scholarly journals SWEETPOTATO STORAGE ROOT MUTATIONS

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 727b-727
Author(s):  
R. C. Sloan ◽  
P. G. Thompson ◽  
W. B. Burdine ◽  
J. L. Main ◽  
P. D. Gerard
Keyword(s):  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Seed Plant ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
The Third ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
Foundation Seed

`Beauregard' storage roots which were discarded from the Mississippi sweetpotato foundation seed program because of the presence of flesh mutations were bedded in Spring 1991. After the plants were pulled from the roots, the roots were further examined, and the flesh mutations were characterized by size and frequency. The progency from the original roots were examined for flesh mutations for three generations in 1991, 1992, and 1993. The degree of mutation in the original root did not influence the degree of mutation in succeeding generations of storage roots. In 1992 and 1993, the degree of mutation in the third and fourth generation roots did not differ from that of storage roots grown from plants from the foundation seed plant beds.

scholarly journals Menyoroti Sejarah Perkembangan Undang-Undang tentang Air Pengairan dan Sumber Daya Air

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Effendi Pasandaran
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Governance ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Bank Loan ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Water Law ◽  
Agricultural Export ◽  
The Third ◽  
Three Generations

<p><strong>English</strong><br />From the viewpoint of historical perspective Indonesia has experienced three generations of water law namely Algemeen Water Reglement (general water law), year 1936, Law No 11 of 1974 and Law No 7 Year 2004 on water resources. The purpose of this paper is to study factors considered as the drivers of the emergence of each generation of law. The analysis of historical context identified the dominant factors. The three generations of law are driven by various factors in response to the emerging political interests. In the first, ethical politics, development of hydraulic technology, and the interest to support agricultural export commodity are important driving factors. In the second, green revolution technologies, and the political interest to achieve rice self- sufficiency are dominant factors while that of  the  third is influenced  by politics of bureaucracy  in the aftermath of economic crisis of 1998, economic liberalization as  condition for the World Bank loan, and global political pressure to implement integrated water resources management. By the cancelation of the third generation of law Indonesia is stepping toward the fourth generation of law which has to be prepared in accountable manner based on the principles of good water governance.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Dari perspektif sejarah, Indonesia telah mengalami tiga generasi undang-undang yang terkait dengan air, yaitu Algemene Water Reglement tahun 1936, Undang-Undang No. 11 Tahun 1974 tentang Pengairan, dan UU No. 7 Tahun 2004 tentang Sumber Daya Air. Tulisan ini bertujuan mempelajari faktor-faktor penyebab munculnya undang-undang pada setiap generasi dan mengusulkan langkah-langkah kebijakan untuk mempersiapkan undang-undang generasi keempat. Berdasarkan konteks sejarah diidentifikasi faktor-faktor dominan yang menjadi pemicu munculnya undang-undang pemicu. Ketiga generasi undang-undang tersebut dipicu oleh berbagai faktor sebagai respons terhadap  berbagai kepentingan politik yang muncul. Pada generasi pertama, politik etika, perkembangan teknologi hidrolika, dan kepentingan ekspor komoditas pertanian merupakan faktor-faktor pemicu. Pada generasi kedua, teknologi revolusi hijau dan kepentingan politik mencapai swasembada beras merupakan faktor dominan, sedangkan undang-undang generasi ketiga dipengaruhi oleh perkembangan birokrasi politik pasca krisis ekonomi tahun 1998, liberalisasi ekonomi sebagai persyaratan bantuan Bank Dunia, dan tekanan politik global untuk melaksanakan pengelolaan sumber daya air terpadu. Dengan dibatalkannya undang-undang generasi ketiga, Indonesia memerlukan undang-undang generasi keempat yang perlu disiapkan dengan lebih bertanggung jawab  dan didasarkan pada prinsip-prinsip tata kelola air yang baik.</p>

scholarly journals Sweetpotato `Beauregard' Mericlones Vary in Yield, Vine Characteristics, and Storage Root Size and Shape Attributes

