scholarly journals Effects of liming on the growth and nutrient concentrations of pitaya species in acidic soils

2020 ◽  
pp. 1756-1763
Author(s):  
Letícia Alves Carvalho Reis ◽  
Maria do Céu Monteiro Cruz ◽  
Enilson de Barros Silva ◽  
Josimara Mendes Rabelo ◽  
Cintia Maria Teixeira Fialho
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Base Saturation ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Brazilian Soils ◽  
Aluminum Saturation ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
Hylocereus Undatus ◽  
Increasing Demand

With the increasing demand for pitaya orchard management information to achieve high productivity and commercial quality fruits, liming practice is fundamental since most Brazilian soils are acidic. This study aims to assess lime requirements of Typic Quartzipisamment and Haplorthox soils to calculate tolerated aluminum saturation, desired base saturation, calcium and magnesium requirements to cultivate two pitaya species; Hylocereus undatus and Hylocereus polyrhizus. Two independent experiments were conducted in a greenhouse, organized in a 2 x 4 factorial scheme. Treatments were distributed in randomized blocks with five replications. Treatments of the first experiment corresponded to H. undatus and H. polyrhizus and four lime requirements, 0; 0.8; 1.2 and 1.7 t ha-1 cultivated in Typic Quartzipisamment. Treatments of the second experiment corresponded to H. undatus and H. polyrhizus and four lime requirements, 0; 1.3; 2.0 and 2.8 t ha-1 cultivated in Haplorthox. Shoot and root dry matter, chemical soil attributes and shoot nutrient concentrations were measured. Regression equations were adjusted for each variable, according to the lime requirements of both soils providing the highest dry matter yield in both pitaya species. H. undatus and H. polyrhizus cultivated in Typic Quartzipisamment produced more dry matter when the aluminum saturation was between 13% and 16%, base saturation 70% and the calcium and magnesium requirement 2.5 cmolcdm-3. H. undatus and H. polyrhizus cultivated in Haplorthox produced more dry matter when the aluminum saturation was between 1% and 4%, base saturation between 55% and 70%, and calcium and magnesium requirement 3.0 cmolcdm-3.

scholarly journals Increase of nutrients export and production of pitaya whit potassium fertilization

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. e3276
Author(s):  
Josimara Mendes Rabelo ◽  
Maria do Céu Monteiro Cruz ◽  
Nubia Cassiana Santos ◽  
Deilson de Almeida Alves ◽  
João Esdras Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Nutrient Export ◽  
Plant Nutrient ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Potassium Fertilization ◽  
Hylocereus Undatus ◽  
Hylocereus Polyrhizus

Characterization works of pitayas show that the potassium (K) is the nutrient most exported, thus, influences in the productivity and quality of this fruit. However, these researches do not report the nutrients export by pitaya's associating the fertilization carried out in the orchard, information that is relevant to make the nutrients reposition adequate at the time of fertilization. The research was carried out to evaluate the supply of K2O in the export of nutrients and productivity of the Hylocereus undatus and Hylocereus polyrhizus pitaya species. The analysis was carried out in the mature fruits harvested in two harvests. Potassium fertilization was performed at doses of 0; 50; 100 and 200 g of K2O per plant. Nutrient export per ton of fruit was calculated from the determination of the nutrient levels and the dry matter of the pitaya pulp. The export of nutrients by the pitaya of the species H. undatus and H. polyrhizus occurs in the following order: K>N>P>Ca>Mg> and Mn>Fe>Cu>Zn>B. These species of pitaya have similar nutritional requirements, enabling them to be receive same fertilization management. The amount of nutrients exported was higher in plants fertilized with potassium due to the higher productivity achieved. Orchards of pitaya that reach high productivity require a greater quantity of nutrients, due to the increase export by the fruits.

scholarly journals Storage of Fine Woodchips from a Medium Rotation Coppice Eucalyptus Plantation in Central Italy

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Pari ◽  
Simone Bergonzoli ◽  
Paola Cetera ◽  
Paolo Mattei ◽  
Vincenzo Alfano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Woody Biomass ◽  
Eucalyptus Plantation ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Eucalyptus Wood ◽  
Storage Methods ◽  
Fuel Characteristics ◽  
Increasing Demand

