scholarly journals Citrus Fruit Sector Chimeras as a Genetic Resource for Cultivar Improvement

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (5) ◽  
pp. 888-893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim D. Bowman ◽  
Frederick G. Gmitter ◽  
Gloria A. Moore ◽  
Russell L. Rouseff
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Sinensis ◽  
Hplc Analysis ◽  
Genetic Resource ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Fruit Color ◽  
Genetic Mutations ◽  
Pigment Composition ◽  
Albino Plants ◽  
Cultivar Improvement ◽  
Fruit Rind

Citrus fruit with sector chimeras were collected in commercial packinghouses and from the field. Chimeric fruit from eight cultivars of sweet oranges [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck], grapefruit (C. paradisi Macf.), tangelo (C. paradisi × C. reticulate Blanco), and tangors (C. reticulate × c. sinensis) were found at a frequency of 0.009% to 0.271%. Tetraploid plants obtained from one type of sector mutant (termed gigas) and albino plants obtained from another type of sector mutant confirmed that some genetic mutations observed in fruit rind can be recovered in nucellar seedlings. The gigas chimeras were identified as a source of citrus tetraploids. Several types of potentially useful sector mutants with altered rind color were observed, and plants were produced from some mutant sectors by developed seed or culture of aborted ovules. HPLC analysis of rind tissues from sectors of one chimeric fruit revealed substantial quantitative and qualitative differences in pigment composition. Propagation of plants from mutant sectors may yield cultivars with improved fruit color, altered maturation date, and reduced disease or mite susceptibility and may eventually lead to breeding of seedless triploid hybrids.

scholarly journals Hesperidin and SARS-CoV-2: New Light on the Healthy Functions of Citrus Fruit

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Bellavite ◽  
Alberto Donzelli
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Citrus Sinensis ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Citrus Fruits ◽  
Early Proteins ◽  
Main Protease ◽  
The Many

Among the many approaches to COVID-19 prevention, the possible role of diet has so far been somewhat marginal. Nutrition is very rich in substances with a potential beneficial effect on health and some of these could have an antiviral action or in any case be important in modulating the immune system and in defending cells from the oxidative stress associated with infection. This short review draws the attention on some components of Citrus fruits and especially of the orange (Citrus sinensis), well known for its vitamin content, but less for the function of its flavonoids. Among the latter, hesperidin has recently attracted the attention of researchers, because it binds to the key proteins of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Several computational methods, independently applied by different researchers, showed that hesperidin has a low binding energy both with the coronavirus "spike" protein, and with the main protease that transforms the early proteins of the virus (pp1a and ppa1b) into the complex responsible for viral replication. The affinity of hesperidin for these proteins is comparable if not superior to that of common chemical antivirals. The preventive efficacy of vitamin C, at dosage attainable by diet, against viral infections is controversial, but recent reviews suggest that this substance may be useful in case of increased stress on the immune system. Finally, the reasons that suggest undertaking appropriate research on the Citrus fruits addition in the diet, as a complementary prevention and treatment of COVID-19, are discussed.

scholarly journals Ascorbic Acid Content and Transcriptional Profiling of Genes Involved in Its Metabolism during Development of Petals, Leaves, and Fruits of Orange (Citrus sinensis cv. Valencia Late)

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2590
Author(s):  
Enriqueta Alós ◽  
Florencia Rey ◽  
José Vicente Gil ◽  
María Jesús Rodrigo ◽  
Lorenzo Zacarias
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Citrus Sinensis ◽  
Galacturonic Acid ◽  
Transcriptional Profiling ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Cis Acting ◽  
Transcriptional Changes ◽  
Recycling Pathway ◽  
Acid Pathway

Citrus fruit is one of the most important contributors to the ascorbic acid (AsA) intake in humans. Here, we report a comparative analysis of AsA content and transcriptional changes of genes related to its metabolism during development of petals, leaves and fruits of Valencia Late oranges (Citrus sinensis). Petals of close flowers and at anthesis contained the highest concentration of AsA. In fruits, AsA content in the flavedo reached a maximum at color break, whereas the pulp accumulated lower levels and experienced minor fluctuations during development. AsA levels in leaves were similar to those in the flavedo at breaker stage. The transcriptional profiling of AsA biosynthetic, degradation, and recycling genes revealed a complex and specific interplay of the different pathways for each tissue. The D-galacturonic acid pathway appeared to be relevant in petals, whereas in leaves the L-galactose pathway (GGP and GME) also contributed to AsA accumulation. In the flavedo, AsA content was positively correlated with the expression of GGP of the L-galactose pathway and negatively with DHAR1 gene of the recycling pathway. In the pulp, AsA appeared to be mainly controlled by the coordination among the D-galacturonic acid pathway and the MIOX and GalDH genes. Analysis of the promoters of AsA metabolism genes revealed a number of cis-acting elements related to developmental signals, but their functionalities remain to be investigated.