HortScience ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1089-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.Q. Villordon ◽  
J.M. Cannon ◽  
H.L. Carroll ◽  
J.W. Franklin ◽  
C.A. Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Methods Of Evaluation ◽  
Foundation Seed ◽  
Axis Length ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Selection Of

Yield tests and evaluation of selected storage root and vine characters were conducted among 12 `Beauregard' sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] mericlones. Maximum yield differences were 43%, 48%, 79%, and 40% for U.S. #1, canners, jumbos, and total marketable yield, respectively. Additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) biplot analysis was useful in graphically presenting the yield differences and stability patterns of mericlones. Differences were also detected in vine length, internode diameter, and internode length. Digital image analysis of U.S. #1 storage roots also revealed differences in storage root minor axis length, roundness, and elongation attributes. The results provide valuable information for enhancing current methods of evaluation and selection of mericlones for inclusion in sweetpotato foundation seed programs.

Charles Francis Adams (1807–1886): A Forgotten Family Man of Letters

1972 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-265
Author(s):  
Earl N. Harbert
Keyword(s):  
Second Generation ◽  
Political Leadership ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Henry Adams ◽  
Family Activities ◽  
The Third ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
Adams Family ◽  
First And Second Generation ◽  
American Families

In any catalogue of famous American families, the Adams name takes second place to none. John and John Quincy Adams were first and second generation Presidents, and in the fourth generation Charles Francis Jr., Brooks, and Henry Adams all gained renown as historians and writers. Upon closer study, however, the story of the Adamses presents us with something more significant than an example of sequential biography; rather, it suggests a fascinating historical and literary problem. For what began as a political dynasty endured three generations later as a family literary society, effectively divorced from the exercise of those powers which had once appeared to be a birthright. A dramatic transition from political leadership to literary notoriety had been completed; and this change symbolized the alteration in Adams family fortunes between 1828 and 1920. Even as it was taking place, moreover, this shift in the nature and character of family activities and attainments puzzled and sometimes tortured those members of the third and fourth generations who felt themselves being made the victims of the change. Brooks Adams, for example, shows his anguished response in ‘The Heritage of Henry Adams’ and Law of Civilization and Decay; and Henry Adams registers his own surprise and cool horror when he contemplates the fate of the Adamses in The Education of Henry Adams.

scholarly journals A low-cost aeroponic phenotyping system for storage root development: unravelling the below-ground secrets of cassava (Manihot esculenta)

Plant Methods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Gomez Selvaraj ◽  
Maria Elker Montoya-P ◽  
John Atanbori ◽  
Andrew P. French ◽  
Tony Pridmore
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Root Initiation ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Economic Traits ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Storage Root Development

Abstract Background Root and tuber crops are becoming more important for their high source of carbohydrates, next to cereals. Despite their commercial impact, there are significant knowledge gaps about the environmental and inherent regulation of storage root (SR) differentiation, due in part to the innate problems of studying storage roots and the lack of a suitable model system for monitoring storage root growth. The research presented here aimed to develop a reliable, low-cost effective system that enables the study of the factors influencing cassava storage root initiation and development. Results We explored simple, low-cost systems for the study of storage root biology. An aeroponics system described here is ideal for real-time monitoring of storage root development (SRD), and this was further validated using hormone studies. Our aeroponics-based auxin studies revealed that storage root initiation and development are adaptive responses, which are significantly enhanced by the exogenous auxin supply. Field and histological experiments were also conducted to confirm the auxin effect found in the aeroponics system. We also developed a simple digital imaging platform to quantify storage root growth and development traits. Correlation analysis confirmed that image-based estimation can be a surrogate for manual root phenotyping for several key traits. Conclusions The aeroponic system developed from this study is an effective tool for examining the root architecture of cassava during early SRD. The aeroponic system also provided novel insights into storage root formation by activating the auxin-dependent proliferation of secondary xylem parenchyma cells to induce the initial root thickening and bulking. The developed system can be of direct benefit to molecular biologists, breeders, and physiologists, allowing them to screen germplasm for root traits that correlate with improved economic traits.

scholarly journals Alberto Blest Gana and Clotario Blest. Literary and Political Legacy of an Irishman in Chile

