scholarly journals The Slide Hammer Seeder: A Novel Tool for Planting Small Seeds

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 764-775
Author(s):  
Eric B. Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Seed Length ◽  
Amaranthus Tricolor ◽  
Mentha Spicata ◽  
Alternative Materials ◽  
Allium Schoenoprasum ◽  
Lobularia Maritima ◽  
Thymus Serpyllum

Many important herbs [e.g., mint (Mentha sp.), thyme (Thymus sp.)], underused and nutritious vegetables [e.g., purslane (Portulaca oleracea), amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor)], and important biological control plants [e.g., sweet alyssum (Lobularia maritima)] have small seeds (≤ 1.5-mm long) that are difficult to plant with raw (i.e., nonpelleted) seed using existing seeders. A novel tool known as the slide hammer (SH) seeder was developed for the precise seeding of raw seeds of small-seeded plants. The SH seeder is a jab-type planter made primarily from electrical conduit tubing and other materials that are inexpensive and readily available in a hardware store or on the Internet. The interchangeable seed hopper is made from a plastic snap cap vial that has one or more holes of varying diameter depending on the desired seeding rate and seed size. Seed forms a “bridge” above the hole in the vial until they are dislodged from the force of the SH that discharges seeds to fall to the soil. Detailed plans are provided for how to make and use the SH seeder. The fabrication time is 2 to 4 hours with a material cost of ≈$32. I determined the seed vial hole specifications for the precise seeding of a variety of small-seeded plants, including chives (Allium schoenoprasum), chinese chives (Allium tuberosum), basil (Ocimum basilicum), grain amaranth (Amaranthus sp.), sweet alyssum, purslane, creeping thyme (Thymus serpyllum), and spearmint (Mentha spicata) that ranged in size from ≈200 to 11,000 seeds per gram. The diameter of the hole that was suitable for discharging the seed from the vial was always larger than the average seed length, and the ratio of hole diameter to seed length ranged from 1.07 to 1.62. Seeding rate uniformity evaluations were conducted for these species using vials with one vs. two holes and showed that the seeding rate was higher by an average of 58% to 173% from a vial with two holes compared with one hole. For most plant species evaluated, the SH seeder was able to dispense as few as one to three seeds consistently. Seed discharge increased somewhat with increasing SH weight for all species evaluated. The SH seeder can be useful for interplanting sweet alyssum as an insectary plant for aphid (Aphidoidea) control between existing plants of organic lettuce (Lactuca sativa), and for intercropping cultivars of purslane as a novel vegetable in between transplanted organic broccoli (Brassica oleracea Italica group) plants. This novel seeding tool has many potential uses for direct, hand seeding in vegetable and herb production systems and in weed research trials. The seeder could be automated and made with a variety of alternative materials.

scholarly journals Análises parasitológicas de hortaliças comercializadas na feira livre do Ver-o-Peso, Belém – PA

2020 ◽  
pp. e2135
Author(s):  
Amanda Brito Nascimento ◽  
Suzana Ribeiro De Melo Oliveira ◽  
Elem Cristina Rodrigues Chaves ◽  
Sergio Beltrão De Andrade Lima ◽  
Tinara Leila De Souza Aarão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Coriandrum Sativum ◽  
Petroselinum Crispum ◽  
Mentha Spicata ◽  
Cichorium Endivia ◽  
Allium Schoenoprasum

Objetivo: Avaliar a ocorrência de diferentes formas parasitárias em amostras de Lactuca sativa, Brassica oleracea, Coriandrum sativum, Petroselinum crispum, Allium schoenoprasum, Ocimum basilicum, Ocimum pilosum, Cichorium endivia e Mentha spicata provenientes do mercado Ver-o-Peso. Métodos: Estudo transversal, descritivo e quantitativo. Foram coletadas 5 amostras de cada hortaliça, sendo processadas pelos métodos de sedimentação espontânea e centrifugação, seguida de análise e identificação de parasitas. Resultados: Todas as amostras estavam contaminadas por parasitas. A hortaliça Lactuca sativa apresentou a maior frequência, entre os helmintos (82,24%), os ovos de Ancylostoma sp e Ascaris sp., destacaram-se em ambos os métodos, entretanto, nos protozoários (60,05%), o Balantidium sp (cistos) foi predominante no método de Hoffman e, no de Ritchie, foram os cistos de Entamoeba sp e Larvas de Nematodos. Comparando a detecção entre métodos, não houve diferença significativa, entretanto, ressalta importância das duas metodologias concomitantes para detecção de parasitas. Conclusão: A presença de parasitas em hortaliças significa risco na sua transmissão, além de criar um alerta quanto à provável subnotificação de parasitoses intestinais. A conscientização da correta higienização de alimentos é fundamental para redução das parasitoses, devendo ser acompanhada da efetiva atuação da vigilância sanitária nas feiras livres.

