scholarly journals CONTROL LEVEL AND ASSESSMENT OF THE CLINICAL COURSE IN PATIENTS WITH THE ASSOCIATED PATHOLOGY OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA AND COPD

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
Yurii Feshchenko ◽  
Ksenia Nazarenko
Keyword(s):  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Bronchial Obstruction ◽  
Bode Index ◽  
Combination Methods ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Disease Effect

The notion “asthma-COPD cross” (ACC) for patients with clinical signs of bronchial asthma and COPD was introduced. From 15 to 45 % of population with bronchial obstructive diseases suffer from ACC and its prevalence increases with age. According to the data of epidemiological studies, in average a half of patients with BA in the world cannot reach a control of BA or keep it for a long time. The aim of our research was the determination of the control level and also assessment of symptoms of the disease of patients with BA and COPD. Patients. The study included patients with ACC, older than 30 years. The control included patients with the bronchial asthma and COPD without any signs of these pathologies combination. Methods. All patients underwent the spirography with the analysis of the curve “flow-volume” of a force exhalation and also bodypletizmography (“MasterScreenPneumo”, "CardinalHealth" (Germany)). Al patients were interrogated by the questionnaires: questionnaire for BA symptoms control (ACQ-7), test for BA control (ACT), test for COPD assessment CAT). Results. At comparing parameters of BA control was revealed the reliably worse control in the group of patients with the associated pathology by data of the questionnaire ACQ-7 comparing with patients with BA. The influence of COPD symptoms was also more essential in patients with ACC comparing with one with COPD. At the more expressed degree of the bronchial obstruction, BA control was reliably weaker, whereas the influence of COPD symptoms was more essential. In patients with ACC with the unsatisfactory control of BA (АСQ-7 ≥1,5 points) the mortality prognosis, expressed by BODE index, grows almost in 3 times; inpatients with the severe and very severe influence of the disease effect (САТ > 20 points), the mortality prognosis grows more than in 2 times. The reliable positive correlation was revealed between the results of CAT and ratio of the internal thoracic volume of gases to the total capacity of lungs (ITGV/TLС), that reflects the degree of lungs hyperinflation - (r=0,35; p<0,05). Conclusions. At BA and COPD combination the indices of the disease control are worse than at the bronchial asthma and a bit similar to ones at COPD. Indices of BA control and influence of COPD symptoms on the condition of patients with the associated pathology were mainly negatively changed at the increase of the bronchial obstruction degree. The essential negative influence of the insufficient BA control and the high influence of COPD symptoms on the disease prognosis in patients with associated pathology (BA+COPD) were revealed.

scholarly journals A First Review to Explore the Association of Air Pollution (PM and NO2) on Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Copat ◽  
Antonio Cristaldi ◽  
Maria Fiore ◽  
Alfina Grasso ◽  
Pietro Zuccarello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Great Effort ◽  
Incidence Data ◽  
Long Time

A new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) have determined a pneumonia outbreak in China (Wuhan and Hubei) on December 2019. While pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical intervention strategies are strengthened worldwide, the scientific community has been studying the risk factors associated with SARS-Cov-2, to enrich epidemiological information. For a long time, before the industrialized era, air pollution has been a real and big health concern and it is today a very serious environmental risk for many diseases and anticipated deaths in the world. It has long been known that air pollutants increasing the invasiveness of pathogens for humans by acting as a carrier and making people more sensitive to pathogens through a negative influence on the immune system. Based on scientific evidences, the hypothesis that air pollution, resulting from a combination of factors such as meteorological data, level of industrialization as well as regional topography, can acts both as an infection carrier as a harmful factor of the health outcomes of COVID-19 disease has been raised recently. This hypothesis is turning in scientific evidence, thanks to the numerous studies that have been launched all over the world.With this review, we want to provide a first unique view of all the first epidemiological studies relating the association between air pollution and SARS-CoV-2. The Authors, who first investigated this association, although with great effort and rapidity of analysis dictated by a global emergency, often used different research methods or not all include confounding factors whenever possible. In addition, to date incidence data are underestimated in all countries, and to a lesser extent also mortality data. For this reason, the cases included in the considered studies cannot be considered real. Although it determines important limitations for direct comparison of results, and more studies are needed to strengthen scientific evidences and support firm conclusions, major findings are consistent, highlighting the important contribution of PM2.5 and NO2 on the COVID-19 spread and with a less extent also PM10.

