scholarly journals 255 Biomass and Phenolic Content of Echinacea Species Grown in Kentucky

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 435B-435
Author(s):  
Jenny Heringer Vires ◽  
Robert Geneve ◽  
Robert Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
First Year ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
The Past ◽  
Purple Coneflower ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Herbaceous Perennial

Purple coneflower, Echinacea sp. (Asteraceae), is a herbaceous perennial native to North America. Within the past decade, extensive research has been conducted to confirm echinacea's immunostimulatory, antiviral, and antibacterial benefits to humans. E. angustifolia, E. purpurea, and E. pallida are the primary species grown and studied for the herbal industry. However, there are other species and cultivars that may produce higher yields in biomass and chemical quality. The objective for this study is to evaluate the differences in biomass and phenolic content of five cultivars of E. purpurea and five species of Echinacea under Kentucky growing conditions. Differences in biomass (dry weight) of Echinacea species and cultivars harvested after the first year of growth was determined. There was a significant difference in total dry weight between E. purpurea cultivars. E. purpurea `Bright Star' and `Clio' produced significantly greater total dry weight compared to all other cultivars. There was no significant difference in root or flower biomass between cultivars. Biomass production differed between Echinacea species for root, vegetative, and flower parts. The total biomass of E. purpurea and E. tennesseensis was significantly higher compared to other species. E. pallida and E. paradoxa were not significantly different from E. purpurea in root biomass, even though both species produced less above-ground growth. E. tennesseensis produced 45% to 105% more flowers compared to other species. Differences in phenolic content between species and cultivars will also be presented.

scholarly journals Fertilizer, Flower Bud Removal and Vegetative Pruning of Echinacea species (Purple Coneflower) Influence Biomass and Phenolic Content

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 551A-551
Author(s):  
Jenny Heringer Vires ◽  
Robert Anderson ◽  
Robert Geneve
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Echinacea Purpurea ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Purple Coneflower ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Bud Removal

Purple Coneflower [Echinacea sp. (Asteracea)] is of great value to the horticultural, pharmaceutical, and herbal industry. More research is needed to determine cultural practices that will produce a plant high in biomass and phenolic content, the chemical used for testing the quality of the harvested plant on a percent basis of roots, flowers and vegetative parts. The objective of this experiment is to determine if biomass and phenolic content of Echinacea purpurea and E. purpurea `Magnus' is influenced by fertilization after flower bud removal and vegetative pruning. The second objective of this study is to form an evaluation of the differences in biomass and phenolic content of five cultivars of E. purpurea and five species of Echinacea. Biomass and phenolic content will be evaluated to determine if exposing these plants to various treatments increases the quality of the plant over 1 and 2 years of growth. Differences in dry weights of Echinacea species and cultivars harvested after the first year of growth was determined. There was a significant difference in total dry weight between E. purpurea cultivars. Echinacea purpurea `Bright Star' and `Clio' significantly produced the most total dry weight compared to all other cultivars. There was no significant difference in root or flower biomass between cultivars. Biomass of Echinacea species was significantly different in root, vegetaive and flower parts. The total biomass of E. purpurea and E. tennesseensis was significantly higher compared to other species. Echinacea pallida and E. paradoxa were not significantly different from E. purpurea in root biomass, even though both species were small in above ground growth. Echinacea tennesseensis significantly produced 45% to 105% more flowers compared to other species. Differences in phenolic content between species and cultivars will also be presented.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Genotypes for Quality Seedlings

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-116
Author(s):  
Shahrina Akhtar ◽  
Jalal Uddin Ahmed ◽  
Abdul Hamid ◽  
Md Rafiqul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Maximum Variance ◽  
Total Dry Weight

