scholarly journals Soil-applied ZnEDTA: Vegetative Growth, Nut Production, and Nutrient Acquisition of Immature Pecan Trees Grown in an Alkaline, Calcareous Soil

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Walworth ◽  
Scott A. White ◽  
Mary J. Comeau ◽  
Richard J. Heerema
Keyword(s):  
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Carya Illinoinensis ◽  
Additional Benefit ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
The Third ◽  
Nut Production ◽  
Root Tissues

A field study was conducted to evaluate efficacy of soil-applied zinc (Zn) fertilizer on young pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] trees growing in alkaline, calcareous soils. Chelated Zn ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (ZnEDTA) was applied at rates of 0, 2.2, or 4.4 kg·ha−1 of Zn via injection into irrigation water (fertigation) in microsprinkler irrigated ‘Western’ and ‘Wichita’ trees. Over the 5-year duration of the study, leaf Zn levels were increased from 22 to 35 µg·g−1 in the highest rate of ZnEDTA treatment compared with 7 to 14 µg·g−1 in unfertilized trees. Zn concentrations in shoot and root tissues were also elevated in Zn-treated trees. Zn treatments largely eliminated visible Zn deficiency symptoms, and increased trunk diameter growth compared with untreated trees. Nut yield (in the third through fifth seasons) were also increased as a result of Zn fertilization. No additional benefit in terms of trunk diameter growth or nut yield was observed by adding a higher rate of Zn (4.4 kg·ha−1) vs. the lower rate (2.2 kg·ha−1). ‘Western’ and ‘Wichita’ trees responded similarly to Zn fertigation.

scholarly journals Influence of Aldicarb on Growth and Fruiting of Pecan Transplants

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 556-559
Author(s):  
M. Lenny Wells
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Carya Illinoinensis ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
The Third ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Nut Production ◽  
Nursery Trees ◽  
Cape Fear ◽  
Bare Root ◽  
Total Dry Weight

This study was established to assess the effect of aldicarb on newly transplanted pecan (Carya illinoinensis) nursery trees. Although labeled for use on pecans for more than 25 years, the aldicarb label for pecans was voluntarily dropped by the manufacturer in 2010. Bare-root seedling, ‘Cape Fear’, ‘Sumner’, and ‘Elliott’ trees were planted in Feb. 2007. Ten trees each were treated with one of the following treatments: aldicarb (0.25 lb at budbreak), aldicarb (0.25 lb applied at budbreak and again in June for a total of 0.5 lb/tree), and a nontreated control. Aldicarb increased shoot length, trunk diameter, leaf chlorophyll index, total dry weight, stem dry weight, and root dry weight of pecan seedlings after 1 year's growth. Aldicarb increased trunk diameter of ‘Cape Fear’, ‘Sumner’, and ‘Elliott’ during the course of the study. Nut production of ‘Cape Fear’ was enhanced in the third year of production. These observations indicate that aldicarb is of value in pecan orchard establishment.

scholarly journals Comparison of ZnO and ZnSO4 for Correcting Severe Foliar Zinc Deficiency in Pecan

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce W. Wood ◽  
Jerry A. Payne
Keyword(s):  
Soil Surface ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Carya Illinoinensis ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Surface Zone ◽  
Alkaline Soil ◽  
Heavy Soil ◽  
Kernel Quality ◽  
Nut Production

Ground applications of ZnO to large mature pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] trees in orchards possessing an acidic soil, but with a culturally induced slightly alkaline soil surface zone, were at least as effective as was ZnSO4 for rapidly correcting severe foliar Zn deficiency, improving in-shell nut production, and maintaining kernel quality. Under such soil conditions, light disking of Zn applied at 160 kg·ha-1 from ZnO elevated foliar Zn above the sufficiency level by the second growing season after application; whereas an absence of disking delayed substantial uptake from ZnO until the fourth growing season. ZnO, usually a lower priced Zn source, was as effective as was ZnSO4 for correcting Zn deficiencies via broadcast ground application; however, same season correction of Zn deficiency was best accomplished by the standard practice of using foliar sprays of ZnSO4 rather than by heavy soil applications of either Zn source.

scholarly journals Provenance Variation in Pecan

1998 ◽  
Vol 123 (6) ◽  
pp. 1023-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce W. Wood ◽  
Larry. J. Grauke ◽  
Jerry A. Payne
Keyword(s):  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Carya Illinoinensis ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Northern Mexico ◽  
Branch Angle ◽  
Vegetative Traits ◽  
High Level

An assessment of vegetative traits of pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] from a range-wide provenance collection indicated the existence of at least two distinct populations within the native range (i.e., provenances north of Texas vs. provenances in Texas and Mexico). Southern most provenances generally broke bud earlier, retained foliage later in the fall, grew larger in height and trunk diameter, had narrower leaflet droop angles, had greater leaflet tilt angles, wider limb angles, greater Zn deficiency, less black pecan aphid susceptibility, and less red coloration to foliage than did northern most provenances. Trees originating from Jaumaua, in northern Mexico, were especially noteworthy insomuch that they were by far the tallest, possessed the largest trunk diameters, the longest foliation period, and lowest Zn deficiency ratings of all provenances. One family within this Jaumaua population also exhibited a high level of cold hardiness. Family heritability (hf2) estimates were ≥0.48 for trunk cross sectional area, date of budbreak, leaf redness, cold injury, leaflet droop angle, and leaflet tilt angle, and ≤0.39 for late season leaf fall, black pecan aphid susceptibility, zinc deficiency, and branch angle.

