scholarly journals 1-Methylcyclopropene Counteracts Fry Color Darkening Attributable to Carbon Dioxide and Ethylene Interaction

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 2112-2114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara J. Daniels-Lake ◽  
Robert K. Prange ◽  
Stephanie D. Bishop ◽  
Kimberly Hiltz
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Potato Industry ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Quality Characteristic ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Fry Color ◽  
Important Quality

The fry color of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) stored for processing remains an important quality characteristic that can be affected by many factors, including ethylene gas from various sources and the interaction of very low concentrations of ethylene gas (less than 1 μL·L−1) and accumulated CO2. Because previous studies show that pretreatment with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) can substantially reduce fry color darkening attributable to applied ethylene, we hypothesized that 1-MCP could also reduce fry color darkening attributable to the interaction of ethylene and CO2. Trials were conducted over two storage seasons, using ‘Russet Burbank’ tubers, either untreated or treated with 0.5 μL·L−1 ethylene gas ± 2 kPa CO2 and ± 1-MCP. Tubers exposed to ethylene gas had darker fry color than untreated tubers, whereas the fry color of tubers exposed to ethylene plus CO2 was darker still. However, the fry color of tubers pretreated with 1-MCP was as light as that of the untreated tubers. This provides a potential new tool for the potato industry to manage potato fry color of stored processing potatoes.

scholarly journals The Interaction Effect of Carbon Dioxide and Ethylene in the Storage Atmosphere on Potato Fry Color Is Dose-related

HortScience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1641-1644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara J. Daniels-Lake ◽  
Robert K. Prange
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Dormant Tuber ◽  
Fry Color ◽  
Storage Atmosphere

Previous studies have shown that the fry color of stored potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) can be negatively affected by an interaction between elevated CO2 (2 kPa) and ethylene gas (0.5 μL·L−1) from various sources. Two consecutive trials were conducted during each of two storage seasons (2006 and 2007) to study the effects of varying concentrations of these two gases. In each year, CO2 at 0, 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 kPa plus 0, 0.25, or 0.5 μL·L−1 ethylene was applied in a factorial design to ‘Russet Burbank’ tubers for 9 weeks. Trials that began in Jan. 2006 and Jan. 2007 comprised the dormant-tuber experiment; trials that began in Apr. 2006 and Apr. 2007 comprised the nondormant-tuber experiment. Fry color of the tubers was evaluated at the start of each trial and thereafter at intervals of 3 weeks. In all trials, when tubers were exposed to different concentrations of CO2 but without ethylene, fry color was the same as in untreated controls. When only ethylene was applied, the fry color was 7 to 22 Agtron percent reflectance units darker than the controls. In the nondormant-tuber experiment, the darkening resulting from ethylene was dose-related, in agreement with previous research. When the tubers were exposed to both CO2 and ethylene, dose-related responses to both gases were observed in the nondormant-tuber experiment, i.e., fry color was darker with an increase in either CO2 or ethylene when both gases were present. Neither the dose–response to ethylene nor the interaction between ethylene and CO2 was statistically significant in the dormant-tuber experiment. In both experiments, the darkest color was observed when both gases were present at the highest concentrations. A dose–response of potato fry color to CO2 in the presence of ethylene has not been reported previously.

Dry Cleaning with Liquid Carbon Dioxide

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gina Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Textile Processing ◽  
Dry Cleaning ◽  
Green Cleaning ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Liquid Co2 ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
High Pressure Equipment

The process of cleaning one item invariably involves making something else dirty. Whether that something else is an organic or halogenated solvent, soapy water, or a rag, we seldom address the dirtying that accompanies any cleaning process. If we are to achieve environmentally benign cleaning, we must look at the life cycle of solvents employed for cleaning, including the potential for recycling, reuse, or release into the environment. Truly “green” cleaning processes not only minimize the amount of waste generated; but also they prevent the dispersal of that waste into large amounts of solvent, water, soil, or air. Dense-phase carbon dioxide is a great cleaning solvent from a pollution-prevention viewpoint. By-product CO2 generated by other industrial processes can be captured, so it is not necessary to generate CO2 specifically for cleaning. Spills of CO2 will not contaminate groundwater or create a need for soil remediation. Carbon dioxide even has advantages for the work environment, since no chronic, harmful effects are known from repeated inhalation of low concentrations of CO2. The barriers to using CO2 as a cleaning solvent have centered around two issues: the expense of high-pressure equipment and the poor solubility of many contaminants in CO2. Micell Technologies, Inc., based in Raleigh, NC, has addressed the equipment issue by using liquid CO2 just below ambient temperature (∼18–22 °C) and vapor pressure (∼50 bar). The equipment needed to contain this pressure is considerably less expensive than that needed for supercritical CO2 processes. As for the second barrier, Micell has surfactant packages that enhance the ability of CO2 to dissolve many contaminants commonly found on clothes or on metal parts. Micell is in the process of designing and bringing to market integrated CO2 solutions, including equipment and appropriate chemistries, to replace the organic solvents or water traditionally used in garment dry cleaning, metal degreasing, and textile processing. Dry cleaning is a bit of a misnomer, in that clothes are cleaned in a liquid solvent. “Dry” simply means that exposure of a garment, such as a wool suit or silk blouse, to water is minimized to prevent damage to hydrophilic fibers.

