scholarly journals Biosorption of lead, chromium and cadmium in tannery effluent using indigenous microorganisms

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. P. Abioye ◽  
O. A. Oyewole ◽  
S. B. Oyeleke ◽  
M. O. Adeyemi ◽  
A. A. Orukotan
Keyword(s):  
Pollution Control ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
World Health ◽  
Tannery Effluent ◽  
Indigenous Microorganisms ◽  
Tannery Effluents ◽  
Penicillium Sp ◽  
Central Pollution Control Board ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
National Environmental

This study investigated the biosorption of lead, chromium and cadmium in tannery effluent using indigenous microorganisms. Bacteria isolated from the tannery effluent were Bacillus subtilis and B. megaterium while fungi isolated were Aspergillus niger and Penicillium sp. The microorganisms were tested for their ability to reduce the concentration of the heavy metals in the tannery effluent using conventional methods. B. megaterium recorded the highest lead reduction (2.13 to 0.03 mg/L), followed by B. subtilis (2.13-0.04 mg/L). A. niger recorded the highest ability to reduce the concentration of chromium (1.38-0.08 mg/L) followed by Penicillium sp. (1.38 0.13 mg/L) while B. subtilis exhibited the highest ability to reduce the concentration of cadmium (0.4-0.03 mg/L) followed by B. megaterium (0.04-0.06 mg/L) after 20 days. When these values were compared to standard limits of Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA), World Health Organization (WHO), National Environmental Standard and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA) and Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), the isolates recorded an acceptable reduction in the concentration of lead, chromium and cadmium in sterile and unsterile tannery effluent. The results of this showed that the isolates reduced the concentration of lead, chromium and cadmium present in the sterile and raw tannery effluent and suggest that the organisms can be used as a possible treatment of tannery effluents.

scholarly journals Congener specific distribution of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzo-p-furans in ambient air particulates (less than PM10) in Delhi, India

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhupander Kumar ◽  
Satish Kumar Singh ◽  
Ram Bharoshey Lal ◽  
Sanjay Kumar ◽  
Chandra Shekhar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Pollution Control ◽  
National Level ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Stockholm Convention ◽  
World Health ◽  
Specific Distribution ◽  
Central Pollution Control Board ◽  
Risk Of Exposure ◽  
Health Organization

Polychlorinated dibenzo-<em>p</em>-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-<em>p</em>-furans (PCDFs) are unintentionally formed during inefficient combustions and as a by-product. Due to their resistance to degradation and their toxic effect on health, PCDD/Fs are listed by the Stockholm Convention as persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Once released into the atmosphere, most of them are adsorbed to air particles and transported away from sources in atmosphere. India signed the Stockholm Convention India agreeing thereby to reduce and eliminate the use of POPs. The German agency for Technical Cooperation helped develop facilities for monitoring POPs at a national level in Delhi. This paper presents the data generated during a training assignment for Central Pollution Control Board officials at the German laboratory. Air borne particulate matter (&lt;PM<sub>10</sub>) was collected from 6 different locations in Delhi, India and analyzed in a German laboratory for 17 congeners of PCDD/Fs. The concentrations of &Sigma;PCDD/Fs ranged between 1720-9010 fg m<sup>-3</sup> (mean 5559 fg m<sup>-3</sup>) and their toxic equivalency values ranged from 67 to 460 fg I-toxic equivalent quantities (TEQ) m<sup>-3</sup>, with an average of 239 fg I-TEQ m<sup>-3</sup> which was lower than the ambient air standards. The dominant congeners were octachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (OCDD), octachlorinated dibenzo-p-furans (OCDF), 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorinated dibenzo- p-furans, and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin. The contributions of individual homologs for &Sigma;PCDDs/Fs I-TEQ was in the order of OCDD (31%)&gt;HCDF (21%)&gt;hexachlorodibenzofurans (13%)=OCDF (13%)&gt; HCDF (12%) and other individual congeners contribute less than 5%. High chlorinated congeners contributed with more than 80% for &Sigma;PCDD/Fs I-TEQ. Rough estimates of tolerable daily intake (TDI) shows low health risk of exposure to &Sigma;PCDD/Fs with inhalation of 0.098 pg I-TEQ kg<sup>1</sup>day<sup>1</sup> for adult and 0.152 pg TEQ kg<sup>-1</sup>day<sup>-1</sup> for children, which is much lower than World Health Organization recommended TDI for dioxins.

scholarly journals Treatment of distillery spent wash by combined UF and RO processes

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-240
Keyword(s):  
Pollution Control ◽  
Applied Pressure ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
World Health ◽  
Spent Wash ◽  
Distillery Spent Wash ◽  
Pollutant Level ◽  
Central Pollution Control Board ◽  
Health Organization

The present study deals with the treatment of distillery spent wash by an ultrafiltration (UF) membrane followed by reverse osmosis (RO) membrane on a pilot scale membrane setup. The performance of the system was evaluated by varying applied pressure on the thin-film composite polyamide (TFC-PA) UF and RO membranes. In the first stage, UF experiments are carried out for concentration of effluents by removing the suspended solids (SS). RO has effectively separated the total dissolved solids (TDS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), sulphate and potassium with the rejection efficiency of 97.9%, 96.8%, 97.9%, 99.7% and 94.65%, respectively. UF was effective for the separation of SS with the rejection efficiency of 95.5%. The pollutant level in permeate are below the maximum contaminant level as per the guidelines of the World Health Organization and the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) of India specifications for effluent discharge (less than 1000 ppm of TDS and 500 ppm of COD).