Iron Deficiency Chlorosis and Seed Yield in Dry Edible Beans Grown on High-pH Calcareous Soils

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 444f-445
Author(s):  
J.W. Gonzales ◽  
D.P. Coyne ◽  
W.W. Stroup
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Iron Deficiency Chlorosis ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
High Ph ◽  
The Third ◽  
Content Index

Iron deficiency chlorosis (FeDC) can cause significant seed yield reduction in dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) grown on high-pH calcareous soils. To determine the effects of FeDC on seed yield, and the effect of Fe-spray as a correction factor for FeDC, 22 breeding lines/cultivars were planted on high-pH (8.0), calcareous (3.2–3.5 calcium carbonate equivalent), and low-Fe (1.8–4.2 ppm DTPA) sandy clay loam Tripp soils at Mitchell and Scottsbluff in western Nebraska. A split-plot design was used with Fe treatments as main plots and breeding lines/cultivars as subplots. Three foliar sprays of Fe-EDDHA (2.4 kg·ha–1) were applied at V4, R5, and R7 dry bean growth stages, during 1996 and 1997. Leaf chlorosis was measured simultaneously by using a Minolta Chroma-meter (CIE L* a* b* color space system), a Minolta Chlorophyll-meter (chlorophyll content index), and by visual ratings (1 = normal green to 5 = severe chlorosis). In 1996 no significant Fe-spray × line interaction (P = 0.776) and Fe-spray effect (P = 0.884) on seed yield was observed. Breeding lines showed significant differences in seed yield (P = 0.0001) with WM2-96-5 being the highest-yielding line (4047 kg·ha–1). In 1997 a significant Fe spray × line interaction (P = 0.029) was observed. The cultivar Chase without Fe spray (3375 kg·ha–1), and lines WM2-96-5 (3281 kg·ha–1), WM2-96-8 (3171 kg·ha–1) with Fe spray were the highest yielding entries under those treatments. Differences in visual ratings after the third Fe spray in 1997 were significant (P = 0.004) for Fe spray × line interaction. In 1996 visual ratings were different only for breeding lines. Chlorophyll content index showed a significant Fe spray × line interaction after the second Fe spray (P = 0.022) and after the third Fe spray (P = 0.0003) in 1997.

scholarly journals BROWN HEART IN RUTABAGAS GROWN ON SOUTHERN ONTARIO SOILS

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. G. BEAUCHAMP ◽  
I. HUSSAIN
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Clear Relationship ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
The Third ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
Fourth Experiment ◽  
Root Tissues ◽  
Heart Condition

Brown heart sometimes occurs in rutabagas (Brassica napobrassica Mill.) grown on some southern Ontario soils even though a recommended quantity of B fertilizer has been applied. Fourteen field experiments were conducted on growers' fields over a 4-yr period to determine the cause of this phenomenon. Brown heart occurred when the hot-water-soluble B content of the soil decreased below approximately 1.3 ppm although there were a few exceptions. An application of 4.5 kg B/ha as borax did not completely overcome the brown-heart condition in a majority of the experiments. The B concentration in the third or fourth leaf from the centre of the whorl was not related to brown-heart incidence. However, it was found that a B concentration of less than 18 ppm in the roots was generally associated with brown-heart incidence. Although there was no clear relationship between the Ca/B ratio in the leaf blades and brown-heart incidence, there was an increase in brown-heart incidence as the Ca/B ratio in the roots increased above 170. In three experiments, an application of 224 kg Na/ha as NaCl significantly increased brown-heart incidence, whereas in a fourth experiment there was a significant decrease. There was some evidence that the Na may slightly decrease the B concentration. Also the Ca concentration increased as the Na concentration increased in rutabaga tissues thereby affecting the Ca/B ratio and possibly brown-heart incidence. There was also evidence that, in the root tissues, the Ca/B ratio was inversely related to the K concentration. It was concluded that the effectiveness of B in decreasing brown-heart incidence was related to the Ca concentration in rutabaga plants.

