scholarly journals Constants and variables of linguistic education in a forestry university (to the anniversary of the Russian Language Department of SPbFTU)

Author(s):  
Л.В. Лукьянова

В статье впервые представлена попытка обобщить опыт преподавания русского языка и других филологических дисциплин в первом лесном российском вузе с начала XIX века до настоящего времени. Историография лингвистического образования в СПбГЛТУ опирается не только на открытые информационные источники, но и на недавно обнаруженные ведомственные и государственные архивные материалы. Обращение автора статьи к найденным документам позволяет уточнить не только определенные этапы истории преподавания русского языка, основные виды деятельности преподавателей, но и представить яркие личности педагогов, в разные годы преподававших русский язык российским и иностранным студентам. Уже в первые десятилетия существования Лесного института уделяется большое внимание и собственно языковому развитию и образованию. Студенты Лесного института изучают русский язык, занимаются сочинением деловых бумаг и риторикой. Изучение русского языка в XIX веке подчинено главным образом прагматике обучения, однако не меньшую роль играет и знание родного языка для общекультурного уровня студента. Смена идеологической парадигмы, снятие образовательных ограничений, установка на организацию подготовки пролетарского студенчества после революции 1917 г. влияет и на гуманитарное образование новых студентов. Специалист нового типа, с марксистским мировоззрением, должен быть грамотным и обладать широким кругозором. Несмотря на насущную потребность в языковом образовании, в практическом обучении русскому языку студентов и аспирантов, специальной кафедры русского языка в Лесотехнической академии (ЛТА) не было до середины ХХ века. Осознание особой роли русского языка в профессиональной подготовке, в формировании мировоззрения иностранных студентов привело к созданию кафедры русского языка в ЛТА только в сентябре 1955 года. За истекший с образования кафедры период неоднократно менялось штатное расписание, перечень закрепленных дисциплин, цели, задачи и требования в подготовке обучающихся. Однако преподавание филологических дисциплин коллективом кафедры русского языка в Лесотехническом университете всегда было связано с широким контекстом культурного развития человека, со стратегической целью повышения уровня речемыслительной культуры, обеспечивающей эффективную современную коммуникацию языковой личности. The article presents for the first time an attempt to summarize the experience of teaching the Russian language and other philological disciplines in the First Forest Russian University from the beginning of the XIX century to the present. The historiography of linguistic education at SPbFTU relies not only on open information sources, but also on recently discovered departmental and state archival materials. The author's reference to the founded documents allows us to clarify not only certain stages in the history of teaching the Russian language, the main activities of teachers, but also to present the bright personalities of teachers who in different years taught Russian language to native and foreign students. Already in the first decades of the existence of the Forest Institute, much attention is paid to the actual language development and education. Students of the Forestry Institute study Russian, are engaged in writing business papers and rhetoric practice. The study of the Russian language in the XIX century is mainly subordinated to the pragmatics of teaching, but knowledge of the native language plays an equally important role for the general cultural level of the student. The change of the ideological paradigm, the removal of educational restrictions, the installation on the organization of the training of proletarian students after the revolution of 1917 also affects the humanitarian education of new students. A specialist of a new type, with a Marxist worldview, must be literate and have a broad outlook. Despite the urgent need for language education, for the practical teaching of the Russian language to students and postgraduates, there was no special department of the Russian language at the Forestry Academy (LTA) until the middle of the twentieth century. Awareness of the special role of the Russian language in professional training, in the formation of the world outlook of foreign students led to the creation of the Department of the Russian language in LTA only in September 1955. During the period that has elapsed since the formation of the department, the staffing table, the list of fixed disciplines, goals, tasks and requirements in the training of students have been repeatedly changed. However, teaching philological disciplines by the staff of the Russian Language Department at the Forestry University has always been associated with a broad context of human cultural development, with the strategic goal of raising the level of speech-thinking culture that ensures effective modern communication of a linguistic personality.

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 00135
Author(s):  
Olga Evdokimova ◽  
Alena Ivanova ◽  
Anna Zakharova ◽  
Tatyana Romanova ◽  
Nadezhda Fedorova

The relevance of the study is due to the fact that for professional training of foreign philology students, a high level of knowledge of the Russian language is required. The article analyzes the work with foreign students studying Russian philology. The focus is on scientific circles dealing with the Russian language and Russian literature and creating conditions for socio-cultural adaptation and professional development. To increase knowledge of foreign students, a system of scientific circles designed to consolidate and deepen knowledge in Russian literature and language can be created. The article determines tasks of scientific circles, primary problems, features of teaching philological disciplines for foreign students. Based on authors’ experience in teaching “Russian language (practical course)”, “Basic language (theoretical course)”, “History of Russian literature of the 10th-20th centuries”, recommendations to enhance the role of additional education were developed; the relationship between the curricular and extracurricular activities was identified. It was concluded that scientific circles are aimed at forming those competencies whose development causes difficulties, but future specialists as professionals and representatives of the humanitarian sphere of life need them.