scholarly journals Evaluation of Groundwater Quality in the Vicinity of Khurrianwala Industrial Zone, Pakistan

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Aleem ◽  
Cao Shun ◽  
Chao Li ◽  
Arslan Aslam ◽  
Wu Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Industrial Zone ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
National Environmental

The industrial augmentation and unguided anthropogenic activities contaminate water sources in most parts of the world especially in developing countries like Pakistan. High concentration of pollutants in groundwater affects human, soil, and crop health badly. The present study was conducted to investigate groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes in an industrial zone of Pakistan. A GIS tool was used to investigate the spatial distribution of different physico-chemical parameters. In this study, the average results exceeding World Health Organization (WHO) and National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) were found for pH 7.84, total dissolved solids (TDS) 1492 mg/L, phosphate 0.51 mg/L, dissolved oxygen (DO) 9.92% saturation, F-coli 6.48 colonies/100 mL, Na+ 366 mg/L, HCO3− 771 mg/L, sulfate 251 mg/L, chlorides 427 mg/L, total hardness (as CaCO3) 292 mg/L, electrical conductivity (EC) 2408 μS/cm, iron (Fe) 0.48 mg/L, chrome (Cr) 0.50 mg/L, arsenic (As) 0.04 mg/L, total phosphorus (TP) 0.17 mg/L, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) 9.76 (in meq/L), residual sodium carbonate (RSC) 9.28 meq/L, % ion balance 14.4 (in meq/L), percentage sodium ion (% Na+) concentration 58.9 meq/L, and water quality index (WQI) 69.0. The trend of cations and anions were (in meq/L) Na > Mg > Ca > K and HCO3 > Cl > CO3 > SO4 respectively. Although the results of the present study showed poor conditions of the groundwater for drinking as WQI but and irrigation purposes as SAR, it needs to improve some more conditions for the provision of safe drinking water and irrigation water quality.

A review of the analytical methodology to determine Radium-226 and Radium-228 in drinking waters

2018 ◽  
Vol 106 (10) ◽  
pp. 819-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akbar Abbasi
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Liquid Scintillation ◽  
Concentration Level ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
World Health ◽  
Analytical Methodology ◽  
Drinking Waters ◽  
Spectrometry Technique ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
World Health Organization Guideline

Abstract Radium-228 (228Ra) and Radium-226 (226Ra) isotopes in drinking water are significant from the aspect of radiation protection and human health. In this paper, the three most common preconcentration methods, i.e.coprecipitation, absorption and evaporation, were reviewed with emphasis on routinely measurement techniques. The reviewed measurement techniques include low background γ-spectrometry, α-spectrometry and liquid scintillation counting. The γ-spectrometry technique is the good selection, when the maximum sensitivity is considered. The Environmental Protection Agency guideline has provided the maximum concentration level 0.74 Bq/L for 226Ra and 228Ra. Also, the World Health Organization guideline limit is 1 Bq/L and 0.1 Bq/L for 226Ra and 228Ra, respectively.

MEASUREMENT OF RADON ACTIVITY CONCENTRATION IN UNDERGROUND WATER OF BURETI SUB-COUNTY OF KERICHO COUNTY KENYA

2020 ◽  
Vol 192 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-60
Author(s):  
Charles K Rotich ◽  
Nadir O Hashim ◽  
Margaret W Chege ◽  
Catherine Nyambura
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Activity Concentration ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
World Health ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Annual Dose ◽  
Radon Activity ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Us ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract The activity concentration of radon in underground water of Bureti sub-county was measured using liquid scintillating counter device. The average radon activity concentration in all the water samples was 12.41 Bql−1. The maximum and minimum activity concentrations of radon were 22.5 and 4.57 Bql−1, respectively. In total, 53% of the total samples analysed had radon concentration levels above the US Environmental Protection Agency-recommended limit of 11.1 Bql−1. The annual dose received by an individual as a result of waterborne radon was determined according to the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effect of Atomic Radiation reports and was found to be 33.23 𝜇Svy−1. All the samples recorded a value &lt;100 𝜇Svy−1 recommended by the World Health Organization and the European Union council.

scholarly journals Comparison of particle emissions from enclosed parking garages and streets

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-465 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Values ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
World Health ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Average Mass ◽  
Parking Garages ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Mass Concentrations