scholarly journals Differential Transcriptomic Regulation in Sweet Orange Fruit (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) Following Dehydration and Rehydration Conditions Leading to Peel Damage

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paco Romero ◽  
Maria Teresa Lafuente ◽  
Fernando Alferez
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Citrus Sinensis ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Cell Wall Modification ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Custom Made

Water stress is the most important environmental agent that contributes to the crop productivity and quality losses globally. In citrus, water stress is the main driver of the fruit peel disorders that impact the quality and market ability. An increasingly present post-harvest peel disorder is non-chilling peel pitting (NCPP). Non-chilling peel pitting is manifested as collapsed areas of flavedo randomly scattered on the fruit and its incidence increases due to abrupt increases in the environmental relative humidity (RH) during post-harvest fruit manipulation. In this study, we have used a custom-made cDNA microarray containing 44k unigenes from Citrus sinensis (L. Osbeck), covering for the first time the whole genome from this species, to study transcriptomic responses of mature citrus fruit to water stress. In the study, the global gene expression profiles of flavedo from Navelate oranges subjected to severe water stress are compared with those fruits subjected to rehydration stress provoked by changes in the RH during post-harvest, which enhances the development of NCPP. The study results show that NCPP is a complex physiological process that shares molecular responses with those from prolonged dehydration in fruit, but the damage associated with NCPP may be explained by unique features of rehydration stress at the molecular level, such as membrane disorganization, cell wall modification, and proteolysis.

scholarly journals 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) Application Influences Citrus Juice Color and Vitamin C Concentration in Postharvest Storage

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 816B-816
Author(s):  
Huating Dou* ◽  
Gary A. Coates
Keyword(s):  
Quality Management ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Grapefruit Juice ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Fruit Color ◽  
Postharvest Quality ◽  
Citrus Juice ◽  
The Third

Influence of 1-MCP application in citrus fruit juice color and vitamin C concentration was determined for `Fallglo' tangerines, `Valencia' oranges, and white `Marsh' grapefruit. MCP was applied at 500 μL·L-1 for `Fallglo', and 1000 μL·L-1 for `Valencia' oranges and `Marsh' grapefruit at 75 °F for 7 hours in a container of 3' × 3' × 3.5' dimension. After three months storage at 40 °F and 93% relative humidity, vitamin C concentration in juice (mg/100 mL) was higher in MCP treated than non-treated `Valencia' oranges (37.1 vs. 30.6) and `Fallglo' tangerines (26.9 vs. 24.0). No difference was found in vitamin C concentration from `Marsh' grapefruit juice either treated (27.9) or non-treated (28.7) with MCP. Forty percent of vitamin C concentration was lost from one month after packing to the third month in storage for white `Marsh' grapefruit. Vitamin C loss was much slower for tangerines in comparison to grapefruit in postharvest. Juice color was not influenced by the MCP application for `Valencia' oranges while Hue and Chroma were improved in treated fruits for `Fallglo' tangerines and `Marsh' grapefruit compared to non-treated fruits. Applying MCP before degreening reduced vitamin C degradation 6 weeks after packing but not at 12 weeks for `Fallglo' tangerines. However, fruit color was improved at 6 and 12 weeks of storage. These results are important for postharvest quality management of citrus fruit and juice.

scholarly journals Fruit Abscission and Leaf Drop in Citrus Cultivars Treated with Metsulfuron-methyl

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 412-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter J. Kender ◽  
Ulrich Hartmond ◽  
Jacqueline K. Burns
Keyword(s):  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Citrus Sinensis ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Fruit Abscission ◽  
Metsulfuron Methyl ◽  
Fruit Drop ◽  
Valencia Orange ◽  
Leaf Drop

Fruit of 11 citrus cultivars were evaluated for their response to the experimental abscission material metsulfuron-methyl at 2 mg·L-1 (ppm) active ingredient as an aid to mechanical or hand harvest. Cultivars evaluated included `Ambersweet', `Glen Navel', `Hamlin', and `Valencia' oranges [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb.], `Robinson' tangerine (Clementine × Orlando, C. reticulata Blanco), `Sunburst' tangerine [`Robinson' × `Osceola', C. reticulata × (C. paradisi Macf. × C. reticulata)], `Murcott' and `Temple' tangor (C. reticulata × C. sinensis), `Orlando' tangelo (C. reticulata × C. paradisi), `Ray Ruby', and `Marsh' grapefruit (C. paradisi). Six of the 11 cultivars were effectively loosened by sprays of metsulfuron-methyl (`Hamlin', `Valencia', `Orlando', `Murcott', `Temple', and `Ray Ruby'). Addition of an adjuvant (Kinetic, 0.125%) was necessary for abscission activity in fruit and leaves. Trees sprayed with metsulfuron-methyl in combination with an adjuvant had higher percent cumulative fruit drop, higher internal ethylene, and lower fruit detachment forces (FDF) than trees sprayed with metsulfuron-methyl alone. `Sunburst' tangerine responded poorly to the abscission material in the presence or absence of Kinetic. Leaf loss was greatest in trees sprayed with metsulfuron-methyl and adjuvant, intermediate in trees sprayed with metsulfuron-methyl alone, and least in control trees. Twig dieback was observed in trees of `Valencia' orange and `Marsh' grapefruit sprayed with metsulfuron-methyl. The peel of some cultivars had irregular coloration and developed pitted areas after harvest. Although metsulfuron-methyl is an effective abscission agent for mature citrus fruit, further work is needed to more accurately define conditions for its safe and dependable use.