Author(s):  
Н. Ш. Хинчагашвили ◽  

The article is dedicated to the possibility of the usage of the lingvo-oriented method for the Georgia students in the teaching of Russian as a foreign language. The aim of the article is to promote the enrichment of knowledge in the field of the Russian language through a dialogue of cultural meanings the presented linguo-and methodological culture oriented model of teaching Russian developed and based on communicative and interactive technologies gives the foreign students opportunity to learn about the culture of Russia and to use the acquired knowledge in the process of intercultural communication. The types of interactive exercises discussed in the article can also be used in the study of the history of Russian literature.


Litera ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
Iskander Rasulevich Saitbattalov

The subject of this research is the literary-aesthetic characteristics of interpretation of Manzil written by Bashkir theologians Bahadirshah al-Qaynawi and Taj ad-Din ibn Yalchigul: the presence of coherent narratives based on the authorial approach towards the interpreted text, literary-aesthetic interpretations of plots and images reflected in the Quranic text directly, intertextual connections of interpretations with the works in other genres. The goal of this article lies in determination and description of the meaningful literary-aesthetic characteristics of interpretations of Manzil. The following tasks are resolved within the framework of this research: 1) determination of the key characteristics of the Tafsir genre, 2) revelation of the role of works under review for the tradition of the Turkic-language interpretation of Quran, 3) description of the literary-aesthetic characteristics of the interpretations by Bahadirshah al-Qaynawi and Taj ad-Din ibn Yalchigu, 4) translation of fragments of their interpretations that are significant from the perspective of literature into the Russian language. The scientific novelty and practical importance of this publication lies in introduction into the scientific discourse of two previously unexplored literary monuments that have not been translated into the Russian language. This significantly broadens the knowledge on the literary process in Bashkiria of the early XIX century. The author concludes that the interpretation of Quran fragments should be viewed in the context of evolution of Bashkir literature of the pre-national period. This opens great potential for studying their intertextual correlations with Turkic-language literary of the earlier period in the genres of “chronicles”, “history of the prophets”, and “miracles of the created”, as well as with sententious literature of the later period.


Author(s):  
Mariya Viktorovna Khil'chenko

This article is dedicated to the history of emergence of the Masonic lodge in England and disclosure of the concept of “freemason”. The author reveals and describes the peculiarities of the emergence of Freemasonry, tracing its evolution from the antiquity until the XIX century. Its ancient history is divided into the two main periods (prior and after 1717, i.e. the creation of the Grand Lodge in England). The article describes such events from the history of Freemasonry as the establishment of the First Grand Lodge in England; creation of the Premier Lodge, Anderson’s Constitutions, and the Third Degree; the Great Schism of Freemasonry that tool place 1877; the Taxil hoax. Analysis is conducted on the relationship between the English and French factions of Freemasonry. The obtained results are accurate, since the analysis of the history of Freemasonry was carried based on the wide range of historical facts. The comprehensive analysis of the history of emergence of Freemasonry is carried out for the first time within the Russian-language historical literature, which defines the scientific novelty of this work. The author outlines the further prospects for studying the history of Freemasonry, such as accumulation of the reliable scientific information on the early history of the lodge, examination of the history of other Masonic factions (French, Italian, etc.), as well as the origin of Freemasonry in Russia.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 65-69
Author(s):  
V. Leonteva

Russian is one of the languages which are learnt in Germany at any educational level. Though today it has lost its positions in the rate of foreign languages chosen by the Germans, there are many interesting projects and initiatives supporting and maintaining the status of the Russian language in Germany. In this paper, I am going to give an overview of the history of cultural relations between Russia and Germany, try to explain the reasons of the current situation and describe the perspectives of the Russian language in today’s Germany. By way of examples, I will discuss such events and projects as “To4ka-Treff”, “RussoMobil” and the activities of the Russian culture centers in Germany, as well as programs in Russian as a foreign language at schools and universities in Germany.


2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-294
Author(s):  
Nataliya V. Semaan ◽  
Elena N. Demesheva ◽  
Tatiana V. Baher

The article is dedicated to the history of teaching the Russian language in Lebanon from the end of the XIX century to present times. The authors tried to analyze how the pivotal historical moments of Russian-Lebanese relations influenced the conditions for teaching the Russian language in Lebanon. The article provides a brief description of the programs and methods used in various educational institutions for teaching Russian in Lebanon, depending on the form in which it was in demand for its functioning (at one stage or another). First as a language taught in some Moscow schools of the Imperial Orthodox Palestine Society, then as a language for preserving the Russian culture of the Diaspora initially formed by first wave immigrants and finally at the present stage, Russian as a foreign language or as a native language for bilingual children of compatriots living in Lebanon.