Effects of cereal rye seeding rate on waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) emergence and soybean growth and yield

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Mandy Bish ◽  
Brian Dintelmann ◽  
Eric Oseland ◽  
Jacob Vaughn ◽  
Kevin Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Cereal Rye ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Growing Seasons

Abstract The evolution of herbicide-resistant weeds has resulted in the necessity to integrate non-chemical control methods with chemicals for effective management in crop production systems. In soybean, control of the pigweed species, particularly herbicide-resistant waterhemp and Palmer amaranth, have become predominant concerns. Cereal rye planted as a winter cover crop can effectively suppress early-season weed emergence in soybean, including waterhemp, when planted at a rate of 123 kg ha−1. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of different cereal rye seeding rates (0, 34, 56, 79, 110, and 123 kg ha−1) on early-season waterhemp suppression and soybean growth and yield. Soybean was planted into fall-seeded cereal rye, which was terminated within four days of soybean planting. The experiment was conducted over the 2018, 2019, and 2020 growing seasons in Columbia, Missouri. Effects of cereal rye on early-season waterhemp suppression varied by year and were most consistent at 56 kg ha−1 or higher seeding rates. Linear regression analysis of cereal rye biomass, height, or stand at soybean planting showed inverse relationships with waterhemp emergence. No adverse effects to soybean growth or yield were observed at any of the cereal rye seeding rates relative to plots that lacked cereal rye cover. Result differences among the years suggest that the successfulness of cereal rye on suppression of early-season waterhemp emergence is likely influenced by the amount of waterhemp seed present in the soil seed bank.

Optimal seeding rate for organic production of lentil in the northern Great Plains

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 1089-1097 ◽  
Author(s):  
J M Baird ◽  
S J Shirtliffe ◽  
F L Walley
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Economic Return ◽  
Conventional Production

Organic lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) producers must rely upon the recommended rate for conventional production of 130 plants m-2, but this seeding rate may not be suitable, as organic and conventional production systems differ in management and inputs. The objective of this study was to determine an optimal seeding rate for organic production of lentil considering a number of factors, including yield, weed suppression, soil nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations, plant uptake of phosphorus, and economic return. A field experiment was conducted for 4 site-years at locations near Saskatoon, SK. Treatments included seeding rates of 15, 38, 94, 235 and 375 seeds m-2. Seed yield increased with increasing seeding rate up to 1290 kg ha-1. Weed biomass was reduced by 59% at the highest seeding rate as compared with the lowest seeding rate. Post-harvest soil phosphorus and nitrogen levels were similar between seeding rate treatments. Economic return was maximized at $952 ha-1 at the highest density of 229 plants m-2, achieved with a seeding rate of 375 seeds m-2. Organic farmers should increase the seeding rate of lentil to achieve a plant density of 229 plants m-2 to increase profitability and provide better weed suppression.Key words: Lentil, organic, seeding rate, weed suppression, economic return

scholarly journals Les micro-exploitations agricoles de plantes aromatiques et médicinales : élément marquant de l’agriculture urbaine à Ziguinchor, Sénégal

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 25004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurice Dasylva ◽  
Ngor Ndour ◽  
Bienvenu Sambou ◽  
Christophe Toussaint Soulard
Keyword(s):  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Mentha Spicata ◽  
Sécurité Alimentaire ◽  
Mentha X Piperita ◽  
Plantes Aromatiques Et Médicinales

L’agriculture urbaine est une activité reconnue pour sa multifonctionnalité. En Afrique, elle peut contribuer à la sécurité alimentaire et à la réduction de la pauvreté. Souvent associée au maraîchage, et de plus en plus, à l’élevage urbain, la production de plantes aromatiques et médicinales est une forme d’agriculture urbaine peu étudiée. Elle est présente à Ziguinchor, au Sénégal, où a été menée l’étude. L’objectif de cet article est de caractériser cette agriculture et d’apprécier ses fonctions environnementales et socioéconomiques. La méthode combine une cartographie des sites agricoles et une enquête auprès de 70 producteurs. Les résultats montrent qu’il s’agit de micro-exploitations qui se développent dans les interstices urbains. La tenure foncière est dominée par l’emprunt gratuit à des propriétaires qui peuvent reprendre leurs terres à tout moment. Les espèces cultivées sontMentha spicataL., Mentha X piperitaL. etOcimum basilicumL. La culture de ces plantes est l’œuvre des femmes qui en tirent des revenus significatifs. Ces revenus sont destinés à l’achat de denrées alimentaires et à la scolarisation des enfants. En plus de réduire les situations de pauvreté, ces micro-exploitations contribuent à l’assainissement de la ville, car la fertilisation provient des ordures ménagères organiques et de la fumure animale. Les menthes recèlent d’autres vertus, notamment médicinales, peu connues des producteurs. Malgré ces atouts, cette activité est limitée dans son développement alors que des solutions d’amélioration technique et de valorisation commerciale seraient possibles.

scholarly journals Producing Horticultural Crops Using Hydroponic Tobacco Transplant Systems

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 392-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan M. Frantz ◽  
Gregory E. Welbaum
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Water Spinach ◽  
Amaranthus Tricolor ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Chinese Water ◽  
Hydroponic Systems

