scholarly journals Spacial distribution of fertigated coffee root system

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Rossi Vicente ◽  
Everardo Chartuni Mantovani ◽  
André Luís Teixeira Fernandes ◽  
Júlio César Lima Neves ◽  
Edmilson Marques Figueredo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Root Density ◽  
Coffee Plant ◽  
Coffee Plants ◽  
Plant Root System ◽  
Different Levels

ABSTRACT The development of coffee plant root system changes when subjected to drip irrigation and fertigation. This work aimed to evaluate the effects of different levels of fertigation on the development of coffee root system by drip irrigation in western Bahia. The experiment was carried out with Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144 coffee plants, of about 3.5 years of age, in the “Café do Rio Branco” farm, located in Barreiras - BA, and consisted of a complete randomized blocks design with 3 replicates. Treatments consisted of three levels of nitrogen and potassium fertilization (900/800, 600/500 and 300/250 kg ha-1 year-1 N and K2O), weekly distributed, by means of fertigation, throughout the process. After the fourth harvest, coffee root system was evaluated, and root length density (RLD) and root density (RD) were determined at different sampled layers. The highest root concentration, root length density (RLD), and root density (RD) were observed in the superficial layers of soil (0-20 cm), and under the dripline (30 and 70 cm from the orthotropic branch). Results showed that the lower the N and K2O levels, the higher was the development (RLD and RD) of the coffee root system.

scholarly journals Growth and nutrient concentration in coffee root system under weed species competition

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 679-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.P. Ronchi ◽  
A.A. Terra ◽  
A.A. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Bidens Pilosa ◽  
Free Treatment ◽  
Coffee Plants ◽  
Plant Root System

The effects of competition of six weed species on growth, nutrient concentration and nutrient content of coffee plant root system under greenhouse conditions were evaluated. Thirty days after coffee seedling transplantation into 12 L pots with soil level area of 6.5 dm². Weeds were transplanted or sowed in these pots, at densities of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 plants per pot. The duration of competition (or weedy periods) from weed transplantation or emergence until plant harvesting, at the weed preflowering stage, were (in days): 77 (Bidens pilosa), 180 (Commelina diffusa), 82 (Leonurus sibiricus), 68 (Nicandra physaloides), 148 (Richardia brasiliensis) and 133 (Sida rhombifolia). Dry matter of coffee plants was linearly reduced with increasing B. pilosa and S. rhombifolia density, with pronounced effect of B. pilosa. C. diffusa was the only weed species whose increasing density in the pots did not diminish crop root dry matter. L. sibiricus, N. physaloides and R. brasiliensis reduced root dry matter of coffee plants by 75, 52 and 47%, respectively, as compared to the weed-free treatment, regardless of weed density. Under competition, even though weed species showed lower macronutrient concentration in the roots (except for P), they accumulated 4.2 (N), 12.3 (P), 4.3 (K), 5.5 (Ca), 7.6 (Mg) and 4.4 (S) times more nutrients in the roots than the coffee plants. Crop and weed nutrient concentration, as well as competition degrees greatly varied depending on both weed species and densities.

A 3D-printed, Arabidopsis Thaliana Root Imaging Platform

Lab on a Chip ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Moussus ◽  
Matthias Meier
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Root System ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Microfluidic Platforms ◽  
External Cues ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Plant Root System ◽  
Analytical Tools

High resolution live imaging promises new insights into the cellular and molecular dynamics of the plant root system in response to external cues. Microfluidic platforms are valuable analytical tools that...

scholarly journals An easily operated apparatus to register the amount of the aqueous solution absorbed by a plant root system

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Czerski
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Root System ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Plant Root System

An easily operated apparatus was constructed (figs. 1,2) allowing to register the amount of the aqueous solution absorbed by a planet root system. The device allows for simultaneous registering of the solution absorption by two plants. The recording of a definite volume of the absorbed solution can be controlled within wide limits. Experiments (figs. 3,4) confirmed the efficiency of the apparatus.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF IRRIGATION ON ROOT DEVELOPMENT OF COFFEE PLANTS

Irriga ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 378-391
Author(s):  
Marcelo Rossi Vicente ◽  
Everardo Chartuni Mantovani ◽  
André Luís Teixeira Fernandes ◽  
Júlio Cesar Lima Neves ◽  
Edmilson Marques Figueredo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Coffee Plants ◽  
Coffea Arabica L