HPLC Analysis of Sorbic Acid in Citrus Fruit

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 1629-1629 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. PARK ◽  
D. B. NELSON
Keyword(s):  
Hplc Analysis ◽  
Sorbic Acid ◽  
Citrus Fruit

scholarly journals Postharvest Fumigation of Fresh Citrus with Cylinderized Phosphine to Control Bean Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Spencer S. Walse ◽  
Leonel R. Jimenez
Keyword(s):  
Lower Bound ◽  
Confidence Level ◽  
Citrus Sinensis ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Fresh Fruit ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Mortality Response ◽  
Applied Dose ◽  
Pulp Temperature ◽  
Postharvest Control

Bean thrips (BT), Caliothrips fasciatus (Pergande), is a pest of concern to certain countries that import fresh citrus fruit from California, USA. A series of laboratory-scale exploratory fumigations with phosphine at 4.9 ± 0.3 °C (mean ± 2 SD; x¯±2s) were conducted to evaluate the postharvest control of adult BT. Models of the duration–mortality response predicted ca. 99% mortality of BT populations when headspace concentrations of phosphine, [PH3], are maintained at levels ≥0.4 g m−3 (250 ppmv (µL L−1)) and ≤1.5 g m−3 (1000 ppmv (µL L−1)) for 12 h, with the duration representing the lower bound of the 95% confidence level (CL). Confirmatory fumigations, each lasting 12 h, were then conducted using BT-infested sweet oranges, Citrus sinensis (L.), at pulp temperature (T) ≤ 5 °C to corroborate the exploratory results. Three formulations of cylinderized phosphine were used: 1.6% phosphine by volume in nitrogen, VAPORPH3OS®, and ECOFUME®, all applied at two levels, ca. 1.5 g m−3 (1000 ppmv (µL L−1)), as well as 0.5 g m−3 (300 ppmv (µL L−1)). Collectively, across the formulations, an applied dose of ca. 1.5 g m−3 (1000 ppmv (µL L−1)) resulted in 0 survivors from 38,993 (probit 8.60, 95% CL; probit 9, 72% CL) treated BT, while an applied dose of 0.5 g m−3 (300 ppmv (µL L−1)) resulted in 0 survivors from 31,204 (probit 8.56, 95% CL; probit 9, 70% CL) treated BT. Results were discussed in the context of commercial and operational features of quarantine and pre-shipment (QPS) uses of phosphine to treat fresh fruit and, specifically, the control of BT in fresh citrus exported from California, USA, to Australia.

scholarly journals Exogenous Application of ABA and NAA Alleviates the Delayed Coloring Caused by Puffing Inhibitor in Citrus Fruit

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 308
Author(s):  
Gang Ma ◽  
Lancui Zhang ◽  
Rin Kudaka ◽  
Hayato Inaba ◽  
Takuma Furuya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Fruit Color ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Ripening Process ◽  
Carotenoid Accumulation ◽  
Exogenous Application ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Color Development

Combined spraying of gibberellin (GA) and prohydrojasmon (PDJ) was an effective method to reduce peel puffing in Satsuma mandarins. However, in the GA-and-PDJ combined treatment, fruit color development was delayed during the ripening process. In the present study, to improve the coloration of the GA and PDJ-treated fruit, the effects of exogenous application of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and abscisic acid (ABA) on chlorophyll and carotenoid accumulation were investigated. The results showed that both ABA and NAA treatments accelerated the color changes from green to orange in the GA and PDJ-treated fruit during the ripening process. With the NAA and ABA treatments, chlorophylls contents were decreased rapidly, and the contents of β,β-xanthophylls were significantly enhanced in the GA and PDJ-treated fruit. In addition, gene expression results showed that the changes of the chlorophyll and carotenoid metabolisms in the NAA and ABA treatments were highly regulated at the transcriptional level. The results presented in this study suggested that the application of NAA and ABA could potentially be used for improving the coloration of the GA and PDJ-treated fruit.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document