Economic and Horticultural Evaluation of Chemical and Mechanical Weed Control Strategies for Cowpea

The herbicides paraquat, trifluralin, and metolachlor were compared for efficacy of weed control in cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] with and without cultivation as a supplemental strategy. Herbicides also were compared against a no cultivation-no herbicide treatment (control) and against cultivation without an herbicide. Cultivation had no significant effect on seed yield, biological yield, or harvest index of cowpea. Paraquat, applied before seeding but after emergence of weeds, was ineffective for weed control and usually did not change cowpea yield from that obtained without an herbicide. Trifluralin and metolachlor more than tripled cowpea seed yield compared with that obtained without an herbicide in 1988, when potential weed pressure was 886 g·m-2 (dry weight). The main effects of trifluralin and metolachlor were not significant for cowpea seed yield in 1989, when potential weed pressure was 319 g·m-2 (dry weight). However, in 1989, these two herbicides still increased cowpea seed yield compared with that of the control and increased net farm income by more than $300/ha compared with the income obtained from the control. Chemical names used 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4' -bipyridlnium salts (paraquat); 2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl) benzenamine (trifluralin); 2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6 -methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-l-methylethyl) acetamide (metolachlor).

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COMPARISON OF CHEMICAL AND MECHANICAL WEED CONTROL STRATEGIES FOR COWPEA

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1097f ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 25 (9) ◽

pp. 1097f-1097

Author(s):

Brian A. Kahn ◽

Raymond Joe Schatzer ◽

Wendy A. Nelson

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Harvest Index ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Farm Income ◽

Biological Yield ◽

Cowpea Seed ◽

Mechanical Weed Control ◽

Herbicide Control

The herbicides trifluralin, metolachlor, and paraquat were compared for efficacy of weed control in cowpea with and without cultivation as a supplemental strategy for two years. Herbicides also were compared against a no-herbicide control (with and without cultivation). Cultivation had no significant effect on seed yield, biological yield, or harvest index of cowpea. Paraquat, used in a “stale seedbed” system, was ineffective for weed control and did not change cowpea yield from that of the no-herbicide control. Trifluralin and metolachlor more then tripled cowpea seed yield compared to that of the no-herbicide control in 1988, when potential weed pressure was 886 g m-2 (dry wt.). Trifluralin and metolachlor did not significantly increase cowpea seed yield compared to that of the no-herbicide control in 1989, when potential weed pressure was 319 g m-2 (dry wt.). However, in 1989, these two herbicides each still increased net farm income by $206 per hectare compared to the income obtained without an herbicide.

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Reduced Herbicide Doses Used Together with Allelopathic Sorghum and Sunflower Water Extracts for Weed Control in Wheat

Journal of Plant Protection Research ◽

10.2478/v10045-012-0045-0 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 52 (2) ◽

pp. 281-285 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Abdul Razzaq ◽

Zahid Cheema ◽

Khawar Jabran ◽

Mubshar Hussain ◽

Muhammad Farooq ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Weed Control ◽

Active Substance ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Weed Density ◽

Water Extracts ◽

Maximum Reduction ◽

Spike Number ◽

Biological Yield ◽

Net Benefits

Reduced Herbicide Doses Used Together with Allelopathic Sorghum and Sunflower Water Extracts for Weed Control in WheatWater extracts from allelopathic crops possess the potential to control weeds effectively, especially when used in combination with reduced rates of herbicides. Label doses of different herbicides and their seventy percent reduced doses, were combined with 18 l/ha each of allelopathic sorghum and sunflower water extracts (WE). This combination was sprayed 30 days after sowing (DAS) for weed control in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Maximum reduction in total weed density and dry weight over the control, was recorded in a field sprayed with mesosulfuron + idosulfuron (Atlantis 3.6 WG) at 14.4 g active substance (a.s.)/ha. However, sorghum + sunflower WE each at 18 l/ha combined with doses which had been reduced by 70% of mesosulfuron + idosulfuron (Atlantis 12 EC at 36 g a.s./ha), or metribuzin + phenoxaprop (Bullet 38 SC at 57 g a.s./ha) or mesosulfuron + idosulfuron (Atlantis 3.6 WG at 4.32 g a.s./ha), reduced total weed dry weight by more than 90%, over the control. Sorghum and sunflower water extracts each at 18 l/ha combined with metribuzin + phenoxaprop (Bullet 38 SC at 57 g a.s./ha) produced a maximum number of productive tillers, spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, biological yield and grain yield. Moreover, this treatment was the most economical along with having the maximum net benefits. The results suggested that weeds can be controlled in wheat, for a higher yield, when a 70% reduced herbicide dose is used in combination with allelopathic sorghum and sunflower water extracts.