scholarly journals Challenges of Seed Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Production and Supply System in Bangladesh - A Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-188
Author(s):  
Md. Rayhan Shaheb Shaheb ◽  
M Mahbuba Begum ◽  
Kabir Uddin Ahmed ◽  
Mahmudul Islam Nazrul ◽  
Siert G Wiersema
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Seed Potato ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Potato Industry ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Food And Nutritional Security

Potato (<i>Solanum tuberosum</i> L.) is an important vegetable that plays a vital role in global food and nutritional security and alleviation of poverty, especially in Bangladesh. Although, the soil and climatic conditions of  Bangladesh are favourable for potato cultivation, every year production is hampered due to use of low quality seeds. Seed potato industry is developing in Bangladesh. However, only 5-10% quality seeds are being produced and used by the potato farmers. Quality seeds alone can contribute to increased yield by 15-20%. Both public and private sectors together supply only 5% quality seed potato and the rest 95% is almost of low quality produced by the farmers themselves. In prioritizing different issues of agriculture, challenges of production and supply of quality seed to the farmers should be considered as a top priority issue. For increasing quality seeds, the whole seed system needs to be reviewed. The present work was an attempt to review the seed potato production systems, supply system  and also to identify the possible challenges and policy implications in regards of the problems on seed potato in Bangladesh.The Agriculturists 2015; 13(1) 173-188

The Photometabolism of glucose in Chlorella

1963 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 701-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. P. Whittingham ◽  
Margaret Bermingham ◽  
R. G. Hiller
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Calvin Cycle ◽  
Sugar Phosphate ◽  
Radioactive Carbon ◽  
Low Concentrations

Uniformly labelled radioactive glucose was fed to Chlorella cells in the presence of non-radioactive carbon dioxide. The concentration of carbon dioxide was varied and the distribution of radioactivity determined in the light. At low concentrations of carbon dioxide much of the radioactivity appeared in glycollate or derivatives thereform. By contrast, at higher concentrations of carbon dioxide, most of the radioactivity appeared in sucrose. If the concentration of oxygen was increased above that normally present in air, there was relatively more activity in glycollate. The effect of the addition of isoniazid in these conditions was also investigated. It was concluded that glucose fed to Chlorella exogenously is metabolised in the light in Chlorella via sugar phosphate intermediates of the Calvin cycle.

Culturally Compatible Usability Work

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 40-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Netta Iivari
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Quality Characteristic ◽  
Software Products ◽  
Development Organizations ◽  
Development Context ◽  
Important Quality ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Culturally Compatible

This paper analyzes how organizational culture is intertwined with usability work in software (SW) development organizations. Usability is an important quality characteristic of software products and systems. However, the development of usability is challenging in SW development. Organizational culture has been argued to affect usability work in SW development organizations, thus, this paper takes a culture-oriented approach in the analysis of usability work in two SW development organizations operating in the product development context. First, based on a literature review, a definition of usability work is offered. An interpretive view of organizational culture, acknowledging its recent critique, is then introduced and utilized in the empirical analysis. The empirical results suggest that differences exists in how usability work is modified and interpreted in the organizations with divergent cultural contexts, those advocating different motives and practices for usability work. Finally, the importance of understanding the cultural context into which usability work is introduced is emphasized, and it is argued that culturally compatible strategies to usability work should be adopted.

Thymidine incorporation into Rhizobium meliloti

1979 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 675-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Behki ◽  
S. M. Lesley
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Thymidine Incorporation ◽  
Rhizobium Meliloti ◽  
Aminoisobutyric Acid ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
High Concentrations

Thymidine is rapidly catabolized to thymine, β-aminoisobutyric acid, and carbon dioxide by Rhizobium meliloti cells. The incorporation of labelled thymidine into the DNA of R. meliloti cells can be enhanced by the addition of low concentrations (10–20β μg/mL) of deoxyadenosine or other nucleosides (adenosine, uridine, guanosine). However, at high concentrations (>50 μg/mL) these compounds inhibit thymidine incorporation. Conditions to obtain highly radioactive DNA of Rhizobium are described.

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