EFFECT OF IRRIGATION ON ROOT DEVELOPMENT OF COFFEE PLANTS     MARCELO ROSSI VICENTE1; EVERARDO CHARTUNI MANTOVANI2; ANDRÉ LUÍS TEIXEIRA FERNANDES3; JÚLIO CÉSAR LIMA NEVES4; EDMILSON MARQUES FIGUEREDO5 E FÁBIO TEIXEIRA DELAZARI6   1 Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais, Campus Salinas, Fazenda Varginha, Rodovia Salinas – Taiobeiras, Km 2, 39560-00, Salinas, Minas Gerais, Brasil, [email protected] 2 Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, 36570.900, Minas Gerais, Brasil, [email protected] 3 Universidade de Uberaba, Av. Nenê Sabino, n° 1801, 38055-500, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brasil, [email protected] 4 Departamento de Solos, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brasil, [email protected] 5 Bahia Farm Show, Av. Ahylon Macedo, n° 919, 97810-035, Barreiras, Bahia, Brasil, [email protected] 6 Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brasil, [email protected]     1 ABSTRACT   Increasing the development and deepening of the root system in coffee crops ensures higher water and nutrient uptakes as a result of improved soil utilization, ultimately leading to greater crop yields and longevity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of irrigation levels on the root system of drip-irrigated coffee plants in western Bahia State (BA), Brazil. The experiment was carried out on Café do Rio Branco farm, located in Barreiras - BA, using adult plants (approximately 3.5 years old) of coffee variety Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144. The experiment was set up as a randomized block design with three treatments corresponding to the irrigation depths of 75, 100 and 150% as determined using Irriplus software. After the fourth harvest, the coffee root system was assessed to determine root length density (RLD) and root weight density (RWD) in different sampled layers. A greater concentration of roots (RLD and RWD) was observed in the surface layer (0-20 cm) and under the lateral line (at 30 and 70 cm from the orthotropic branch). The irrigation depth of 75% provided the highest concentration of roots (RLD and RWD) in the 0-10 cm layer.   Keywords: Drip irrigation, Coffea arabica L, root system.     VICENTE, M.R.; MANTOVANI, E.C.; FERNANDES, A.L.T.; NEVES, J.C.L.; FIGUEREDO, E.M.; DELAZARI, F.T EFEITO DA IRRIGAÇÃO NO DESENVOLVIMENTO RADICULAR DO CAFEEIRO     2 RESUMO   Um maior desenvolvimento e aprofundamento do sistema radicular garante ao cafezal um aumento da absorção de água e nutrientes devido a maior exploração do solo, com isto maior produtividade e longevidade da lavoura. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de diferentes lâminas de irrigação sobre o sistema radicular do cafeeiro irrigado por gotejamento na região Oeste da Bahia. Realizou-se o trabalho na fazenda Café do Rio Branco, localizada em Barreiras - BA em cafeeiros adultos, aproximadamente 3,5 anos de idade, da variedade Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144. O experimento ocorreu no delineamento em blocos casualizados, composto de 3 tratamentos, correspondentes à 75, 100 e 150% da lâmina de irrigação determinada pelo software Irriplus. Após a quarta safra, procedeu-se às avaliações do sistema radicular do cafeeiro, onde foi determinada a densidade de comprimento radicular - DCR e a densidade radicular – DR em diferentes camadas amostradas. Observou-se maior concentração de raízes, DCR e DR, na camada superficial (0-20 cm) e sob a linha lateral (30 e 70 cm de distância do ramo ortotrópico). A lâmina de irrigação correspondente a 75% proporcionou maior concentração de raízes (DCR e DR) na camada de 0 a 10 cm.   Palavras - chaves: Irrigação localizada, Coffea arábica L, sistema radicular

scholarly journals A single ectomycorrhizal plant root system includes a diverse and spatially structured fungal community

Mycorrhiza ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ella Thoen ◽  
Anders B. Aas ◽  
Unni Vik ◽  
Anne K. Brysting ◽  
Inger Skrede ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Plant Root System

scholarly journals Application of a Monopole Antenna Probe with an Optimized Flange Diameter for TDR Soil Moisture Measurement