A study was conducted to evaluate 100 chickpea genotypes to explore their genetic diversity in respect of emergence and growth attributes. A high genotypic variation was observed in the characters studied. The highest positive correlation corresponded to the root mass and total plant biomass of the seedlings. Seedling biomass production was highly subjective to seedling vigor. Using discriminant function analysis, the first two functions contributed 46.2 and 39.0%, and altogether 85.2% of the variability among the genotypes. Function 1 was positively related to dry weight of root and total plants. The character with the greatest weight on function 2 was seedling emergence rate. The total dry weight of seedlings played the most dominant role in explaining the maximum variance in the genotypes. The genotypes were grouped into six clusters. Each cluster had specific seedling characteristics and the clusters 5 and 6 were closely related and clearly separated from clusters 1 and 4 for their higher amount of root and total biomass production, and vigorous seedlings, where as, the genotypes in cluster 2 and 3 were intermediate. The genotypes in cluster 5 followed by cluster 6 appeared to be important resources for selecting and developing chickpea variety. Keywords: Chickpea; genotypes; seedling; quality DOI: 10.3329/agric.v8i2.7584 The Agriculturists 8(2): 108-116 (2010)

scholarly journals Response of Sophora secundiflora to Nitrogen Form and Rate

HortScience ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 1303-1307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genhua Niu ◽  
Denise Rodriguez ◽  
Mengmeng Gu
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nitrogen Form ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Root To Shoot Ratio ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Mountain Laurel

Texas mountain laurel (Sophora secundiflora) is a native shrub tolerating drought, heat, windy conditions, and alkaline or wet soils. However, its availability is somewhat low and little information is available on nutrient requirement and other culture information. Two greenhouse experiments were conducted to quantify the responses of Texas mountain laurel to different forms and rates of nitrogen (N) fertilizer. In Expt. 1, 1-year old seedlings were treated for 194 days with three NO3:NH4 ratios at 25:75, 50:50, and 75:25 and two rates of N at 100 and 200 mg·L−1 in a factorial design. There was no interaction between the N rate and form on any growth parameters. Nitrogen form did not significantly affect shoot dry weight, root dry weight, root–to-shoot ratio, or the total dry weight. There was no significant difference between N rate of 100 and 200 mg·L−1 on root dry weight, root-to-shoot ratio, or the total dry weight. The shoot dry weight of Texas mountain laurel fertilized with 100 mg·L−1 was higher compared with that of the plants fertilized at 200 mg·L−1. The reduced shoot dry weight at N of 200 mg·L−1 was the result of the higher substrate salinity. In Expt. 2, seedlings were fertilized with five N rates (50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mg·L−1) for 203 days. Plants watered with 150, 200, and 250 mg·L−1 were taller than those fertilized with 50 mg·L−1. The shoot height of plants watered with 100 mg·L−1 was only significantly different from 50 mg·L−1. For rapid growth of Texas mountain laurel, a N rate range of ≈150 mg·L−1 was recommended supplied with a combination of NO3-N and NH4-N in the ratios of 0.3 to 3.0.

scholarly journals Response of Short Duration Tropical Legumes and Maize to Water Stress: A Glasshouse Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossain Sohrawardy ◽  
Md. Lokman Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Tropical Legumes ◽  
Water Stress Condition ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
And Performance

The study was conducted as a pot experiment in the tropical glasshouse to evaluate the response of grain legumes (Phaseolus vulgaris, Vigna unguiculata, andLablab purpureus) in comparison to maize (Zea mays) and estimate their potential and performance. Two experiments were established using completely randomized design. Physiological measurements (stomatal conductance, photosynthetic activities, and transpiration rates) were measured using LCpro instrument. Scholander bomb was used for the measurement of plant cell water potential. Significant difference was observed in different plant species with increase of different water regimes. Among the legumes,L. purpureusshowed better response in water stressed conditions. At the beginning, in dry watered treatment the photosynthetic rate was below 0 µmol m−2 s−1and in fully watered condition it was 48 µmol m−2 s−1. In dry treatment, total dry weight was 10 g/pot and in fully watered condition it was near to 20 g/pot inP. vulgaris. The study concludes that water stress condition should be taken into consideration for such type of crop cultivation in arid and semiarid regions.

