinto River basin areas (southwest Spain, the Huelva province), and mainland continental territories (northwest and central Spain, the Valladolid and Madrid provinces). Five phenolic acids including caffeic, coumaric, veratric, salicylic, and transcinnamic have been found with differences between mainland and coastal saltmarshes. S. patula contain four flavonoids: quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, kaempferol/luteolin, apigenin 7-glucoside, and pelargonidin-3-O-rutinoside. These last two glycosylated compounds are described for the first time in this genus of Chenopodiaceae. The fatty acid profile described in S. patula stems contains palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acids in high concentrations, while stearic and long-chain fatty acids were detected in low amounts. These new findings confirm that S. patula is a valuable source of bioactive compounds from Mediterranean area.


Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1219
Author(s):  
Marek Bunse ◽  
Peter Lorenz ◽  
Florian C. Stintzing ◽  
Dietmar R. Kammerer

The present study aimed at the identification and quantitation of phenolic compounds, fatty acids, and further characteristic substances in the seeds of Geum urbanum L. and Geum rivale L. For this purpose, individual components of extracts recovered with MeOH, CH2Cl2, and by cold-pressing, respectively, were characterized by HPLC-DAD/ESI-MSn and GC/MS and compared with reference compounds. For both Geum species, phenolic compounds, such as flavonoids and gallic acid derivatives, and triterpenes, such as saponins and their aglycones, were detected. Surprisingly, both Geum species revealed the presence of derivatives of the triterpenoid aglycons asiatic acid and madecassic acid, which were characterized for the first time in the genus Geum. Furthermore, the fatty acids of both species were characterized by GC–MS after derivatization. Both species showed a promising fatty-acid profile in terms of nutritional properties because of high proportions of unsaturated fatty acids. Linoleic acid and linolenic acid were most abundant, among other compounds such as palmitic acid and stearic acid. In summary, the present study demonstrates the seeds of G. urbanum and G. rivale to be a valuable source of unsaturated fatty acids and bioactive phenolics, which might be exploited for nutritional and cosmetic products and for phytotherapeutic purposes.


2010 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kh. Mudarisova ◽  
L. A. Badykova ◽  
E. I. Koptyaeva ◽  
A. A. Fatykhov ◽  
Yu. B. Monakov

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document