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 2374
Author(s):  
Jacek Majcher ◽  
Marcin Kafarski ◽  
Andrzej Wilczek ◽  
Aleksandra Woszczyk ◽  
Agnieszka Szypłowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Root System ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
Monopole Antenna ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Growth Monitoring ◽  
Electromagnetic Simulations ◽  
The Time Domain ◽  
Plant Root System

Soil volumetric water content (θ) is a parameter describing one of the most important factors conditioning proper plant growth. Monitoring soil moisture is of particular importance in the rational use of water resources for irrigation, especially during periods of water scarcity. This paper presents a method of measuring soil moisture in the vicinity of the plant root system by means of a probe designed to be mounted on a mobile device used for precise plant irrigation. Due to the specific field conditions of the measurement, the design of the probe was proposed as a monopole antenna. Electromagnetic simulations of the probe were carried out with Ansys HFSS software to optimise its dimensions. Then a prototype of the probe was manufactured to conduct laboratory measurements with the use of a vector network analyser (VNA) working in the 20 kHz to 8 GHz frequency range. The VNA analyser was configured to work in the time-domain reflectometry (TDR) mode. From measurements of the time distance between reflections from the probe’s elements it is possible to calculate the bulk dielectric permittivity of the soil surrounding the probe. Next, based on commonly used soil moisture dielectric calibrations one can determine θ of the soil sample. The paper presents simulation results and laboratory tests of an antenna probe. Due to its tough and durable design, this type of probe gives the possibility of easy application in field conditions, which makes it especially suitable for mechanically demanding measurement systems. As the sensitivity zone is comparatively large, this probe is well-suited to measuring soil moisture in the vicinity of the plant root system.

Special features of drip-sprinkler irrigation technology

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 841-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye. V. Angold ◽  
V. A. Zharkov
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Yielding Capacity ◽  
Irrigation Technology ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Agricultural Plants ◽  
Plant Root System

Irrigation techniques and technology based on principle of regular accumulation of moisture in active layer (surface irrigation, regular sprinkler irrigation) are most common in science and in practice. More progressive is principle of non-stop water supply of plants and soil in conformity to their water consumption. Drip irrigation and impulse sprinkling are based on this principle. The main advantage of drip irrigation is establishment of optimal water and nutritive regime directly in the plant root system. However, such irrigation is not effective enough under conditions of high air temperatures (over 25–35 °С), as growing process of several agricultural plants is known to slow down at 30–35 °С and photosynthesis, consequently, stops, which, in turn, affects plants yielding capacity. Sprinkling irrigation provides improvement of both microclimate in plant's environment and their water regime. Combination of drip and sprinkling irrigation permits the positive characteristics of each individual technology to be united, and to remove a series of disadvantages of their separate use as well as to use drip-sprinkler irrigation technology to create optimal conditions for plant development. Drip-sprinkler irrigation technology facilitates saving of irrigation water through drip irrigation in the main vegetation period and through improvement of microclimate and water regime of agricultural plants with additional sprinkling irrigation within the period of high temperatures and low air humidity that affects the growing process and increases yielding capacity of grown cultures.

Evidence for Internalization of Escherichia coli into the Aerial Parts of Maize via the Root System†

2007 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 471-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
NIRIT BERNSTEIN ◽  
SHLOMO SELA ◽  
RIKY PINTO ◽  
MARINA IOFFE
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Root System ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Monocotyledonous Plant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Plant Root System

Escherichia coli introduced into the hydroponic growing medium of maize plants was detected 48 h later in the shoot. Decapitation of root tips or severing of the plant root system at the root-shoot junction enhanced bacterial internalization. The density of the bacteria in shoots of plants with damaged roots or removed root systems was 27.8 and 23.9 times higher than that in plants with intact roots, respectively. The concentration of viable cells in the hydroponic solution decreased over time from 9.3 × 106 CFU/ml at the time of inoculation to 8.5 × 101 CFU/ml 4 days thereafter. The number of E. coli cells associated with the roots also decreased with time, but a significant decline appeared only at 4 days postinoculation. At the time of sampling for E. coli presence in the shoot, 102 CFU/ml was present in the nutrient solution and 8 × 103 CFU/g was associated with the roots. The present study is the first to demonstrate internalization of E. coli via the root in a monocotyledonous plant.

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