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EFFECTS OF POULTRY MANURE AND WEED CONTROL METHODS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF SESAME VARIETIES

FUDMA Journal of Sciences ◽

10.33003/fjs-2020-0402-195 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 8-15

Author(s):

O. Danmaigoro ◽

M. I. Zamfara ◽

H. Yakubu ◽

Musa M. Umar

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Weed Control ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Poultry Manure ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Field Trials ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Control Methods ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Sudan Savanna

Field trials were conducted in 2017 and 2018 wet seasons at Federal University Dutse Teaching and Research Farm (Latitude 11 46, 39”N and Longitude 9 20, 30”E) in the Sudan Savanna of Nigeria. To evaluate performance of sesame varieties as affected by poultry manure and weed control methods. The treatments consisted of five weed control treatments (pre-emergence application of ButachlorEC50%, hoe weeding at 3WAS +pre-emergence butachlor EC50%, pre-emergence butachlor EC50%+hoe weeding at 3 and 6WAS, hoe weeding @ 3 and 6WAS and weedy check), three level of poultry manure (5, 10, and 15t/ha) and three sesame varieties (Ben 01, Yandev 55 and Ben 04E. The treatments were laid out in split plot design and replicated three times. The results indicated that weed control methods had significant effect (0.05) on the sesame growth and seed yield comparable to hoe weeding control at 3 and 6WAS where plant height number of leaves, capsule number per plant and seed yield of sesame were significant higher with the application of butachlor plus hoe weeding at 3 and 6WAS compared to others weed control methods. Poultry manure application on sesame as 15t/ha gave taller plant height, more number of leaves, higher sesame dry weight, longer capsule length and seed yield of sesame than the other rates while Ben 01(455 and 1043 ) perform better than the others two varieties (Yandev 498, 756 and Ben4E 522 and 765 ) for 2017 and 2018 seasons. In conclusion,

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The effect of different weed control technologies on yield of maize and profitability of maize production

Review on Agriculture and Rural Development ◽

10.14232/rard.2018.1-2.72-76 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1-2) ◽

pp. 72-76

Author(s):

István Kristó ◽

Gábor Vaczkó ◽

Melinda Tar ◽

Péter Jakab ◽

László Hódi

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Weed Control ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Corn Cob ◽

Maize Production ◽

Control Technologies ◽

One Year ◽

Mechanical Weed Control ◽

Thousand Seed Weight

In our investigation, we used different weed control technologies in the different phenology states of the maize. The farm experiment has been carried out in 2017, in Hungary, Kunágota, on good quality chernozem soil, on 20 x 50 m plots. The experiment can be regarded as 9 weed-control strategies where, in addition to the untreated control, two chemicals are applied (Laudis, Capreno) in different doses, two mechanical weed-control technologies, and two combination of chemicals and mechanical weed-control technologies were used. Mechanical weed-control was connected to the herbicide treatments in different times: until 4-6-leaves age weedless, in 4-6-leaves age hoed once, in 4-6-leaves age cultivation once. In our farm experiment, there were assessed the number of plants, length of plants, leaf number of maize, corncob-number, corncob-length, line number of corncob, thousand seed weight yield and profitability of maize production. Our results were evaluated by a one-factor analysis of variance. Our one-year weed control experiment show that Capreno performed better, than Laudis with respect of plant height, number of leaves, length of corn-cob, number of lines of corn-cob, thousand seed weight and yield. By increasing the dose of Capreno, all the tested values of crop elements degraded except for plant height, so the crop yield also decreased.

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Effects of nitrogen and micronutrients on the growth of safflower under limited water conditions in a high-elevation region

Biologija ◽

10.6001/biologija.v64i3.3829 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 64 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Mostafa Fattahi ◽