ABEI Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Janina Hosiasson
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Life Stories ◽  
The Third ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
Alberto Blest Gana

A panorama of Chilean history is framed by three generations of the Blest family. The three characters of the saga were pioneers in their respective occupations: the first was the founder of medicine in Chile; the second was the initiator of the Chilean novel and the third was the creator of the Central Única de Trabajadores (CUT), the tenacious defenders of labour wrights in the twentieth century. Father, son and grandson describe their life stories as a sinuous and complex journey, as it generally is when history is observed in detail.Keywords: Alberto Blest Gana; Clotario Blest; the Irish in Chile.

scholarly journals Maciej Ziemierski, Testamenty krakowskiej rodziny Królików z XVII w.

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 11-41
Author(s):  
Maciej Ziemierski
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Family Members ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Town ◽  
Distinguished Member

17th century testaments of the Królik family from Krakow The article is dedicated to the Królik family from Krakow, who lived in the town from the late 16th century until the first years of the 18th century. The family members initially worked as tailors, later reinforcing the group of Krakow merchants in the third generation (Maciej Królik). Wojciech Królik – from the fourth generation – was a miner in Olkusz. The text omits the most distinguished member of the family, Wojciech’s oldest brother, the Krakow councillor Mikołaj Królik, whose figure has been covered in a separate work. The work shows the complicated religious relations in the family of non-Catholics, initially highly engaged in the life of the Krakow Congregation, but whose members gradually converted from Evangelism to Catholicism. As a result, Wojciech Królik and his siblings became Catholics. This work is complemented by four testaments of family members, with the first, Jakub Królik’s, being written in 1626 and the last one, Wojciech Królik’s, written in 1691.

scholarly journals Genetic Variability for Yield and Nutritional Quality in Yam Bean (Pachyrhizus sp.)

HortScience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 1079-1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolland Agaba ◽  
Phinehas Tukamuhabwa ◽  
Patrick Rubaihayo ◽  
Silver Tumwegamire ◽  
Andrew Ssenyonjo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
High Dry Matter ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation

The amount of genotypic and phenotypic variability that exists in a species is important for selection and initiating breeding programs. Yam bean is grown locally in tropical countries of the Americas and Asia for their tasty storage roots, which usually have low dry matter content. The crop was recently introduced in Uganda and other East and Central African countries to supplement iron (Fe) and protein content in diets. This study aimed to estimate genetic variability for root yield and quality traits among 26 yam bean accessions in Uganda. A randomized complete block design was used with two replications across two ecogeographical locations and two seasons during 2012 and 2013. Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to determine quality of storage root samples. Significant differences among genotypes were observed for all traits except root protein, zinc (Zn), and phosphorus contents. Genotypic variance components () were significant for storage root fresh yield (SRFY), storage root dry matter (SRDM), storage root dry yield (SRDY), vine yield (VNY), fresh biomass yield (FBY), and storage root starch (STA) and Fe contents. For traits with significant the broad sense heritability estimates ranged from 58.4% for SRDY to 83.6% for FBY; and phenotypic coefficients of variation were high for SRFY (66%), SRDY (53.3%), VNY (60.5%), and FBY (59%), but low to medium for SRDM (22.6%), STA (15.1%), and Fe (21.3%). Similarly, the genotypic coefficients of variation were high for SRFY (56.7%), SRDY (53.3%), VNY (55%), and FBY (53.9%); and low for SRDM (20%), STA (12.4%), and Fe (17.8%). There were strong positive correlations between SRFY and both SRDY (r = 0.926) and FBY (r = 0.962), but low-to-moderate correlations among quality traits. It should be possible to breed for high dry matter yam beans by using low dry matter accessions due to the observed genetic variation ( = 9.3%2), which is important if the high dry matter Pachyrhizus tuberosus accessions (known as chuin) from Peru cannot be accessed. This study indicated substantial genetic variation for yield and quality traits in yam bean, demonstrating potential for adaptability to growing conditions and consumer needs in East and Central Africa and for genetic improvement through selection.