Experimental Evidence of a Plant Meridian System IV.

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 (02) ◽  
pp. 135-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Z. Hou ◽  
M. D. Li
Keyword(s):  
Sound Production ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Net Photosynthesis Rate ◽  
Bush Bean ◽  
Agricultural Plants ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Conditions

We have shown previously that plants exhibit functional characteristics similar to the meridian system in humans and animals, such as high potential and low electrical resistance, high temperature, and spontaneous sound production. Here we will show the effect of acupuncture on plants. When plants of Phaseolus vulgaris L. pole bean (cv. Kentucky wonder) and bush bean (cv. Slenderette) were subjected to acupuncture by inserting two needles into opposite sides of the stem of the unifoliolate buds, it was found that acupuncture strengthened the growth and development of the plants. Two repeated experiments showed that the mean net photosynthesis rate of plants subjected to acupuncture increased about 20.5%, the mean transpiration 27.2%, the growth and total length of internodes 22.5%, and the total dry weight of shoots from the cotyledon to the apex 22.9%, in comparisons with control plants under the same growing conditions. In addition, treated plants flowered three days earlier and had 14.4% more fruit than the untreated control plants. Thus, acupuncture may serve as a viable technique for increasing yield in agricultural plants.

The influence of girdling on flower type, number, inflorescence density, fruit set, and yields in three different olive cultivars (Barnea, Picual, and Souri)

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 827 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Levin ◽  
S. Lavee
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Young Age ◽  
First Year ◽  
Saline Irrigation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Olive Cultivars ◽  
Flower Type ◽  
Olive Trees ◽  
Growing Conditions

The influence of girdling on flower type and number, inflorescence density, and fruit set in 3 different olive cultivars (Barnea, Picual, and Souri) under intensive growing conditions using saline irrigation water was studied for 3 years. The density of inflorescences on the branches was not affected by girdling in any of the 3 cultivars during any of the 3 consecutive years studied. Also, no clear relation between the number of flowers and girdling was found in any of the 3 cultivars tested. The percentage of perfect flowers on the girdled scaffolds of cvv. Barnea and Picual increased significantly, except for Picual in 2002 where no differences were observed. However, no such difference between the non-girdled and girdled scaffolds was observed in cv. Souri. Comparison of fruit set on non-girdled and girdled scaffolds showed a similar and generally positive response to the treatment in the examined cultivars. However, in the third year of the study, no significant difference between the non-girdled and girdled scaffolds was observed. A significantly higher yield of the girdled trees was measured in the 3 cultivars during the first year after the winter girdling. Due to the young age of the trees the effect of girdling on yield was not further recorded. Fruit size on the girdled scaffolds was smaller than those from the non-girdled ones, as a consequence a higher percentage of fruit set was observed on the first ones. The results presented in this study point to different varietal responses of olive trees to girdling. However, this might also be due to the young age of the trees in this study as well as the peculiar agronomic condition of the trees.

scholarly journals Analysis of Carbon Above The Ground As The Indicator of Forest Health In Protection Forest Registers 25

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-10
Author(s):  
Rayi Nindya Lestari ◽  
Christine Wulandari ◽  
Rahmat Safe’i ◽  
Arief Darmawan
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Forest Health ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Health Indicator ◽  
Global Issues ◽  
Protection Forest ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Forest health is very important in the whole world, when global issues such as air pollution, acid rain, forest fires, quality and quantity of water, and global climate change has affected the realization of a sustainable forest.  Achievement of forest preservation in a forest ecosystem, criteria and indicators have been widely formulated.  Therefore, carbon analysis is significantly needed to figure the indicator of forest health. The aim of the research was to analyze the carbon as a forest health indicator in Protection Forest, Reg. 25. The data were collected through cluster plot based on Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) method.  The calculus of the amount of stored biomass within the tree was referring to Ketterings, et al, (2001) is W = 0,11 x ρ x D2,62, mean while under growth and litter biomass are gained from total dry weight. Carbon sink is based on conversion number; 0,5 out of total biomass number. The average of carbon stored in Protection Forest Reg. 25 is about 939,12 ton/ha. Carbon within the stands are contributed the most; 937, 43 ton/ha, litter carbon about 1,06 ton C/ha and undergrowth carbon is about 0,63 ton C/ha. Based on the analysis, carbon can be a health indicator of Protection Forest Register 25 with the category of ugly, moderate, and good.  Cluster plots 1 and 2 included good category (1,232.75 ton C/ha -- 1744.13 ton C/ha).  As for cluster plots 3 and 4 included ugly category (209.97 ton C/ha -- 721.35 ton C/ha).

