scholarly journals The effect of different weed control technologies on yield of maize and profitability of maize production

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 72-76
Author(s):  
István Kristó ◽  
Gábor Vaczkó ◽  
Melinda Tar ◽  
Péter Jakab ◽  
László Hódi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Corn Cob ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Control Technologies ◽  
One Year ◽  
Mechanical Weed Control ◽  
Thousand Seed Weight

In our investigation, we used different weed control technologies in the different phenology states of the maize. The farm experiment has been carried out in 2017, in Hungary, Kunágota, on good quality chernozem soil, on 20 x 50 m plots. The experiment can be regarded as 9 weed-control strategies where, in addition to the untreated control, two chemicals are applied (Laudis, Capreno) in different doses, two mechanical weed-control technologies, and two combination of chemicals and mechanical weed-control technologies were used. Mechanical weed-control was connected to the herbicide treatments in different times: until 4-6-leaves age weedless, in 4-6-leaves age hoed once, in 4-6-leaves age cultivation once. In our farm experiment, there were assessed the number of plants, length of plants, leaf number of maize, corncob-number, corncob-length, line number of corncob, thousand seed weight yield and profitability of maize production. Our results were evaluated by a one-factor analysis of variance. Our one-year weed control experiment show that Capreno performed better, than Laudis with respect of plant height, number of leaves, length of corn-cob, number of lines of corn-cob, thousand seed weight and yield. By increasing the dose of Capreno, all the tested values of crop elements degraded except for plant height, so the crop yield also decreased.

scholarly journals The effect of different weed control technologies on weed species composition of maize

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 67-71
Author(s):  
Gábor Vaczkó ◽  
László Hódi ◽  
Melinda Tar ◽  
Péter Jakab ◽  
István Kristó
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Flat Surface ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Chernozem Soil ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Chemical Efficiency ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Control Technologies ◽  
Mechanical Weed Control ◽  
Different Doses

In our investigation we used different weed control technologies in the different phenology states of the maize. The farm experiment has been carried out in Hungary, Kunágota, on flat surface, homogeneous quality chernozem soil, on 1000 m2 plots, in 4 replications. The experiment can be regarded as 9 weed-control strategies where, in addition to the untreated control, two chemicals are applied (Laudis, Capreno) in different doses, two mechanical weed-control technologies, and two combination of chemicals and mechanicals weed-control technologies were used. Mechanical weed-control place connected to the herbicide treatments in different times: until 4-6-leave age weedless, in 4-6-leave age hoed once, in 4-6-leave age cultivation once. Our results were assessed by chemical efficiency examination in five periods. Our resoult show that the two tested herbicides were efficient against weeds. Laudis was more effective, than Capreno against Setaria pumila. The dose enlargement of Capreno only slightly increased the herbicidal efficiency. The decreased dosage of Capreno was not efficient enough against Abutilon theophrasti.

scholarly journals Demographic and Socioeconomic Factors Influencing Uptake of Striga Weed Control Technologies in Kenya

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
Godfrey Nakitare Nambafu ◽  
Richard Ndemo Onwonga
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Population Type ◽  
Control Technologies ◽  
Land Size

Over the years, new technologies have been tested and introduced to control Striga in maize producing areas but adoption has remained low. The study done in 2013, determined the demographic and socioeconomic factors that influenced the adoption of Striga control technologies in Kisumu West, Bumula and Teso South sub counties of Western Kenya. Through Multi stage sampling technique, 40 households were selected per sub county for questionnaire administration; to gather information on demographic profiles of the sample population, type of fertilizer and seed variety used, income of the household, source of credit facilities and challenges faced in weed control. Chi square test at P<0.05 and logistic regression analysis, using R software was used to determine the relationship between demographic and socioeconomic factors and uptake of Striga control technologies. Farmers cited high cost, poor availability of improved varieties and lack of adequate knowledge as reasons for non-adoption of the Striga control strategies. Farmer’s age, education, land size and hiring of labour were found to significantly influence the adoption of the Striga control technologies. The low levels of adoption of modern technology indicate that they were not meeting farmers’ expectations, thus, researchers should put into consideration farmers’ education, age, land size and ability to high labour in their planning for an informed technology adoption. In addition, alternative options should be extended to farmers who are not able to use expensive technologies.