scholarly journals Relationship between Autism Spectrum Disorder and Pesticides: A Systematic Review of Human and Preclinical Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5190
Author(s):  
Judit Biosca-Brull ◽  
Cristian Pérez-Fernández ◽  
Santiago Mora ◽  
Beatriz Carrillo ◽  
Helena Pinos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Preclinical Studies ◽  
Preclinical Models ◽  
Gestational Exposure

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex set of neurodevelopmental pathologies characterized by impoverished social and communicative abilities and stereotyped behaviors. Although its genetic basis is unquestionable, the involvement of environmental factors such as exposure to pesticides has also been proposed. Despite the systematic analyses of this relationship in humans, there are no specific reviews including both human and preclinical models. The present systematic review summarizes, analyzes, and discusses recent advances in preclinical and epidemiological studies. We included 45 human and 16 preclinical studies. These studies focused on Organophosphates (OP), Organochlorine (OC), Pyrethroid (PT), Neonicotinoid (NN), Carbamate (CM), and mixed exposures. Preclinical studies, where the OP Chlorpyrifos (CPF) compound is the one most studied, pointed to an association between gestational exposure and increased ASD-like behaviors, although the data are inconclusive with regard to other ages or pesticides. Studies in humans focused on prenatal exposure to OP and OC agents, and report cognitive and behavioral alterations related to ASD symptomatology. The results of both suggest that gestational exposure to certain OP agents could be linked to the clinical signs of ASD. Future experimental studies should focus on extending the analysis of ASD-like behaviors in preclinical models and include exposure patterns similar to those observed in human studies.

scholarly journals Metabolomic Signature in Sera of Multiple Sclerosis Patients during Pregnancy

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 3589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Rossi ◽  
Ilaria Cicalini ◽  
Mirco Zucchelli ◽  
Maria di Ioia ◽  
Marco Onofrj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Hormonal Fluctuations ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Multiple sclerosis (MuS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system characterized by neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and degradation of the myelin sheath. Epidemiological studies have shown that the female gender is more susceptible than the male gender to MuS development, with a female-to-male ratio of 2:1. Despite this high onset, women have a better prognosis than men, and the frequency of the relapsing phase decreases during pregnancy, while it increases soon after birth. Therefore, it is interesting to investigate hormonal fluctuations during pregnancy and whether they correlate with metabolic signatures. To gain a deeper inside into the biochemical mechanism of such a multifactorial disease, we adopted targeted metabolomics approaches for the determination of many serum metabolites in 12 pregnant women affected by MuS by mass spectrometry analysis. Our data show a characteristic hormonal fluctuation for estrogens and progesterone, as expected. They also highlight other interesting hormonal alterations for cortisol, corticosterone, 11-deoxycortisol, 4-androstene-3,17-dione, testosterone, and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone. Furthermore, a negative correlation with progesterone levels was observed for amino acids and for acylcarnitines, while an imbalance of different sphingolipids pathways was found during pregnancy. In conclusion, these data are in agreement with the characteristic clinical signs of MuS patients during pregnancy and, if confirmed, they may add an important tessera in the complex mosaic of maternal neuroprotection.

scholarly journals Impact of persistent organic pollutants sources on the ecological state of the environment

2019 ◽  
pp. 72-76
Author(s):  
T.I. Висоцька ◽  
Т.В. Пічкур
Keyword(s):  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽  
State Level ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
World Community ◽  
Soil Ecosystems ◽  
Long Time ◽  
State Of The Environment ◽  
The Impact

