scholarly journals Growth in International Commodity Prices, the Terms of Trade, and GDP Per Capita: A Case Study of Vietnam

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Brueckner ◽  
Kien Trung Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Terms Of Trade ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
International Commodity ◽  
Per Capita

scholarly journals Trade Openness and Economic Growth Nexus: A Case Study of BRICS

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. G. Burange ◽  
Rucha R. Ranadive ◽  
Neha N. Karnik
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Jel Codes ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Econometric Technique

The article analyses a causal relationship between trade openness and economic growth for the member countries of BRICS by using an econometric technique of time series analysis. Member countries of BRICS adopted a series of liberalization reforms, almost simultaneously, from the late 1980s. The article attempts to study the impact of trade openness on their growth in GDP per capita. It captures structural composition of GDP and openness of trade in four aspects, that is, merchandise exports, merchandise imports, services export and services import. In India, the study found growth-led trade in services hypothesis. The article supports the growth-led export and growth-led import hypothesis for China and export- and import-led growth for South Africa. However, no causal relationship was evident for Brazil and Russia. JEL Codes: F43, C22

scholarly journals Explaining Financial Crises in Emerging Markets: A logit model on the Turkish data (1984-2001)

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-47
Author(s):  
Mete Feridun
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Stock Prices ◽  
Logit Model ◽  
Financial Crises ◽  
Terms Of Trade ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Foreign Exchange Reserves ◽  
Fiscal Balance ◽  
Per Capita

This article aims at explaining the financial crises Turkey experienced in the last decade through a random effects logit model which incorporates 26 macroeconomic, political, and financial sector variables. Evidence emerges that the only significant variables are current account/GDP, fiscal balance/GDP, GDP per capita, national savings growth, foreign exchange reserves, terms of trade, stock prices, and import growth. Results indicate that all variables have expected signs with the exception of import growth.

scholarly journals Evaluation and Projection of Airport Landing Movement Areas based on Statistical Analyses, ICAO 2013 Manuals and KM 44, 2002 Regulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
Ari Sandhyavitri ◽  
Fiqri Fansyuri
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Surface Wind ◽  
Surface Wind Speed ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
International Civil Aviation Organization ◽  
Reference Field ◽  
Slope Surface ◽  
Per Capita

This article demonstrated how to calculate an airport landing movement in systematic five main stages encompassing; (i) data collection (including passengers data, aircraft movements, population, GDP, per capita income, cargos movement, temperatures, ground elevation, slope surface, wind speed, and aircraft characteristics), (ii) forecasting the future traffic demands, (iii) calculating aerodrome reference field length (ARFL), (iv) define aerodrome reference code (ARF), and (v) calculate runway dimensions, taxiways, and apron areas. This article has selected Hang Nadim International Airport (HIA) as a case study. It was identified that the aircraft movements in this airport have increased by an average of 7.30% every year in the periods of 2007 to 2016. This Airport has an existing apron with a capacity of 13 aircraft, while the apron currently has to accommodate 19 aircraft. Therefore, to anticipate future demand. This research evaluated and forecasted the requirements standard for the airport landing movement areas in 2026. Based on the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) 2013 manuals and KM 44, 2002 regulation concerning the National Airport Regulation. This article recommended that the existing runway and taxiways would be adequate to facilitate future aircraft movements up to 2026. However, the apron requires to be expanded to 1,600 m x 150 m (which a capacity of 31 aircraft) for accommodating the apron requirements standard in 2026.

Protectionism demands trade rethink in Argentina

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Terms Of Trade ◽  
Trade Liberalisation ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Global Context ◽  
International Commodity ◽  
The Government

Subject Argentina's foreign trade. Significance In 2016, an improvement in the terms of trade and higher export volumes of agricultural commodities helped to offset a fall in international commodity prices and a fall in manufactures exports. The trade balance reached a surplus of 2.1 billion dollars last year, after a deficit of nearly 3.0 billion in 2015. Impacts Exports will remain dependent on the evolution of commodities prices and Brazilian demand. The government will continue to encourage trade liberalisation to control inflation. The new global context should drive a revision of trade strategy, initially focused on the approach to Asia-Pacific bloc.

Latent Trade Diversification and Its Relevance for Macroeconomic Stability

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Lederman ◽  
Samuel Pienknagura ◽  
Diego Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Important Determinant ◽  
Terms Of Trade ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Country Characteristics ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Terms Of Trade Volatility ◽  
Trade Volatility ◽  
Novel Concept ◽  
Macroeconomic Stability

Abstract This paper examines the economic implications of a novel concept of trade diversification—latent diversification. In contrast to traditional measures, latent diversification accounts for potential movements of factors of production into activities where the country has previous exporting experience, hence presenting an additional margin through which countries can respond to shocks. The paper shows that the gap between traditional measures of diversification and latent diversification is sizeable and that latent diversification is in its own right an important determinant of macroeconomic stability. More diversified latent export baskets are associated with lower terms-of-trade volatility and, in turn, lower GDP per capita volatility, even after controlling for the degree of contemporaneous export diversification and other country characteristics.

