scholarly journals Using the Floral Status of Strawberry Plants, as Determined by Stereomicroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy, to Survey the Phenology of Commercial Crops

1998 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Manakasem ◽  
P.B. Goodwin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Fragaria Ananassa ◽  
Inflorescence Development ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Scanning Electron

Field surveys were conducted on cultivated strawberries (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch.) to determine the time of flower initiation and its relation to maximum and minimum temperatures and daylength. Stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were compared. Flower initiation in `Torrey' strawberry was more dependent on minimum temperature than on daylength or maximum temperature. Flower initiation in the day-neutral `Aptos' occurred regardless of daylength or temperature during sampling. For the study of flower initiation and inflorescence development, SEM gave more detail than stereomicroscopy.

scholarly journals Architectural Development of Inflorescence in Hydrangea macrophylla cv. Hermann Dienemann

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilles Galopin ◽  
Sandrine Codarin ◽  
Jean-Daniel Viemont ◽  
Philippe Morel
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Inflorescence Development ◽  
Schematic Representation ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Hydrangea Macrophylla ◽  
Floral Differentiation ◽  
Architectural Development ◽  
Scanning Electron

Architectural development of inflorescence in Hydrangea macrophylla cv. Hermann Dienemann was observed using scanning electron microscopy. The study of inflorescence morphogenesis shows that the architecture is of the dichasial type. The first two orders of branching are initiated from a dichasial branching without floral differentiation. The following orders present floral differentiation. They determine the formation of small units through the development of composite dichasium into biparous and uniparous cymes. This research makes it possible to establish a schematic representation of the first phases of inflorescence development and to define early stages of inflorescence morphogenesis.

Laminate Orientation and Thickness Effects on An Scs-6/Ti-24ai-11 Nb Composite Under Thermal Fatigue

1992 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
Author(s):  
William C. Revelos ◽  
Itzhak Roman
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
Thermal Fatigue ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Composite Strength ◽  
Inert Environment ◽  
Tension Tests ◽  
Scanning Electron

ABSTRACTA SiC/Ti-24AI-11 Nb (at. %) composite (30–35 vol. %) was thermally cycled in air and an inert environment between 150 °C and 815 °C for various cycle counts. Various hold times at maximum temperature were employed to determine timedependent effects on composite integrity. Laminate orientations investigated included: [0]4, [0]8, [90]4, [90]8 and [0/90]2S. Acoustic emission produced during thermal fatigue of selected specimens was employed to monitor damage progression. Post-cycling room temperature tension tests as well as optical and scanning electron microscopy were used to document damage, which was particularly acute when hold times at temperature were employed on tests performed in air. The roles of the environment, composite thickness, and off-axis fibers during thermal fatigue on the composite strength and integrity are discussed.

scholarly journals The study of genetic factors that determine the awned glume trait in bread wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 568-574
Author(s):  
O. B. Dobrovolskaya ◽  
A. E. Dresvyannikova ◽  
E. D. Badaeva ◽  
K. I. Popova ◽  
M. Trávníčková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Genetic Mapping ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Inflorescence Development ◽  
Cereal Species ◽  
Scanning Electron

Awns are bristle‐like structures, typically extending from the tip end of the lemmas in the florets of cereal species, including such economically important crops as wheat (Triticum aestivum L., T. durum Desf.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), rice (Oryza sativa L.), and rye (Secale cereale L.). The presence of long awns adhered at tip end of glumes is a characteristic feature of “Persian wheat” T. carthlicum Nevski spike. Glume outgrowth of T. carthlicum Nevski spike passes into a long awn, equal in length to the lemma awn. Awned glumes can be formed in T. aestivum and T. aethiopicum wheats, however, such forms are rare. Features of the awned glume development and the genetic determinants of this trait have been little studied. In this paper, we described the features of the development and inheritance of the tetra-awness (awned glume) trait of the bread wheat T. aestivum line CD 1167-8, using classical genetic analysis, molecular genetic mapping, and scanning electron microscopy. It was shown that the trait is inherited as a recessive monogenic. The gene for the awned glume trait of CD 1167-8 was mapped in the long arm of chromosome 5A, using the Illumina Infinium 15K Wheat Array (TraitGenetics GmbH), containing 15,000 SNPs associated with wheat genes. Results of allelism test and molecular-genetic mapping suggest that the gene for awned glumes in bread wheat is a recessive allele of the B1 awn suppressor. This new allele was designated the b1.ag (b1. awned glume). Analysis of the CD 1167-8 inflorescence development, using scanning electron microscopy, showed that awns had grown from the top of the lemmas and glumes simultaneously, and no differences in patterns of their development were found.

scholarly journals New records of genera and species of myxomycetes (Amoebozoa) from the Neotropics

Check List ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-518
Author(s):  
Carlos Lado ◽  
Arturo Estrada-Torres ◽  
Carlos Rojas Alvarado
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Central America ◽  
New Records ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspot ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Microscopy Images ◽  
Scanning Electron