The article studies the impact of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) on the environment. POPs are artificial substances for the environment. Nowadays, scientists have created more than 18 million chemical compounds, almost 100 000 of which are used in industry. It is widely understood that the pollution of the environment by persistent organic pollutants is due to their constant movement between the natural envelopes. Environmental studies show that regardless of sources (POPs) all the components of the biosphere are under their negative influence: surface water and groundwater, atmosphere, soil ecosystems, flora, and fauna. Measures that can be taken to prevent and reduce the impact of POPs on human health are conventionally divided into measures applied at the state level, and measures for the health maintenance, which should be used by each person, possessing certain knowledge about potential sources and properties of persistent organic pollutants. Considering the fact that POPs can remain in the environment for a long time, there is only one way to protect ourselves and future generations – it is to stop the production and use of POPs and to stop those production processes that use POPs. But this requires the efforts of the world community.

scholarly journals Risk ― A Basic Concept of Epidemiology

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-60
Author(s):  
Evgeny D. Savilov ◽  
Svetlana N. Shugaeva ◽  
Nikolaj I. Briko ◽  
Sergey I. Kolesnikov
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Factor Group ◽  
Risk Area ◽  
Theoretical Justification ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Evaluation Measures ◽  
Risk Period ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Epidemiologic Risk

This article presents the analysis of current scientific understanding of the term «risk» along with theoretical justification of its use in epidemiological studies. Epidemiology commonly uses definitions such as «risk factor», «group of risk», «risk area», and «risk period». However, these definitions were useful only for specific groups or nosoligical infectious diseases. In Noninfectious Pathology the terms had been used exclusively in the applied studies. There is a lack of publications which compile theoretical basics of such fundamental term category. The authors suggest a definition of epidemiologic «risk» which can be used in the epidemiology of both infectious and noninfectious diseases. It is a probability of negative influence on illness (and/or its impact) of specific groups of general population which is defined by external and/or internal factors in specific times and territories. The authors differentiate types of risk and their evaluation measures into categories for used in applied studies of epidemiology. The relationships and the unity of the basic categories of the epidemiologic risk are discussed. The authors conclude that riskology is the main branch of epidemiology and the category of «risk» is the basic paradigm of this science.

scholarly journals Effects of the Airway Obstruction on the Skin Microcirculation in Patients with Bronchial Asthma

2016 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina V. Tikhonova ◽  
N. I. Kosyakova ◽  
A. V. Tankanag ◽  
N. K. Chemeris
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Skin Blood Flow ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Atopic Asthma ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bronchial Obstruction ◽  
Peripheral Blood Flow ◽  
Flow Parameters

Background: Pulmonary hemodynamic disorders depend on the inflammatory phases and severity of the obstructive syndrome. However, the effect of asthma bronchial obstruction on the state of peripheral hemodynamics remains insufficiently known. Aims: To study the effects of airway obstruction on skin blood flow parameters and its regulatory systems in patients with persistent atopic bronchial asthma in the remission state.Materials and methods: A comparative study of the skin peripheral blood flow in patients with bronchial asthma with severe airway obstruction (1st group) and without obstruction (2nd group) was conducted. 20 patients with confirmed diagnosis of atopic asthma of 50–74 years old participated in the study. All patients received basic therapy in a constant dosing of high doses of inhaled glucocorticosteroids/long-acting beta-2-agonists. The control group included 20 healthy volunteers without evidence of bronchial obstruction. The study lasted for 3 months. The forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) was used to evaluate the bronchial obstruction by spirometry technique. Skin blood perfusion changes were recorded by laser Doppler flowmetry at rest and in response to short-term local ischemia. Registered peripheral blood flow signals were examined using the amplitude temporal filtering in five frequency intervals to identify the functional features of the peripheral blood flow regulation systems. Results: Consistent two-fold decrease of the oscillation amplitudes was found in the neurogenic interval at rest (p=0.031), as well as in the myogenic (p=0.043; p=0.031) and endothelial intervals (p=0.037; p≤0.001) both at rest and during the postocclusive reactive hyperemia respectively in the 1st group of patients with bronchial obstruction (FEV1 80%) compared with the control group. No significant changes were revealed for skin blood flow parameters in the 2nd patient group (without obstruction, FEV1 80%) in comparison to control subjects.Conclusions: The presence of bronchial obstruction has a significant impact on the changes of the amplitudes of skin blood flow oscillations in patients with bronchial asthma in the myogenic, neurogenic and endothelial intervals.