<p>The aim of this study was to compare particulate matter (PM) pollutants performed at three different enclosed parking garages (A, B and C) and two streets (1 and 2) in Belgium. Particle mass concentrations, number concentrations and their size distributions were measured in real time using an Electrical Low Pressure Impactor Plus (ELPI+) instrument. PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 particle ranges were characterized under this study and these concentrations were compared with the reference values recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and the European Union (EU). The results showed that the average mass concentrations in the garages ranged from 28-50 &micro;g Nm-3 for PM1, 43-60 &micro;g Nm-3 for PM2.5 and 58-90 &micro;g Nm-3 for PM10, while in the streets they varied from 14-18 &micro;g Nm-3 for PM1, 23-27 &micro;g Nm-3 for PM2.5 and 54-59 &micro;g Nm-3 for PM10 respectively. The number concentrations were obtained in the range of 28x103 to 47x103 particles cm-3 for the garages while 17x103 to 22x103 particlescm-3 for the streets. In all garages, it has been observed that PM2.5 concentrations exceeded the 24h reference values recommended by WHO and USEPA while and PM10 concentrations exceeded WHO and EU guidelines. Particle number size distributions showed dominant quantities of fine particles in all measurements, while two distinct particle sizes of coarse and fine modes were observed in the mass size distributions.</p>

scholarly journals Assessment of heavy metal concentrations in periwinkle (Tympanotonus fuscatus) samples from Uta-ewa creek, Imo river estuary, South eastern Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-35
Author(s):  
IdopiseAbasi E Asuquo
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
World Health ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽  
Aquatic Resource ◽  
Accumulation Of Metals ◽  
Health Organization

Heavy metal (HM) contents in periwinkle from Uta Ewa creek, Imo river estuary, Southeastern Nigeria were investigated. Samples were collected from the offshore landing fisher folks during July-November 2018. HM was determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer-varian model spectral AA 220. The concentration values of cadmium were ranged from 0.59 to 0.935mg/kg (mean±SD=0.68±0.13mg/kg), chromium from 0.31 to 0.82mg/kg (mean±SD=0.60±0.26mg/kg), copper from 2.02 to 2.37mg/kg (mean±SD=2.27±0.14mg/kg), iron from 1.83 to 3.03mg/kg (mean=2.36±0.51mg/kg), Pb from 0.02 to 0.22mg/kg (mean±SD=0.13±0.94mg/kg), Manganese from 1.03 to 0.22mg/kg (mean±SD=0.13±0.073mg/kg) and zinc from 1.08 to 2.29 mg/kg (mean±SD=1.70±0.50mg/kg). The results showed that concentrations of Cd, Cr, Fe, Mn and Zn were higher in periwinkle than other metals (Cu and Pb) determined, the values of which were opposed to the FEPA (Federal Environmental Protection Agency) and WHO (World Health Organization) permissible limits for ingestion of this aquatic resource. There were no significant variations recognized among the monthly accumulation of metals by the species. The results obtained from the present study revealed an evidence of the periwinkle fauna to bio-concentrate these heavy metals.

Studying of Physio-chemical Properties of The Groundwater in AL-A’lam City

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
Haneen Khudhair ◽  
Rand Ahmed ◽  
Rim Hussein ◽  
Hassain Ibrahim ◽  
Omer Hassain
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Hard Water ◽  
Permissible Limit ◽  
World Health ◽  
Permissible Limits ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Physical And Chemical

he present study was conducted for eight wells that are distributed in A’alam subdistrict in Salah al-Din province to assess the groundwater quality in this area. Water samples from these wells were taken during three months periods, one sample per month. Some physical and chemical properties of the water samples were tested by conducting on-site and laboratory tests. The water temperatures of the wells were recorded to assess its relationship with many properties of the water, including basal. The results indicated that the water of the studied wells was warm during the study period, and its temperature range was (19-24) ° C. The pH was measured and also its values were in the range (7.44-8.4). The values of total dissolved solids exceeded the permissible limits, with a minimum value of (1930) mg/L which is higher than the permissible limit in the drinking water relating to the Iraqi standard and the specifications of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the American Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), (1000) mg/L. This increase led to a significant increase in the electrical conductivity values, which reached its lowest recorded value of (3940) microsmins/cm, which is above the permissible limit (1500) microsmins/cm. The concentration of chloride ion, which is in the range (482.7-1053) mg/L and sulfur ions, which recorded its lowest value (411) mg/L, and also this exceeded the permissible limits for both ions (250) mg/L according to the Iraqi standard and WHO standards. The study covered all the studied wells water, and its depth are found in the range (80-160) meters, which is very hard water, with a concentration of (180) mg/L. The results indicate that the water was permanently exposed to pollution and is far from optimal for most of the time. Geographic information systems (GIS) were used to produce spatial maps of the study area showing the distribution of the characteristics studied, thus providing a future database for the region, which could be used to diagnose pollution wherever it would be found

The Attack on Health and Science Institutions

2021 ◽  
pp. 303-332
Author(s):  
Sara E. Gorman ◽  
Jack M. Gorman
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
World Health ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Impossible Task ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
High Level ◽  
Federal Administration ◽  
Very High

One of our most trusted sources of accurate scientific information has always been the federal and international scientific regulatory agencies charged with protecting and improving our health and safety. These include the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the World Health Organization (WHO). After being chronically underfunded for many years, these agencies have been assaulted by anti-science forces within the previous United States federal administration. Today, many people have lost what was once a very high level of confidence in these agencies. It will be a difficult, but far from impossible, task for a new federal administration to restore them to the positions of trust they once held.

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