Eucalyptus spp. has received attention from the research and industrial field as a biomass crop because of its fast growth and high productivity. The features of this species match with the increasing demand for wood for energy production. Commonly, the wood used for energy production is converted in chips, a material susceptible to microbial degradation and energy losses if not properly stored before conversion. This study aims at investigating two outdoor storage systems of Eucalyptus wood chips (covered vs. uncovered), assessing the variation in moisture content, dry matter losses and fuel characteristics. The class size of the material was P16, which was obtained using a commercial chipper appositely searched to conduct the study. The results highlighted how the different storage methods were influenced by the climatic condition: the woody biomass covered showed the best performances in terms of dry matter losses achieving 2.7% losses vs. the 8.5% of the uncovered systems. However, fuel characteristics displayed minor changes that affected the final energy balance (∆En = −0.2% in covered; ∆En = −6.17% in uncovered). Particle size varied in both methods with respect to the start conditions, but the variation was not enough to determine a class change, which remained P16 even after storage.

scholarly journals Land use capacity and environment services

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1712
Author(s):  
Lucas Emanuel Servidoni ◽  
Joaquim Ernesto Bernardes Ayer ◽  
Marx Leandro Naves Silva ◽  
Velibor Spalevic ◽  
Ronaldo Luiz Mincato
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Base Saturation ◽  
Natural Fertility ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Effective Depth ◽  
Aluminum Saturation ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Cationic Exchange

The increasing demand for food resulting from demographic growth has required more productive agropastoral practices. Consequently, new areas were selected for agropastoral production in an arbitrary way, disregarding land use capacity. This ends up in acceleration of degradation processes, mainly those related to water erosion. In this context, the system of land use capacity proposes the classification of maximum use allowed for land of a rural property or of a hydrographic sub-basin, in an attempt to make sustainable plans of use and management of natural resources. Concerning current use of land, the system indicates the sites where there are conflicts in use in relation to their use capacity. Thus, it is possible to propose measures to adapt land use to its use capacity. Therefore, in this study, the classes of land use capacity at the hydrographic sub-basin of Córrego Pedra Branca, in Alfenas, in the state of Minas Gerais, were evaluated. For that purpose, the following soil parameters were evaluated: effective depth, water permeability, texture, declivity, erosion class, base saturation, effective and potential cationic exchange capacity, and aluminum saturation. Soil analyses presented values of base saturation and of low capacity of effective and potential cationic exchange, which illustrate the low natural fertility of these soils, as well as aluminum saturation level harmful to most cultures. Thus, land use would be restricted to low impact, permanent crops, silvicultures, associated agrosilvipastoral system with conservationist management techniques, as, for example, direct seeding, soil correction and fertilization, and reforestation of permanent preservation areas

scholarly journals Ruminal degradability of dry matter and neutral detergent fibre of grasses

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 359-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Jančík ◽  
V. Koukolová ◽  
P. Homolka
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Prediction Equations ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
In Sacco

A study was conducted (I) to determine rumen degradability (in sacco) of dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) of the most important grass species grown in the Czech Republic, (II) to compare grass species (n = 5) according to calculated degradation parameters, and (III) to establish prediction equations for degradation parameters from chemical composition. Forty samples of the most important grass species (Dactylis glomerata, Phleum pratense, Lolium perenne, Festuca arundinacea, Felina hybrid) were harvested in 2004 and 2005 and analyzed for chemical composition, and DM and NDF in sacco degradability. Results from the in sacco method were used to calculate DM and NDF degradation parameters. Linear and stepwise multiple regression analyses were used to develop prediction equations for DM and NDF degradation parameters from nutrient concentrations. The highest DM and NDF degradation parameters were found for Lolium perenne. DM and NDF rumen degradation parameters were successfully predicted from chemical composition, with a single predictor adequate for most parameters. For all parameters R<sup>2</sup>-values increased with addition of more predictors into regression equations. Effective degradability (ED) of DM calculated at a rumen outflow rate (k) of 0.05 h<sup>&ndash;1</sup> was the best predicted by NDF (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.878), and ED of NDF at k = 0.02 h<sup>&ndash;1</sup> by crude protein (CP) (R<sup>2 </sup>= 0.653).