scholarly journals Therapy of bronchial asthma in children: age-related aspects

2021 ◽  
pp. 113-122
Author(s):  
Natalia A. Geppe ◽  
Elena G. Kondiurina ◽  
Vera A. Reviakina ◽  
Aleksandr B. Malakhov ◽  
Natalia G. Kolosova
Keyword(s):  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Bronchial Obstruction ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Asthma In Children ◽  
Global Initiative ◽  
Effective Drugs

Bronchial asthma (BA) is a disease that is one of the most frequent chronic diseases of childhood. Characteristic clinical symptoms of BA are wheezing, cough, difficulty in breathing, shortness of breath and, of course, recurrent episodes of bronchial obstruction. They require mandatory clarification of family and individual allergoanamnesis, assessment of symptoms, differential diagnosis with other diseases that may occur with BA. The Global Initiative for the Treatment and Prevention of Bronchial Asthma (GINA 20202021) preserves and develops the ageappropriate approach to verification of diagnosis and therapy selection, which is supported in the Russian National Program "Bronchial Asthma in Children" and in the Russian clinical guidelines "Bronchial Asthma 2021 When the diagnosis of BA is made, therapy should be started as early as possible. Administration of low-dose inhaled glucocorticosteroids (IGCS) immediately after the diagnosis allows not only to control the inflammatory process, which is the basis of BA, but also to reduce the severity of exacerbations. IGCS are the most effective drugs for children of any age, they ensure control of the disease and reduce the risk of AD exacerbations.

scholarly journals PHENOTYPES AND ENDOTYPES OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA: FROM PATHOGENESIS AND CLINICAL FEATURES TO THERAPY

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-24
Author(s):  
O M Kurbacheva ◽  
K S Pavlova
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Individual Approach ◽  
A Current

Questions of bronchial asthma heterogeneity, approaches to allocation of various phenotypes on the basis of clinical signs, biological and genetic markers and endotypes taking into account an etiology and pathophysiology of the disease are considered in the article. Allocation of phenotypes / endotypes promote the best understanding of essence of a disease and it is expedient for development of an individual approach to therapy as some options of a current OH can differ the resistant answer to standard treatment.

scholarly journals ОРНІТОЗ У ПАПУГ

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3(71)) ◽  
pp. 105-108
Author(s):  
N.H. Sorokinа ◽  
O.K. Halchynska ◽  
V.S. Lepushynska
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Localization ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
The Body ◽  
Atypical Pneumonia ◽  
Disease Etiology ◽  
Obligate Intracellular ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Loss Of Appetite

Psittacosis – a zooanthroponosis infection. In humans, the disease can manifest atypical pneumonia, enteritis, peritonitis, encephalitis. In parrots the disease starts with loss of appetite, drowsiness, weakness, fever, appearance of conjunctivitis, rhinitis and diarrhea. The causative agent of psittacosis in parrots are obligate intracellular microorganism Chlamydophila psittaci, which enters the body through the epithelium of the mucous membranes of respiratory tract. Its reproduction and accumulation occurs in the epithelial, and lymphoid reticulohistiocytosis cells. Chlamydia capable to long time cellular localization, can penetrate into the various organs and systems: the lungs, the nervous, cardiovascular system, liver. Parrot, who had been ill for psittacosis, is usually long remain carriers of Chlamydia. This article contains the definition of «psittacosis» as the disease, etiology, pathogenesis, main clinical features of parrots, pathological changes, especially the diagnosis, treatment and prevention. This materials are can help to owners of parrot and veterinary professionals to understand the disease, clinical signs, modern methods of diagnosis, prevention and therapy of psittacosis. 

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