scholarly journals Effect of growing season on the oil content percentage of five sesamum genotypes in six developmental stages

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 2488-2490
Author(s):  
SP Monalisa
Keyword(s):  
Oil Content ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Growing Season

SCLEROTINIA HEAD ROT IN SAFFLOWER: ASSESSMENT OF RESISTANCE AND EFFECTS ON YIELD AND OIL CONTENT

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. -H. MÜNDEL ◽  
H. C. HUANG ◽  
G. C. KOZUB
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Carpogenic Germination ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Parental Lines ◽  
Head Rot

Field experiments were conducted in 1982 and 1983 to screen 20 lines of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) for resistance to head rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary. Plots were artificially infested with sclerotia of S. sclerotiorum at seeding and irrigated during the growing season to maintain adequate moisture for carpogenic germination of sclerotia and production of apothecia. The reaction of each line to S. sclerotiorum was similar for the 2 years. Severity of head rot varied significantly among the 20 lines tested, ranging from 6% for Lesaf 34C-OO to 62% for Gila in 1982 and from 0.3% for Lesaf 34C-OO to 31% for PCA in 1983. Level of resistance was not related to the level of maturity of the lines. Yield losses ranged from 81 kg/ha for Lesaf 34C-OO to 678 kg/ha for Gila in 1982 and from 14 kg/ha for Lesaf 34C-OO to 935 kg/ha for PCA in 1983. Healthy plants averaged 4.4% more oil in the seed than did the corresponding parental lines. This study has demonstrated the possibility of developing early maturing safflower lines resistance to sclerotinia head rot for production on the Canadian Prairies.Key words: Carthamus tinctorius, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

scholarly journals Identification of Key Genes Involved in Embryo Development and Differential Oil Accumulation in Two Contrasting Maize Genotypes

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangxiang Zhang ◽  
Meiyan Hong ◽  
Heping Wan ◽  
Lixia Luo ◽  
Zeen Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Oil Accumulation ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Maize Embryo

Maize is an important oil seed crop and a major food crop in different parts of the world. Since maize has relatively lower seed oil content as compared to other oil crops, efforts are continuing to improve its oil content percentage. In this study, we analyzed two contrasting maize genotypes with differential oil accumulation percentages. High oil-content (HOC) maize had 11% oil content while low oil-content (LOC) maize had significantly lower oil content (5.4%). Transmission electron microscopy revealed a higher accumulation of oil bodies in the HOC maize embryo as compared to LOC maize. Comparative RNA-sequencing analysis at different developmental stages of the seed embryos identified 739 genes that are constantly differentially expressed (DEGs) at all the six developmental stages from 15 days after pollination (DAP) to 40 DAP. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis identified fatty acid metabolism and fatty acid biosynthesis as the most enriched biological pathways contributed by these DEGs. Notably, transcriptional changes are more intense at the early stages of embryo development as compared to later stages. In addition, pathways related to oil biosynthesis and their corresponding genes were more enriched at 30 DAP, which seems to be the key stage for oil accumulation. The study also identified 33 key DEGs involved in fatty acid and triacylglycerols biosynthesis, most of which were up-regulated in HOC, that may shape the differential oil contents in the two contrasting maize. Notably, we discovered that both acyl-CoA-dependent and acyl-CoA-independent processes are essential for the high oil accumulation in maize embryo.

scholarly journals Cyanogenesis in Aralia spinosa (Araliaceae)

Planta Medica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Lechtenberg ◽  
Jandirk Sendker ◽  
Lisa Kastner ◽  
Andreas Hensel
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Hydrocyanic Acid ◽  
Cyanogenic Glycosides ◽  
Cyanogenic Glycoside ◽  
Partial Structure ◽  
The Family ◽  
Phytochemical Profile ◽  
Good Agreement