Sweetpotato root development influences susceptibility to black rot caused by the fungal pathogen Ceratocystis fimbriata

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilo Humberto Parada Rojas ◽  
Kenneth Pecota ◽  
Christie Almeyda ◽  
G. Craig Yencho ◽  
Lina Quesada-Ocampo
Keyword(s):  
Root Development ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Black Rot ◽  
Wild Relative ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Ceratocystis Fimbriata ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Storage Root Development

Black rot of sweetpotato caused by Ceratocystis fimbriata, is an important reemerging disease threatening sweetpotato production in the United States. This study assessed disease susceptibility of the storage root surface, storage root cambium, and slips (vine cuttings) of 48 sweetpotato cultivars, advanced breeding lines, and wild relative accessions. We also characterized the effect of storage root development on susceptibility to C. fimbriata. None of the cultivars examined at the storage root level were resistant, with most cultivars exhibiting similar levels of susceptibility. In storage roots, Jewel and Covington were the least susceptible and significantly different from White Bonita, the most susceptible cultivar. In the slip, significant differences in disease incidence were observed for above and below ground plant structures among cultivars, advanced breeding lines, and wild relative accessions. Burgundy and Ipomoea littoralis displayed less below ground disease incidence as compared to NASPOT 8, Sunnyside and LSU-417, the most susceptible cultivars. Correlation of black rot susceptibility between storage roots and slips was not significant, suggesting that slip assays are not useful to predict resistance in storage roots. Immature, early developing storage roots were comparatively more susceptible than older, fully developed storage roots. The high significant correlation between storage root cross-section area and cross-sectional lesion ratio suggests the presence of an unfavorable environment for C. fimbriata as the storage root develops. Incorporating applications of effective fungicides at transplanting and during early storage root development when sweetpotato tissues are most susceptible to black rot infection may improve disease management efforts.

scholarly journals The use of humic acid urea fertilizer for increasing yield and utilization of nitrogen in sweet potato  

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Xiaoguang ◽  
Kou Meng ◽  
Tang Zhonghou ◽  
Zhang Aijun ◽  
Li Hongmin
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Nitrogen Absorption ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Urea Fertilizer

Humic acid urea fertilizer (HA-N) is a new type of slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer that can enhance utilization rate of urea, and consequently increases crop yield. However, there were few researches about the effect of HA-N on the nitrogen absorption and utilization in sweet potato production. Hence, the effect of HA-N on nitrogen accumulation and distribution, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and yield of sweet potato was studied in the field using the <sup>15</sup>N tracer technique. Results showed that HA-N significantly increased the number of storage roots per plant and the average fresh weight per storage root, as well as the yield increased by 29.6% compared with urea fertilizer. Furthermore, nitrogen accumulation of total plant was higher under the HA-N. In addition, HA-N significantly increased nitrogen production efficiency of fertilizer and nitrogen production efficiency. Results of a <sup>15</sup>N tracer experiment revealed that the percentage of nitrogen absorbed by plant from fertilizer increased from 31.1% to 38.7% and NUE increased from 33.5% to 44.8% with application of HA-N when compared with single N treatment, respectively. HA-N significantly increased sweet potato storage root yield, nitrogen absorption and NUE, as well as it reduced the loss of nitrogen fertilizer.  

Canadian heritage German across three generations: A diary-based study of language shift in action

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Doris Stolberg
Keyword(s):  
Heritage Language ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Language Shift ◽  
Language Choice ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Heritage Speakers ◽  
Language System ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractIt is well known that migration has an effect on language use and language choice. If the language of origin is maintained after migration, it tends to change in the new contact setting. Often, migrants shift to the new majority language within few generations. The current paper examines a diary corpus containing data from three generations of one German-Canadian family, ranging from 1867 to 1909, and covering the second to fourth generation after immigration. The paper analyzes changes that can be observed between the generations, with respect to the language system as well as to the individuals’ decision on language choice. The data not only offer insight into the dynamics of acquiring a written register of a heritage language, and the eventual shift to the majority language. They also allow us to identify different linguistic profiles of heritage speakers within one community. It is discussed how these profiles can be linked to the individuals’ family backgrounds and how the combination of these backgrounds may have contributed to giving up the heritage language in favor of the majority language.

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