scholarly journals Economic and Horticultural Evaluation of Chemical and Mechanical Weed Control Strategies for Cowpea

1992 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-259
Author(s):  
Brian A. Kahn ◽  
Raymond Joe Schatzer
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Control Chemical ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Cowpea Seed ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Mechanical Weed Control

The herbicides paraquat, trifluralin, and metolachlor were compared for efficacy of weed control in cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] with and without cultivation as a supplemental strategy. Herbicides also were compared against a no cultivation-no herbicide treatment (control) and against cultivation without an herbicide. Cultivation had no significant effect on seed yield, biological yield, or harvest index of cowpea. Paraquat, applied before seeding but after emergence of weeds, was ineffective for weed control and usually did not change cowpea yield from that obtained without an herbicide. Trifluralin and metolachlor more than tripled cowpea seed yield compared with that obtained without an herbicide in 1988, when potential weed pressure was 886 g·m-2 (dry weight). The main effects of trifluralin and metolachlor were not significant for cowpea seed yield in 1989, when potential weed pressure was 319 g·m-2 (dry weight). However, in 1989, these two herbicides still increased cowpea seed yield compared with that of the control and increased net farm income by more than $300/ha compared with the income obtained from the control. Chemical names used 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4' -bipyridlnium salts (paraquat); 2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl) benzenamine (trifluralin); 2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6 -methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-l-methylethyl) acetamide (metolachlor).

scholarly journals CORRELATIONS AMONG GRAIN YIELD, YIELD AND WEED ATTRIBUTES OF MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.) AS INFLUENCED BY WEED CONTROL METHOD AND POULTRY MANURE RATE IN KANO STATE NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-284
Author(s):  
Dr. Muhammad Sani Garko ◽  
K. D. Dawaki ◽  
M. A. Yawale ◽  
I. B. Mohammed ◽  
A. Y. Yaroson
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Direct Contribution ◽  
100 Seed Weight

Field trials were conducted during the rainy season of 2017 at Teaching and Research Farm of Bayero University and Kano State Livestock development Centre Dangora. To determine the magnitude and nature of the association between growth characters and grain yield of maize, as well as the percentage contribution of each of this independent variable on the dependant variable (yield).The trails consist of six weed control methods, three levels of poultry manure and three varieties of maize. The experiment was laid out in a split-split plot design with variety allocated to the main plot, poultry manure to the sub-plot while weed control method to the sub-sub plot, and was replicated three times.  Grain yield correlated positively and significantly with growth and yield characters evaluated while weed dry weight and weed index were highly negatively correlated. The direct and indirect contributions results indicate that plant height had the highest direct contribution at BUK and Dangora in 2016 and Doka 2017 while plant dry matter accumulation had the highest direct contribution at Dangora in 2017. Cob diameter had the least direct effect in the study; the highest indirect effect was from cob diameter through plant height. The percentage individual contribution to grain yield showed that plant height made the highest contribution at BUK and Dangora in 2016, while cob diameter at both locations and plant dry matter at Dangora resulted in the least contribution. The combined contribution of dry matter and 100-seed weight was the highest positive contribution at BUK and that of plant height via 100-seed weight all in 2016 while cob length via 100-seed weight made the least negative contribution at BUK.

scholarly journals Effect of Mechanical, Cultural and Chemical Weed Control on Yield and Yield Components of Pigeonpeas, Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.