Intensive, deep-batch, hydroponic systems that use float beds (FBs) are used extensively by the tobacco industry to produce transplants. FBs and a modified FB system with separate drying and flooding stages called ebb-and-flood (EF) beds were used to grow 12 diverse horticultural crops to maturity. Beds were filled with 570 L of water with 114 mg·L−1 N and 143 mg·L−1 K or 66 mg·L−1 N and 83 mg·L−1 K in 1994 and 1995, respectively. The EF beds were flooded for 6 hours, then drained for a 6-hour dry stage each 12 hours in 1994, and flooded for 1 hour and dried for 5 hours each 6-hour period in 1995 from May through August. Although both systems were suitable for producing Chinese water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forssk.—see footnote in Table 1), vegetable amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor L.), zinnia (Zinnia elegans Jacq.), and sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), the EF system provided greater control over water availability and higher oxygen concentration in the root zone.

scholarly journals Feasibility of Direct Seeding for Stand Establishment of Field-grown Basil

HortScience ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 1002-1005
Author(s):  
Brian A. Kahn ◽  
Niels O. Maness ◽  
Donna R. Chrz ◽  
Lynda K. Carrier
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Shallow Depth ◽  
Viable Alternative ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Stand Establishment ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
The Common

Six experiments were conducted on ‘Genovese’ basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) in Oklahoma to study the feasibility of establishing basil in the field by direct seeding. Variables examined included use of raw seed or pelleted seed, seeding depth, seeding rate, and comparison with transplanting. Direct seeding was done using a hand-pushed planter (first four experiments), a tractor-drawn planter (fifth experiment), or both types of planter (sixth experiment). Plants were destructively harvested by machine. Stands were established successfully using transplants or using raw or pelleted seed with a hand-pushed planter. Planting at a depth of ≈10 mm resulted in lower yields than planting at a depth where seeds barely were covered with soil (≈5 mm). Seeding rates of ≈80 seeds/m led to higher final stands and higher yields than those obtained with seeding rates of ≈30 seeds/m. These studies were not designed to test effects of plant population on basil yield, but data suggest that final stands above the common recommendation of one plant per 30.5 cm in rows spaced 90 cm apart may result in yield increases. Plots direct-seeded with the tractor-drawn planter failed to establish in the fifth experiment. Plants established using pelleted seed with the hand-pushed planter did not differ from plants established by transplanting in cumulative yields in the sixth experiment, even though the transplanting treatment allowed one additional harvest. The lowest cumulative yields in the sixth experiment came from plants established using pelleted seed with the tractor-drawn planter. Thus, direct seeding of basil was successful only with a hand-pushed planter. While direct seeding is a potentially viable alternative to transplanting for basil stand establishment, there is a need to identify a tractor-drawn seeder that can plant basil at the required shallow depth. In the interim, large-scale producers of basil should continue to use transplants to obtain reliable stand establishment.

Growth and development of herbaceous plants in aquaponic systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azucena Espinosa-Moya ◽  
Alfonso Alvarez-Gonzalez ◽  
Pedro Albertos-Alpuche ◽  
Rafael Guzman-Mendoza ◽  
Rosario Martínez-Yáñez
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Herbaceous Plants ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Mentha Spicata ◽  
Fish Waste ◽  
Production Water ◽  
Biological Filters

Aquaponics integrates aquaculture and hydroponic production using fish waste as nutrients for various vegetable crops. Herbaceous plants such as basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) and spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) are in great demand due to their properties; however, there is very little information about their behavior in aquaponics. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth and development of these species under aquaponic conditions. According to the results, the evaluated herbaceous plants suit crop conditionsand they can be used as part of the biological filters in aquaponic systems with tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L. var. Stirling) production. Water quality could be maintained within appropriate ranges for both fish and plant production. Spearmint was the plant where the highest productivity was observed, suggesting that it assimilates the nutrients produced in this type of system more efficiently.

scholarly journals Organic Oat Response to Variety, Seeding Rate, and Nutrient Source and Rate

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1418
Author(s):  
Melissa L. Wilson ◽  
Emily E. Evans ◽  
Lee Klossner ◽  
Paulo H. Pagliari
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Residual Soil ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Population Number ◽  
Application Rates

Oat (Avena sativa L.) is an important crop for organic production systems in the upper Midwest, but limited information on optimal nutrient management and seeding rates is available. Oat varieties representing three maturity groups were evaluated during 2015 and 2016 in Lamberton, Minnesota on organically certified ground previously planted to alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Two oat seeding rates (110 and 145 kg ha−1), two nutrient sources (raw and composted beef manure), and four N application rates (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg ha−1) were studied. Plant population; number of tillers; grain yield; grain nutrient removal (primary and secondary macronutrients); and post-harvest soil nitrate, Bray P-1, and K in the top 0 to 15 cm layer were measured. Grain yield was 4.8, 4.0, and 3.8 kg ha−1 for late maturing Deon, early maturing Tack/Saber, and medium maturing Shelby, respectively. Yield was optimized at a nutrient application rate of 82.3 kg N ha−1 and decreased at higher rates. Grain N content was not related to yield, suggesting that the other nutrients in manure and compost may have been responsible for optimizing yield. High application rates resulted in increased residual soil test P and K levels, which could become problematic if not managed appropriately.

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