AbstractA systematic survey of Aralia spinosa (Araliaceae), covering an entire growing season and including aboveground organs at various developmental stages, revealed that only about half of all samples collected showed cyanogenesis. Cyanogenesis was detected in inflorescences and leaves but is apparently restricted to certain harvest times or developmental stages. The structurally unusual triglochinin, characterized by a hex-2-enedioic acid partial structure, was the only cyanogenic glycoside detected. This is the first description of triglochinin in this species and in the family of Araliaceae. Triglochinin is biogenetically derived from tyrosine, which is in good agreement with the few cyanogenic glycosides previously detected in members of the Araliaceae family. Triglochinin was identified, characterized, and quantified by modern chromatographic methods, and the amount of enzymatically releasable hydrocyanic acid was determined qualitatively and quantitatively. Two isomers of triglochinin were detected chromatographically at minor levels. The isomeric pattern agreed well with literature data from other triglochinin-containing plants. This was confirmed in the two species, Triglochin maritima and Thalictrum aquilegiifolium, which were comparatively studied. In the case of A. spinosa, inflorescence buds harvested in July showed the highest content of triglochinin, just under 0.2% on a dry weight basis. The detection of triglochinin adds to the knowledge of toxicological properties and the dereplication of U(H)PLC/MS² data provides a comprehensive phytochemical profile of A. spinosa.

scholarly journals Comparing two versions of a non-linear model for simulating leaf number and developmental stages in maize based on air temperature

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 642-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nereu Augusto Streck ◽  
Luana Fernandes Gabriel ◽  
Flavia Kaufmann Samboranha ◽  
Isabel Lago ◽  
Ana Paula Schwantes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Arithmetic Average ◽  
Daily Minimum ◽  
Maize Variety ◽  
Non Linear

The Wang and Engel (WE) model simulates crop development considering the non-linear response of plant development to temperature. Daily air temperature is the input for the temperature response function [f(T)] in the WE model, and because there are several approaches for computing daily temperatures, there are several ways to calculate the f(T). The objective of this study was to compare two versions of the WE model for simulating leaf number and developmental stages in maize, considering two approaches for imputing daily air temperature (daily mean air temperature and daily minimum/maximum air temperature). A two-year field experiment with the maize variety BRS Missões sown in several sowing dates was conducted in Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, during the 2005-2006 and 2006-2007 growing seasons. The f(T) in the WE model was calculated using daily mean air temperature calculated as the arithmetic average of daily minimum (TN) and maximum (TX) air temperatures (WE Tmean), and calculating an f(T) using TN and an f(T) using TX and then averaging the two f(T)s (WE Tmm). Ligule and tip leaf number, and silking and physiological maturity developmental stages measured in the 2005-2006 growing season were used to estimate model coefficients and the ones measured in the 2006-2007 growing season were used as independent data sets to evaluate models. Predictions of ligule and tip leaf number, silking and physiological maturity of the maize variety BRS Missões were better with the WE Tmm model than with the WE Tmean model.

scholarly journals Global Transcriptome and Correlation Analysis Reveal Cultivar-Specific Molecular Signatures Associated with Fruit Development and Fatty Acid Determination in Camellia oleifera Abel

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Shaofeng Peng ◽  
Jia Lu ◽  
Zhen Zhang ◽  
Li Ma ◽  
Caixia Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Edible Oil ◽  
Seed Kernel ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Time Points

Background. Oil-tea Camellia is a very important edible oil plant widely distributed in southern China. Tea oil extracted from the oil-tea Camellia seeds is beneficial to health and is considered as a health edible oil. We attempt to identify genes related to fatty acid biosynthesis in an oil-tea Camellia seed kernel, generated a comprehensive transcriptome analysis of the seed kernel at different developmental stages, and explore optimal picking time of fruit. Material and Methods. A gas chromatography-mass spectrometer was used to detect the content of various fatty acids in samples. Transcriptome analysis was performed to detect gene dynamics and corresponding functions. Results. Multiple phenotypic data were counted in detail, including the oil content, oleic acid content, linoleic acid content, linolenic acid content, fruit weight, fruit height, fruit diameter, single seed weight, seed length, and seed width in different developmental stages, which indicate that a majority of indicators increased with the development of oil-tea Camellia. The transcriptomics was conducted to perform a comprehensive and system-level view on dynamic gene expression networks for different developmental stages. Short Time-series Expression Miner (STEM) analysis of XL106 (the 6 time points) and XL210 (8 time points) was performed to screen related fatty acid (FA) gene set, from which 1041 candidate genes related to FA were selected in XL106 and 202 related genes were screened in XL210 based on GO and KEGG enrichment. Then, candidate genes and trait dataset were combined to conduct correlation analysis, and 10 genes were found to be strongly connected with several key traits. Conclusions. The multiple phenotypic data revealed the dynamic law of changes during the picking stage. Transcriptomic analysis identified a large number of potential key regulatory factors that can control the oil content of dried kernels, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, fresh seed rate, and kernel-to-seed ratio, thereby providing a new insight into the molecular networks underlying the picking stage of oil-tea Camellia, which provides a theoretical basis for the optimal fruit picking point.