1969 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 466-472
Author(s):  
R. Abrams ◽  
F. J. Juliá
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Agricultural Experiment ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Four determinate and four indeterminate types of pigeonpea cultivars and experimental lines were grown at the Isabela Agricultural Experiment Substation during 1971-72 to determine the effects of mechanical, cultural and chemical weed control practices on six characters affecting pigeonpea yield. The chemical, mechanical and hand weed control treatments increased the green pod yield and the number of pods per plant, but had no effect on plant height, number of days to flower, seed weight, and number of seeds per pod. Greatest yield increase was obtained by weed control with chemicals.

scholarly journals Advances in mechanical weed control technologies

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Melander ◽  
◽  
Margaret R. McCollough ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Full Width ◽  
Control Technologies ◽  
Mechanical Devices ◽  
Mechanical Weed Control

Mechanical weed control can be grouped into three categories: full-width cultivators, inter-row cultivators and intra-row cultivators. This chapter will highlight the most recent and relevant advances within each category. The focus will be on novel inventions and developments of mechanical devices, designs, and the weed problems they are meant to solve. Moreover, automation technologies that assist weeding operations are becoming increasingly important and will be given special attention.

scholarly journals On-farm Demonstration of Improved of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Highlands of Southwestern, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-17
Author(s):  
Mesfin Hailemariam ◽  
Mohammed Assen
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Women Farmers ◽  
Local Variety ◽  
Southwestern Ethiopia ◽  
Thousand Seed Weight

Participatory pre-extension demonstration was taken in Dedo and Bedele woreda, in Jimma and Buno Bedele zone in two kebeles each in 2018 main cropping season. Data were collected 100 plants from the demonstration plots. From this study, the performance of three improved fababean and one local variety collected from the areas serves as a check were tested in 11 farmers demonstration plots in two districts of southwestern Ethiopia. From the agronomic traits includes: Days to flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm), harvest index (%), 1000 seed weight and yield and yield Mean grain yield of the tested varieties ranged from 2200 Kg/ha for local variety, to 4370 Kg/ha for Dosha with overall mean value of 3450 Kg/ha. In addition, the highest agronomic performance was recorded for most agronomic traits. In terms of thousand seed weight, the variety Tumsa (805.80 g) score the highest next to Gora (896.60 g).The farmers preference selection and three development agents, 8 men and 5 women farmers evaluated the trial using plant earliness, biomass, seed size, number of branches per plant, plant height and the disease reaction are used as a criteria to select promising varieties Tumsa (23.00), Dosha (16.94) and Gora (16.83) scored up to three highest values, respectively. The lowest (8.96) was scored for the local variety. From agronomic data at two districts in participation of farmers, Dosha, Gora, Tumsa and local variety fababean varieties were given superior in grain yield respectively. The study also showed that Dosha superior in other agronomic traits except thousand seed weight and harvest index. From the farmer’s preference Tumsa, Dosha, Gora and local variety ranks up to fourth. Therefore, all the three improved varieties with their agronomic packages selected by farmers are recommended for Dedo and Bedele districts Southwestern Ethiopia and similar highland agro ecology.

scholarly journals Productive potential and seed quality of soybean genotypes with different maturity groups

2019 ◽  
pp. 1155-1161
Author(s):  
Jonas Estevon Cover ◽  
Cibele Divino Aguiar ◽  
Antônio Veimar da Silva ◽  
Carla Michelle da Silva ◽  
Fabio Mielezrski
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Germination Speed ◽  
Productive Potential ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Pod Length ◽  
Pod Number ◽  
Thousand Seed Weight ◽  
Maturity Groups