Evaluating the World Bank’s Major Reports: A Review Essay

1988 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Robert S. Browne
Keyword(s):  
Review Essay ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Terms Of Trade ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Economic Stagnation ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita

As the decade of the 1970’s drew to a close, Africa’s leaders were becoming concerned over the economic stagnation visibly creeping across the Continent. The dramatic escalation in energy prices, combined with the general world inflation, had palpably shifted the terms of trade against the African petroleum importers, effectively neutralizing the higher commodity prices which African exports had enjoyed in the earlier years of the decade. Per capita GDP figures, which in most of Africa had been rising since independence, had begun to slip. In some countries the physical and social infrastructure was clearly detriorating.

Shipping the good coffee out: the Alchian–Allen theorem and relative demand for Brazilian Arabica and Robusta coffees

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 697-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragan Miljkovic ◽  
Miguel I Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Transportation Cost ◽  
Relative Price ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Export Demand ◽  
High Quality ◽  
International Commodity ◽  
Relative Demand ◽  
International Prices ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Time Periods

Abstract The validity of the Alchian–Allen (AA) theorem is tested for the export demand of Brazilian Arabica (high-quality) and Robusta (low-quality) coffees. We check for robustness using different model specifications, estimation procedures and time periods. Given that international prices for both Brazilian naturals (Arabica varieties) and Robusta are determined on international commodity exchanges, the change in relative price varies by country only due to changes in transportation costs. Results show that the consumption of Arabica increases relative to the consumption of Robusta with distance, therefore with the corresponding increasing per-unit transportation cost. We confirm that GDP per capita does not impact relative demand for coffee.

scholarly journals Competitiveness of Superpowers: Impact of Education and Innovations

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Antanas Buracas
Keyword(s):  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
China And India ◽  
National Economic ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

The impact of knowledge determinants on global competitiveness based on multiple criteria assessment methodology and their empirical expert assessment was evaluated taking the comparative expert data of the U.S., Japan, China, and India for a case study. The complex evaluations were determined with an account of the education, knowledge and innovation parameters published in the international reports of the WEF, INSEAD a/o experts. As result of author evaluations was found that differences between the USA and Japan, on the one side, China and India, on other, by GTCI and GII levels are lower than their differences in GDP per capita (PPP). The correlation between GTCI scores and GDP per capita, also between national economic competitiveness and GTC indices is weaker than expected by an approach based on GTCI model. The deep difference in labor productivity per employee was determined by the technical retardation of India and China compared with USA and Japan. At the same time, the differences of superpowers in educating the employable skills are not so significant.

Why the car is key to low carbon mobility in Brazil

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Kuhnimhof ◽  
Christine Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Car Ownership ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Car Industry ◽  
Advanced Economies ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Europe Today ◽  
First Time

This case study focuses on the question which levels of automobility, i.e. car ownership and use, can be expected for Brazil within the next decades. To answer this question, we combine findings from three studies exploring future automobility: firstly, a study comparing context conditions for automobility in emerging and in advanced economies; secondly, as system dynamics model of the car purchase demand of first-time buyers in Brazil; thirdly, a cluster study of metropolitan areas worldwide. With a GDP per Capita of about 8,000 USD per year, car ownership is rapidly growing in Brazil. Based on analyses of historic paths of automobility development over economic growth, this rapid growth of car ownership in Brazil can be expected to level off in about 30 to 40 years. In light of various factors which are influential for car ownership, we expect that by then Brazil will have a level of automobility higher than Europe today, but lower than the USA today. The availability of domestic oil and bio-ethanol, an important car industry and policy factors conducive to car use contribute to this development. On their path towards low carbon mobility transitions, we suggest to focus on ‘improve’ strategies (e.g. increase efficiencies of cars).

scholarly journals TERMS OF TRADE AND INDUSTRIALIZATION: REALITIES IN UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-34
Author(s):  
Olena Bazhenova ◽  
Ihor Chornodid
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Terms Of Trade ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Vector Autoregressive ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

he paper explores the impact of terms of trade on the industrialization and economic growth in Ukraine due to significant vulnerability of national economy to foreign economic shocks, its openness and mainly commodity structure of exports. In this research we have chosen manufacturing value added as percent in GDP to identify periods of industrialization, as its growth corresponds to periods of accelerated industrial development and vice versa. Also we considered GDP per capita as indicator of national economy’s performance. The changes in terms of trade were investigated based on the analysis of terms of trade adjustments, which are determined by the ability to import goods and services minus exports at constant prices. As an empirical research tool vector autoregressive models have been chosen to explore the relationship between endogenous and exogenous variables in dynamics. Thus, the endogenous variables in the model are the annual growth rate of GDP per capita, manufacturing value added and terms of trade adjustments in 1991-2018. Therefore, the first-order vector autoregression model was constructed to examine this relationship. According to the results of research, acceleration of terms of trade adjustments growth rate (deterioration of terms of trade) in Ukraine leads to fluctuations in the manufacturing value added growth with an increase of almost 3% in the second period and further declining. It indicates an increase in industrial production in response to the deterioration of terms of trade in the short run and possible intensification of innovative economic growth triggers. Fluctuations in manufacturing value added account for from almost 7% to 14% in fluctuations of GDP per capita growth. In turn, fluctuations in terms of trade adjustments account for only from 3% to almost 5%. At the same time, fluctuations in manufacturing value added from 8% to 13% are explained by fluctuations in terms of trade adjustments.

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