scholarly journals Comparison of Safflower Cultivation in Two Seasons in the South of Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Marinez Carpiski Sampaio ◽  
Reginaldo Ferreira Santos ◽  
Paulo Sérgio Rabello de Oliveira ◽  
Doglas Bassegio ◽  
Carlos Augusto Rocha de Moraes Rego ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
T Test ◽  
Probability Of Error ◽  
Oil Productivity ◽  
Number Of Branches

The objective of this work was to evaluate the production components, grain yield and safflower character correlations as a function of two sowing seasons (autumn and winter). Safflower culture was implanted in 2014 in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The evaluation of safflower crop occurred in two seasons of the year, with the first growing season being characterized by sowing on April 30, 2014 (autumn), and the second growing season on July 30, 2014 (winter). The evaluations occur when the plants showed a 50% flowering and the following determination: plant height, number of branches per plant and chapters, stem diameter, dry weight of the stalk, dry mass of the branches dry mass of chapters and mass dry roots, grain yield, oil content and oil productivity. Growth stations were compared at 5% probability of error by the Student t test. For the study of correlations, Pearson’s linear correlation coefficient matrix (r) was estimated between the characters by means of the Student’s t-test, with a 5% probability of error. Except for the oil content and number of branches, safflower characters were benefited by early sowing in autumn. Safflower cultivated in autumn produced 3,820 kg ha-1 and in winter yielded 2,068 kg ha-1. For the early cultivation of autumn, the characters have greater correlation, favored by the climatic conditions. Grain and oil productivity obtained correlation higher than 97% in both seasons.

scholarly journals A new multiple purposes variety of industrial hemp ‘Artemida’ with a high oil content and fiber quality

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
S. V. Mishchenko ◽  
H. I. Kyrychenko ◽  
I. M. Laiko
Keyword(s):  
Oil Content ◽  
Fiber Quality ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Quality Trait ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Fiber Yield ◽  
Cannabinoid Compounds ◽  
Industrial Hemp

Purpose. Creation of industrial hemp variety of multiple purposes with the absence of cannabinoid compounds, high oil content in seeds and fiber quality. Methods. Bree­ding (self-pollination, varietal-linear hybridization in the conditions of a vegetation house, selection), field, laboratory, instrumental-technological assessment of fiber quality, mathematical statistics. Results. The ‘Artemida’ variety was created as a result of hybridization of the ‘Hlesiia’ variety with the self-pollinated line of the sixth generation of the ‘Zolotoniski 15’ variety and selection for stabilization of high productivity traits and improvement of quality trait of hemp production. The variety belongs to the medium-ripe group; the growing season is 94 days before the phase of technological maturity and 118 days before the phase of biological maturity. When grown for fiber, the variety had a higher fiber yield (2.56 t/ha), the yield of all fiber (30.4% and including long fiber 27.6%). When grown for fiber and seeds, the plant is significantly inferior in height, which is positive for harves­ting seeds with a combine harvester, has a significantly higher seed yield (1.29 t/ha), oil content (36.8%) and fiber yield (2.01 t/ha) in comparison with the standard of the varie­ty ‘Hliana’. The analysis of the correspondence between the empirical and theoretical distribution of such a trait as the oil content in the seeds of elite plants of the ‘Artemida’ variety indicates its high stability. A notable feature of the variety is the formation of friendly seedlings and intensive plant growth at the beginning of the growing season, which helps to reduce the weediness of crops.  Conclusions. The new variety of hemp ‘Artemida’ of multiple purposes belongs to the Central European ecological and geographical type, although created as a result of varietal-linear hybridization of different types with selection on the basis of productivity, is characte­rized by complete absence of cannabinoid compounds, high oil content and fiber quality. The variety is recommended for growing for fiber and seeds. Due to its high yield potential, it is competitive in the industrial hemp market.

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