Mohsen Janmohammadi ◽

Shahriar Dashti ◽

Mojtaba Nouraein ◽

Naser Sabaghnia

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

Leading Edge ◽

Ground Cover ◽

Dry Weight ◽

High Elevation ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽

Rainfed Condition ◽

Combined Application ◽

Biological Yield ◽

Different Levels

Beneficial nanoparticles are at the leading edge of the rapidly developing field of nanotechnology. Nanotechnology applied to nanofertilizers could play a fundamental role in improving the availability of plant nutrients under unfavourable environmental conditions. To evaluate the effects of different levels of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 75, and 150 kg ha–1) and nanostructured micronutrients (Zn, Fe, Cu) on the seed yield of spring safflower, a study was carried out in the highland region of Baneh, Iran. Specific objectives were to assess the effects of combined application of nano-chelated micronutrients and nitrogen on safflower under rainfed conditions. Assessments of morphological traits revealed that application of nitrogen at the rate of 75 kg ha–1 significantly increased the plant height, canopy spread, stem diameter, and plant dry weight. Also, ground cover, canopy spread, capitulum diameter, and the number of the secondary branches were considerably affected by nano-chelated micronutrients, so the highest values were observed in the plants grown with the application of zinc and copper. Results showed that the effects of interaction of nitrogen and micronutrients were significant for the biological yield, seed number, 1000-seed weight, the percentage of unfilled seeds, and seed yield. A comparison of combined treatments showed that the best performance was recorded for plants grown with the application of N0-Zn, N75-Zn, and N150-Cu. The results of the present experiment agreed with the conclusion that utilization of nitrogen may affect the efficiency of micronutrients. Altogether, the results suggested that the application of intermediate levels of nitrogen fertilizers along with nano-chelated Zn can improve safflower production under rainfed condition.

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The effect of different agrotechnical levels on weed infestation in crops of naked and husked varieties of oat (Avena sativa L.)

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2010.048 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 63 (2) ◽

pp. 207-213

Author(s):

Sylwia Andruszczak ◽

Ewa Kwiecińska-Poppe ◽

Piotr Kraska ◽

Edward Pałys

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Control Object ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Stellaria Media ◽

Polygonum Aviculare ◽

Weed Infestation ◽

Oat Cultivars ◽

The City ◽

Mechanical Weed Control

The present study was carried out in the period 2007- 2009 in the Experimental Farm in Bezek near the city of Chełm. The aim of the investigation was to compare weed infestation of the husked (Krezus) and naked (Cacko) oat cultivars cultivated under conditions of different weed control treatments. The following weed control levels were compared: A - control object; B - harrowing twice; C - application of the herbicide Mustang 306 SE; D - herbicide Mustang 306 SE + foliar fertilizer Insol 3; E - herbicide Mustang 306 SE + two foliar fertilizers: Insol 3 and FoliCare 18:18:18. The husked oat cv. Krezus was more competitive against weeds. Number of dicotyledonous weeds and of monocotyledonous weeds, total weeds, and air-dry weight of above-ground parts of weeds in the crop of this cultivar were all significantly lower compared to the naked cv. Cacko. From the group of dicotyledonous species, Chenopodium album, Galinsoga parviflora, Matricaria maritima ssp. inodora, Polygonum aviculare, and Stellaria media were the dominant species in the crops of the oat varieties under investigation, whereas among the monocotyledonous species Echinochloa crus-galli, Setaria pumila, Apera spica-venti, and Elymus repens occurred in greatest numbers. The application of the herbicide Mustang 306 SE decreased the number of dicotyledonous weeds and air-dry weight of weeds, compared to the treatment in which mechanical weed control had been used.

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Weed control in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) using integrated soil applied herbicides and seed hydro-priming pretreatment

Journal of Agrobiology ◽

10.2478/agro-2013-0001 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Samaneh Vafaei ◽

Jamshid Razmjoo ◽

Hassan Karimmojeni

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Weed Control ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Seedling Establishment ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Seed Priming ◽

Sesamum Indicum ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Control Growth

Abstract This study explores the effects of the pre-emergence herbicides alachlor (1680; 2400 g ha-1) and trifluralin (720; 1200 g ha-1), the post-emergence herbicides bentazone (360; 480 g ha-1) and haloxyfop (250; 375 g ha-1) and their combinations, along with the effect of seed hydro-priming on weed control, growth and yield of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Hydropriming reduced the interval from planting to seedling establishment, increased the seedling dry weight and the crop grain yield. Based on grain yield, 720 g ha-1 trifluralin followed by 250+720 g ha-1 holoxyfob + trifluralin, 250 +1680 g ha-1 holoxyfob + alachlor, 2400 g ha-1 alachlor, and 1680 g ha-1 alachlor, all combined with priming, were the best treatments. The results showed that proper combination of pre- and post-emergence herbicides along with seed priming could be used to control the weeds in the sesame and obtain seed yield comparable with weed-free conditions

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Variability and correlation analysis in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)

Legume Research - An International Journal ◽

10.18805/lr.v0iof.9286 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Mahendra Gurjar ◽