Effect of plant spacing on tea (Camellia sinensis L.) yield at Wollongbar, New South Wales

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 781 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Trochoulias ◽  
EB Dettmann
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Double Row ◽  
Single Row ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Tea yields were compared from single-row plots (2 m apart, 63-cm spacing within rows) and double-row plots planted at 2 different row spacings (2 m between row centres, rows 90 cm apart, plant spacing of 83 or 56 cm within rows), giving plant densities of 8 000, 12 000 and 18 000 bushes/ha. Over a 6-year period total dry weight yields from double-row plots (10.70 t/ha) were significantly higher than from single-row plots (8.21 t/ha), but there was no significant difference between yields from double-row plots with different within-row spacing.

scholarly journals Stomach content analysis of a Dugong (Dugong dugon) from South Sulawesi, Indonesia

1993 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 229 ◽  
Author(s):  
PLA Erftemeijer ◽  
Djunarli ◽  
W Moka
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stomach Content Analysis ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Feeding Selectivity ◽  
Individual Female ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
Total Dry Weight

A quantitative analysis of the stomach contents of an individual female dugong (Dugong dugon) caught by fishermen in February 1991 in the coastal waters of South Sulawesi, Indonesia, is presented. Of the total dry weight of digesta (about 3.4 kg), 98.9% consisted of seagrass material. Rhizome and root material of smaller pioneering genera (i.e. Halophila, Halodule, Cymodocea) accounted for 71.5% of the total dry weight. Enhalus acoroides dominated among leaf material (about 50%), but its contribution to the total biomass of the stomach contents was only 13.5%. Rhizome material of Enhalus and Thalassia was absent. The amount of sediment in the stomach was negligible. The results are compared with those from similar studies, and the implications for possible feeding selectivity are discussed.

scholarly journals PEMBERIAN WARNA CAHAYA BERBEDA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN KANDUNGAN SENYAWA ANTIOKSIDAN DALAM DAUN TANAMAN KRISAN (Chrysanthemum sp)

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-163
Author(s):  
Agus Rizki Ansori ◽  
Denna Eriani Munandar ◽  
Fitria Riany Eris
Keyword(s):  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Affected Plant ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Chrysanthemum plants besides being used as ornamental plants and cut flowers can also be useful in the world of health, namely as herbal tea. The parts of the plants used are leaves, flowers or both at once. The addition of different light colors in chrysanthemum plants is expected to improve the quality of chrysanthemum tea by increasing antioxidant compounds in chrysanthemum leaves. This study aims to determine the effect of the addition of different light colors on the growth and content of antioxidant compounds in the leaves of these plants. This research using Complete Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 4levels with 5 replications. The treatments given were 4 different colors namely white (W1), red (W2), yellow (W3), blue (W4). Observation data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), if there was a significant difference, then Duncan's Multiple Distance Test was conducted at 95% confidence level. The addition of different light colors had a very significant effect on total fresh weight, leaf fresh weight, fresh weight of stover and antioxidant activity then significantly affected plant height, total dry weight, leaf dry weight and dry weight of stover. But the number of leaves shows an unreal effect. The results showed that the addition of blue and yellow light colors had the highest effect on the content of antioxidant compounds.

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