Control of Zn, Cu and Mn activities in alkaline and calcareous soils equilibrated with EDTA

1982 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ion ◽  
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽  
Ph Dependence ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Transition Metal Ions ◽  
Ion Activities ◽  
Solid Phases ◽  
Equilibrium Mole Fraction ◽  
Edta Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid

SUMMARYThe modified EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) method of determining the ionic activities in soils developed by Norvell was used to measure Zn2+, Cu2+ and Mn2+ activities including the competition of Ca and Mg for the chelating ligand EDTA. In the Zn-EDTA system, the equilibrium mole fraction of CaL2− + MgL2− increased with an increase in pH of the soil solution, thereby leading to a decrease in the concentration of transition metal ions. In view of the pH dependence of the metal ion activities, the values of the expression pM + 2 pOH (where M may be Zn, Cu or Mn) were used to discuss the possible role of various oxides, hydroxides, carbonates, sulphides and unknown solid phases in regulating the activities of Zn2+, Cu2+ and Mn2+ ions in alkaline and calcareous soils.

scholarly journals Effect of Cyclic Irrigation on Growth of Magnolias Produced Using Five In-ground Systems

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 148-152
Author(s):  
R. C. Beeson ◽  
K. Keller
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Similar Rate ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Irrigation Event ◽  
The Other ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Magnolia Grandiflora ◽  
Ground Systems

Abstract Five in-ground systems were evaluated based on shoot growth and marketability for the production of 2.17 m (7 ft) tall and 5.08 cm (2 in) trunk diameter Magnolia grandiflora cv. ‘Symmes Select’. Systems evaluated were Root Control Bags, Geo-Cell bags, and #25 containers in pot-in-pot in Experiment 1, and Agro-liners in socket pots and directly in-ground in Experiment 2. Each system was either cyclically irrigated or given a single irrigation event daily. In Experiment 1, cyclic irrigation increased the rate of height growth and trunk diameter compared to a single irrigation. Trees in Root Control Bags and pot-in-pot grew at a similar rate and faster than those in Geo-Cell bags. Faster growth rates with cyclic irrigation resulted in earlier marketability compared to single irrigation daily, except for pot-in-pot. In Experiment 2, cyclic irrigation increased the rate of trunk diameter growth, and Agro-liners in pots had greater height and trunk diameter growth rates than those directly in ground. Trees grown in the in-ground pot systems, whether in Agro-liners or black polyethylene containers, grew similarly to trees in Root Control Bags. Trees grown in Geo-cells or Agro-liners in-ground had significantly slower growth than the other treatments.

scholarly journals Growth of Three Shade Tree Genera as Influenced by Irrigation and Nitrogen Rates

1983 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-6
Author(s):  
R.D. Wright ◽  
E.B. Hale
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
First Year ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
The Third ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Nitrogen Rates

The influence of N rates and irrigation on shoot growth and trunk diameter were evaluated for red maple (Acer rubrum, L. ‘October Glory’), pin oak (Quercus palustris Muenchh) and dogwood (Cornus florida L. ‘Barton’). Irrigation increased shoot growth and trunk diameter for all 3 species during the first 2 growing seasons. Tree height and trunk diameter at the end of the third growing season were also greater for irrigated trees. Increasing the N levels from 168 to 329 Kg N/ha (150 to 300 lb N/A) resulted in a decrease in trunk diameter the first year and a decrease in shoot growth the second year in ‘October Glory’ maple. No significant differences in oak growth due to N rate were observed. Shoot growth and trunk diameter for dogwood were greater at 329 kg N/ha (300 lb N/A) than at 168 kg N/ha (150 lb N/A) only the first year. Neither height or trunk diameter at end of the third year were significantly increased from applying the higher level of N for any of the genera.

scholarly journals Iron- and Zinc-Fortified Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) Demonstrate Enhanced and Stable Iron Bioavailability After Storage

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajib Podder ◽  
Raymond P. Glahn ◽  
Albert Vandenberg
Keyword(s):  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽  
Iron Bioavailability ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
And Zn Deficiency ◽  
Populations At Risk ◽  
Zn Content ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Protein Rich

Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) is a quick-cooking, rapidly expanding protein-rich crop with high iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn), but low bioavailability due to the presence of phytate, similar to other grains. Lentils dual fortified with Fe and Zn can significantly improve the bioavailable Fe and Zn content. Three milled lentil product types (LPTs) were fortified with Fe using NaFeEDTA [ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid iron (III) sodium salt] (Fe fortified) or Zn from ZnSO4·H2O (Zn fortified), or both (dual fortified). Fe, Zn, phytic acid (PA) concentration, and relative Fe bioavailability (RFeB%) were assessed for samples from two fortified batches (initial and for 1 year stored). Fe, Zn, and RFeB% increased significantly in two batches of samples from the three LPTs, and decreased by 5–15% after 1 year of storage. PA concentration decreased from 8 to 15% after fortification of all samples from two batches of the three LPTs but showed different patterns of influence after storage. Dual-fortified lentil fortified with 24 mg Fe and 12 mg Zn 100 g−1 lentil had the highest amount of Fe and Zn, and the lowest PA concentration, and RFeB% was increased from 91.3 to 519.5%. Significant (p ≤ 0.01) Pearson correlations were observed between Fe concentration vs. PA:Fe molar ratio (MR), Fe concentration vs. RFeB%, RFeB% vs. PA:Fe MR, and Zn concentration vs. PA:Zn MR in all samples from two batches of the three LPTs. In conclusion, dual-fortified lentil can contribute significant bioavailable Fe and Zn to populations at risk of Fe and Zn deficiency.

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