I. S. Naruka ◽

R. P.S. Shaktawat

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Matter Content ◽

Path Coefficient ◽

Flower Initiation ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Path Coefficient Analysis ◽

Biological Yield ◽

Trigonella Foenum Graecum L

Thirty genotypes of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) were evaluated for genetic variability, correlation and path coefficient analysis at College of Horticulture, Mandsaur (Madhya Pradesh) during rabi 2012-13. The highest genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variances were observed for dry weight per plant at flower initiation (g) followed by straw yield per plant. The highest genetic advance was observed for dry matter content per plant (g) followed by number of pods per plant, biological yield per plant (g) and plant height (cm). The highest heritability was observed for protein content (%) followed by number of pods per plant, dry weight per plant at flower initiation (g), and chlorophyll content in leaves. Seed yield per plant showed significant and positive correlation with dry matter content per plant (g), biological yield per plant (g) and 1000 seed weight (g). Path coefficient analysis indicated the highest positive direct effect of biological yield (g) on seed yield per plant (g) followed by dry matter content per plant (g) and number of seeds per pod. It was concluded that improvement of seed yield in fenugreek is possible through selection for dry weight per plant at flower initiation (g), protein content (%), biological yield per plant (g), number of seeds per pod and 1000 seed weight (g).

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Effect of weed control treatments and hill-spacing on soybean and associated weeds

Acta Agronomica Hungarica ◽

10.1556/aagr.52.2004.1.10 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 52 (1) ◽

pp. 81-93 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

A. H. Galal

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Significant Influence ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Plant Weight ◽

Plant Seed ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Seed Index

Two field experiments were carried out at the Experimental Farm of Assiut University, during the 2000 and 2001 summer seasons, to study the effect of three hill spacings (5, 10 and 15 cm) and six weed control treatments on the associated weeds, plant growth, yield and quality of soybean. The weed control treatments were carried out with trifluralin, linuron, pendimethalin, bentazon and hand hoeing, with an unweeded treatment as the control. All the weed control treatments exerted a significant influence on the dry weight of weeds. Hand hoeing and pendimethalin treatment significantly decreased the dry weight of dicot and monocot weeds as compared to the unweeded treatment. Hand hoeing gave the lowest value of the dry weight of total weeds and the highest efficiency percentage. In general, the significantly lowest dry weight of total weeds was recorded for densely sown soybeans. The weed control treatments exerted a significant influence on all the characters under study (plant height, weight of pods and seeds/plant, number of plants at harvest, seed yield/ha). The height of the first pod was lowered by hand hoeing and the application of pendimethalin increased the number of pods/plant, while the highest values of number of branches/plant, seed index, oil and protein contents were obtained after linuron application. wider spacing produced higher values for the number of pods and branches/plant, weight of pods and seeds/plant, seed index and protein content and lowered the height of the first pod as compared to plants sown at closer spacing. The latter produced the highest values of number of plants/ha, seed yield/ha and oil content at harvest. The first order interaction exerted a significant influence on all the characters studied, the highest seed yield/ha (2728.6 kg) being obtained from sowing plants at 5 cm combined with hand hoeing.

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The effect of different weed control technologies on weed species composition of maize

Review on Agriculture and Rural Development ◽

10.14232/rard.2018.1-2.67-71 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1-2) ◽

pp. 67-71

Author(s):

Gábor Vaczkó ◽

László Hódi ◽

Melinda Tar ◽

Péter Jakab ◽

István Kristó

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Flat Surface ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Chernozem Soil ◽

Weed Species ◽

Chemical Efficiency ◽

Herbicide Treatments ◽

Control Technologies ◽

Mechanical Weed Control ◽

Different Doses

In our investigation we used different weed control technologies in the different phenology states of the maize. The farm experiment has been carried out in Hungary, Kunágota, on flat surface, homogeneous quality chernozem soil, on 1000 m2 plots, in 4 replications. The experiment can be regarded as 9 weed-control strategies where, in addition to the untreated control, two chemicals are applied (Laudis, Capreno) in different doses, two mechanical weed-control technologies, and two combination of chemicals and mechanicals weed-control technologies were used. Mechanical weed-control place connected to the herbicide treatments in different times: until 4-6-leave age weedless, in 4-6-leave age hoed once, in 4-6-leave age cultivation once. Our results were assessed by chemical efficiency examination in five periods. Our resoult show that the two tested herbicides were efficient against weeds. Laudis was more effective, than Capreno against Setaria pumila. The dose enlargement of Capreno only slightly increased the herbicidal efficiency. The decreased dosage of Capreno was not efficient enough against Abutilon theophrasti.

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