Soybean has economically stood out worldwide. In MATOPIBA region of Brazil (Maranhão, Tocantins, Paiuí e Bahia) it is the most economically important crop with participation in the country’s GDP growth. Due to this great growth economic and the incentive to the production of this oilseed, this study aimed to understand the behavior and physiological quality of soybean genotypes and to determine the productive potential of soybean seeds of different cultivars in the Cerrado of the State of Piauí. To this end, an experiment was carried out at Celeiro Farm, located in Serra do Quilombo, municipality of Monte Alegre do Piauí. Sowing followed the usual standards and was carried out on January 10, 2016. The experiment was set up in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. The treatments consisted of five cultivars of INTACTA RR2 PRO soybean, with different maturity groups: C1: MG 8.6, C2: MG 8.3, C3: MG 8.6.1, C4: MG 7.9 and C5: MG 8.5. The analyzed variables were: plant height, number of nodes, internode length, pod length, number of grains per pod, number of grains per plant, one thousand seed weight, productivity, first germination count, germination, seedling length, germination speed index and seedling dry mass. The results indicated that the best cultivars were: C5:TMG 2185 IPRO for plant height, internode length and pod length, and C4: BÔNUS IPRO for number of grains per pod, number of grains per plant, one thousand seed weight, and productivity. Considering the first count, germination, and germination speed index, the best cultivar was C5.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of herbicidal desiccants and application times on seed yield and earliness of soybean

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 1465-1472
Author(s):  
Nurgül ERGİN ◽  
Mehmet D. KAYA
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
First Year ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Thousand Seed Weight

Two herbicidal desiccants and five application times at different reproductive stages of soybean were investigated for earliness without significant reduction in seed yield and quality. Glyphosate and diquat were applied to soybean cv. ‘Arısoy’ (maturity group III) at growth stages of R5, R6, R7 and R8. Full maturity (FM) and uprooted plants at each growth stage were also used as a control. Plant height, first pod height, pod number per plant, seed weight per plant, thousand seed weight, seed yield and oil ratio were investigated. The results showed that plant height was not affected by desiccants and application times. Lower seed weight per plant, thousand seed weight, seed yield, and oil ratio were obtained from earlier reproductive stages, especially at R5, and R6, but glyphosate produced higher seed yield and oil content than diquat. Both desiccants considerably reduced seed yield when applied at R5 and R6. Mean seed yield enhanced from 1,364 to 3,036 kg ha-1 in first year and from 1,097 to 2,804 kg ha-1 in second year as the growth stages extended from R5 to R8. Diquat was more effective desiccant for accelerating soybean harvest than glyphosate, while higher seed yield was obtained from glyphosate spraying at R5 and R6 stages. Increased seed yield was observed in diquat application when the soybean growth stages were delayed from R5 to R8. It was concluded that glyphosate should be applied at R7 in soybean for earliness with 7-10 days in harvest and no desiccant should be suggested before R7 stages.

scholarly journals Use of cover crops in Oxisol and its effects on yield and soybean oil content

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e353101220514
Author(s):  
Luciene Kazue Tokura ◽  
Deonir Secco ◽  
Luiz Antônio Zanão Júnior ◽  
Jair Antonio Cruz Siqueira ◽  
Alessandra Mayumi Tokura Alovisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Structural Quality ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Thousand Seed Weight

In the no-tillage system, soils generally exhibit some degree of compaction that limits agricultural production. In this scenario, the use of soil cover plants is one of the alternatives capable of improving the structural quality of the soil and increasing the productivity of crops, such as soybeans. In the context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of plant cover species and management systems on the improvement of the physical characteristics of a Oxisol and its effects on the production and content of soybean oil. The treatments consisted of control, no-tillage system with gypsum, chiseling system, and 12 treatments with soil cover species composed of 6 summer species and 6 winter species, in completely randomized design. Soil samples were collected in the 0-0.1; 0.1-0.2 and 0.2-0.3 m layers for determination of bulk density (BD), total porosity (TP), microporosity, macroporosity, and saturated soil hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) in 2014, 2017, 2018. Grain yield, oil content, thousand-seed weight, mean plant height and number of plants per meter were evaluated in soybean crop. Mean treatment values were compared by Tukey’s test at 5% significance. Five months after the chiseling system, there was no influence on BD. The treatments did not present differences six months after the application of gypsum. BD, TP, micro and macroporosity and Ksat were the variables most influenced by the periods of the year in the three soil layers. Grain yield, oil content, thousand-seed weight, plant height and number of plants per meter were influenced by the seasons.

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