During field surveys of myxomycetes in Central America, 2 previously unrecorded genera and 4 species, viz. Craterium muscorum Ing, Dictydiaethalium dictyosporum Nann.-Bremek., Physarina echinocephala Höhn, and Stemonaria rufipes, were identified. Some of these are new for the Neotropics. These noteworthy range extensions of these species to the Mesoamerican biodiversity hotspot adds to our knowledge of rarely recorded myxomycetes worldwide. Images of the more relevant taxonomic characters are provided, and for some species, this is the first illustrations with macro and microphotographs and scanning electron microscopy images.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF LOW TEMPERATURE ON FLORAL DEVELOPMENT IN CHRYSANTHEMUM

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 649f-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meriam G. Karlsson ◽  
Janice T. Hanscom
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Flower Development ◽  
Floral Development ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Flower Formation ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Scanning Electron

The progression of flower initiation was documented in Dendranthema X grandiflorum (Ramat) Kitamura `Bright Golden Anne'. Rooted cuttings were planted and grown under 16 hours photoperiod (360 μmol·s-1m-2) and a constant 20C. After 7 days, the plants were pinched, the temperature reduced to 5, 10 or 15C and the day length shortened to 10 hours (13 mol·day-1m-2). Scanning electron microscopy was used to determine the transition from vegetative to reproductive meristem and to document the flower formation process. Shoot apices from three randomly selected plants were dissected weekly from each temperature until plants had developed floret primordia to completely cover the apical dome. Delayed floral development in the low temperature grown plants was a combination of a later flower initiation event and a slower progression of flower development. Required time for formation of 3-4 rows with floret primordia was about 21 days at 15C, 32 days at 10C and 70 days at 5C.

scholarly journals STRAWBERRY GROWTH FOLLOWING A SUB-LETHAL FREEZE

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 654f-654
Author(s):  
Michele R. Warmund
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Fragaria Ananassa ◽  
Anatomical Studies ◽  
Crown Tissue ◽  
Scanning Electron

`Earliglow' strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) plants were frozen to -5C to examine the distribution of ice in the crowns. Anatomical studies were also performed to characterize tissue growth in a greenhouse at 4, 8, and 16 weeks after freezing to -5C. Ice masses observed in fresh crown tissue corresponded to the presence of extracellular tissue voids in specimens fixed for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Voids were present near the peduncle and adjacent to the vascular system in crown tissue. After plants were grown in the greenhouse, cell division and enlargement were observed near the voids in crowns subjected to -5C. By 15 weeks after freezing, a few small extracellular voids remained in the crowns.

scholarly journals Flowering and Inflorescence Development of Lachenalia aloides `Pearsonii' as Influenced by Bulb Storage and Forcing Temperature

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 833B-833
Author(s):  
Mark Roh*
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Inflorescence Development ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Techniques ◽  
Scanning Electron

The effect of bulb storage and forcing temperatures on growth, flowering, and inflorescence development and the death of inflorescence (blast) of Lachenalia aloides Engl., `Pearsonii' was investigated. Following development of about 5 florets, bulbs were stored at 10, 12.5, 15, 20, and 25 °C for 15, 30, or 45 days and forced in greenhouses at 17/15 °C and 21/19 °C. Flowering was accelerated, and leaf length and floret number were reduced, when bulbs were stored at 10, 12.5, or 15 °C for 45 days compared to storing at 20 or 25 °C. Flowering was further accelerated by forcing at 17/15 °C compared to 21/19 °C. When bulbs were stored at 10, 15, 20, or 25 °C for 4 weeks and grown in greenhouses at 17/15 °C, 21/19 °C, 25/23 °C, and 29/27 °C, the incidence of inflorescence blast was increased when bulbs were stored at 10 and 15 °C and forced at 25/23 °C compared to low temperatures. Bulbs were forced in greenhouses maintained at 18/16 °C, 22/20 °C, or 26/24 °C for 12 weeks. During forcing, plants were subjected to constant or alternating forcing temperatures at 4-week intervals. Inflorescence blast occurred when the temperature was 26/24°C during the first 4 weeks after potting. Storing Lachenalia bulbs at 10&#176 to 15 °C before potting then forcing at 17/15 °C accelerated flowering and produced quality plants with short leaves and floral stems. Inflorescence development during bulb 10 °C treatment and inflorescence blast that occurred after only 3 days of 35 °C was demonstrated using scanning electron microscopy and magnetic resonance imaging techniques.

scholarly journals Scanning Electron Microscopy of Floral Initiation in Sweet Cherry

1998 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte M. Guimond ◽  
Preston K. Andrews ◽  
Gregory A. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Current Season ◽  
Meristem Development ◽  
Scanning Electron

Flower initiation and development in `Bing' sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) was examined using scanning electron microscopy. There was a 1- to 2-week difference in the time of initiation of flower buds on summer pruned current season shoots (P) compared to buds borne on unpruned shoots (U) or spurs (S). By late July, this difference was obvious in morphological development. The P buds had already formed floral primordia, while the S and U buds showed little differentiation in the meristem until early August. In general, buds from unpruned shoots were similar developmentally to spur buds. By late August, primordial differentiation was similar in the buds from all the wood types; however, buds from pruned shoots were significantly larger (838 μm) than buds from spurs (535 μm) and unpruned shoots (663 μm). Early summer pruning may shift allocation of resources from terminal shoot elongation to reproductive meristem development at the base of current season shoots. The similarity in reproductive bud development between spurs and unpruned shoots, given the difference in active terminal growth, might suggest that developmental resources are inherently more limiting in reproductive buds on spurs.

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