2020 ◽  
pp. 122-130
Author(s):  
Galina E. Sokolova

The article deals with the topic of studying the history of speech etiquette and address in the Russian language. Relevance of the article is caused by necessity of optimizing the process of formation of competence in foreign students in the field of history of addresses and their use in different communicative situations. In the process of communicating the address is a frequency unit of appeal, which determines the contact-establishing function. Addressing is also an important component of communication, as depending on a situation can determine its positive aspects, and may be a cause of communication problems or failure. The purpose of this article is to introduce students to the history of the first behavioral norms, rules of speech etiquette; to tell the students about possible forms of address in the Russian language; to explain to foreign students that the appeal may be considered not only as a communicative tool that serves to attract attention, but as a particularly vivid means of expression showing the attitude of the speaker towards the object of speech. The subject of research is the creation of the language picture of the world with a deep and systematic analysis of the concepts of the Russian language, mentality, traditions, customs, history, philosophy and intercultural communication based on speech etiquette and all possible forms of address. The aim of the article is to conduct a comprehensive analysis and study of the forms and possible types of addresses in the modern Russian language. The results of the study can be used in practical classes with foreign students in teaching the following academic courses: „Contemporary Russian language. Vocabulary, Development of speaking and writing”, „Practice of speech communication”, „Speech etiquette”, etc.


One of the most important tasks of innovative language education and language policy of Russia is to comprehend the Russian language as a powerful factor that forms a sense of human involvement in the socio-cultural creation, as well as the civilizational transformation of Russia and the world. The Russian language and culture preservation, development, and dissemination (both in arts, the cultural sector, as well as science and technology) is according to the authors an imperative of stability, security, and competitiveness of Russia in the globalizing world. A special role in determining strategies and tactics of teaching the Russian language in the paradigm of a new lifestyle of mankind and the global educational environment belongs to electronic, digital, and telecommunication technologies. The subject of the present study is the educational language process, organized based on computer (digital) technologies and the optimal implementation of the linguistic and didactic qualities of electronic learning tools. The objective of the study is to determine the goals, subject matter, methods, forms, and means of computer linguodidactics, aimed at substantiating the laws and determining effective ways of language learning by means of info-communication resources. The paper outlines the research methods of the innovative language education system as well as linguo-didactic abilities of computer tools in the formation of multilevel Russian-language communicative competence and its individual components in students. The authors suggest the ways and means of updating and enrichment of professional-pedagogical competence of the Russian language teachers in the use of information and communication technologies, as well as in defining the prospects in the educational interaction (electronic, network) of teachers and students, contributing to maintaining the competitiveness of domestic language education and the pedagogical community.


2020 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 18014
Author(s):  
Elena Vyshegorodskaya ◽  
Nadezhda Malina ◽  
Tatiana Rogacheva ◽  
Irina Kondratieva

Innovative approaches to teaching the disciplines of the philological cycle in universities involve the introduction of new methods into the process that meet the needs of today. Wide use of interactive forms, methods and technologies of teaching, providing for joint creative activities of the teacher and students. The development of skills for independent work in order to obtain the necessary information, its independent application becomes important in training. First of all, this applies to teaching Russian as a foreign language to foreign students of a non-philological profile. The conditions for teaching philological disciplines at the technical faculties of universities are the focus on the development of independence in learning, mutual enrichment of professional training and knowledge of the language in which a specialty is acquired and an increase in the role of Russian in the process of training specialists for foreign countries. An important element of the educational process in teaching bachelors is the writing and presentation of the final qualifying work. One of the tasks of the changing education system in Russia can be considered the strengthening of the practical preparedness of the future specialist for professional activity, and, accordingly, the use of innovative technologies, including new methodological approaches.


2019 ◽  
pp. 208-219
Author(s):  
G. Е. Sokolova

The article considers the history of the emergence, gradual expansion, and development of the concepts of „aesthetics of language” and „aesthetics of speech” in terms of teaching these aspects to students studying Russian as a foreign language. The purpose of the article is to analyze the scientific works of Russian linguists on these issues. After all, in order to better understand and master the Russian language, to read wonderful works of Russian writers and poets, speak Russian beautifully, observing all the rules of communication, it is necessary to teach foreign students the aesthetics of speech. Studying these aspects of language is very important for students, as with their help they gradually improve, develop the speech, make it accurate, clear, informative, correct and beautiful. Many problems of the aesthetics of language and speech are far from being solved. Thus, in the history of linguistics, literature, and philosophy, the speech ideal has not yet been described, so the authors - theorists made only the most general considerations. Students studying communication rules, communication etiquette, linguistics, and speech aesthetics will be able to better understand, master Russian and love Russia.


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