scholarly journals Physicochemical evolution and evaluation of groundwater quality in Mougheul area (Southwest of Algeria)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saliha Mebarki ◽  
Benali Kharroubi ◽  
Mohammed Amin Kendouci
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Calcium Sulfate ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Triangular Diagram ◽  
Wilcox Diagram ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Pressure On Water Resources

AbstractIn arid areas, the pressure on water resources and in particular on groundwater resources is on the rise, mainly due to increasing demand and the deterioration of water quality. In this context, the present work aims to follow the annual evolution, between 2009 and 2019 of the physicochemical parameters, and to evaluate the quality of groundwater of the region of Mougheul, by determining the data of pH, TDS, conductivity and the concentrations of major ions ( Ca+2, Mg+2, Na+, K+, Cl−, HCO3−, SO4−2, NO3−) of 07 water points. The results revealed that all the levels of the physicochemical parameters do not exceed the WHO potability standards, except high values were observed at the level of well W6 which exceeds the limits recommended by the WHO (50 mg /l). The diagram of Schöeller and Berkaloff shows that the groundwater has the bicarbonate magnesium facies. The representation of the data on the Piper triangular diagram shows that W6 has the facies chlorinated and calcium sulfate and magnesium and the other water points have the facies bicarbonate calcium and magnesium. SAR values show that the groundwater of Mougheul is excellent for irrigation. The classification according to the Wilcox diagram shows that the groundwater of Mougheul in general is good quality, but the well of W6 water is suitable for irrigation and requires monitoring the evolution of salinity.

scholarly journals Sorption of Clomazone in Brazilian Soils with Different Physical and Chemical Attributes1

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.A.M. PEREIRA ◽  
L.H. BARCELLOS JR. ◽  
V.A. GONÇALVES ◽  
D.V. SILVA ◽  
A.T. FARIA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Abstract Knowledge ◽  
Analysis Of Similarity ◽  
Brazilian Soils ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Different Soils

ABSTRACT Knowledge of herbicides sorption by colloids predicts its movement in the soil profile and its effectiveness in controlling weeds and crops poisoning when directly applied to the soil. This knowledge becomes even more important for herbicides which have long persistence in the soil. In this research, clomazone sorption was estimated by the biological method in Brazilian soil samples with different physical and chemical characteristics, cultivated with sugarcane crops. As an indicator of the presence of clomazone in the soil, Sorghum bicolor was used. The data relating to assessments of poisoning and accumulation of dry matter of the plants were subjected to multivariate analysis of similarity among variables. After that, clomazone doses that caused 50% of intoxication in sorghum plants grown (C50) as well as sorption ratio (SR) of the herbicide in different soil types were estimated. There was similarity greater than 80% for data regarding the percentage of intoxication and accumulated dry matter, with the option to use only those related to the first variable. RS and C50 were higher in Organosol and lower in red-yellow Latosol with and without changing the pH. It was concluded that the clomazone dose to be recommended must be differentiated for different soils, since the value of clomazone sorption in the soil is dependent on its attributes, and the organic matter content is of the utmost importance.

Survey of Bali bull fattening practices in central Lombok, eastern Indonesia, based on feeding of Sesbania grandiflora

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 1273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dahlanuddin ◽  
Baiq T. Yuliana ◽  
Tanda Panjaitan ◽  
Michael J. Halliday ◽  
Elske van de Fliert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rice Paddy ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Lower Side ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Sesbania Grandiflora ◽  
History Of

A longitudinal survey was conducted in 2013 to document the productivity of the Sesbania grandiflora feeding system for cattle fattening in central Lombok. Sesbania is integrated into the intensive rice-growing region by planting it along the rice bunds surrounding the rice fields. The hamlet of Nyerot in the subdistrict of Jonggat was chosen for the study as it had a long history of successful use of sesbania for fattening Bali bulls. Parameters measured included: area of rice paddy where sesbania could be planted; forage establishment, harvesting and feeding practices; cattle purchases and sales; and monthly liveweight gain. Farmers planted an average of 406 sesbania trees on bunds surrounding 0.6 ha of rice paddy. The median values for the main forages fed (dry matter offered) were harvested elephant grass (78% of diet), sesbania (12% of diet) and other feeds (mainly rice bran) (5% of diet). Sesbania was harvested by lopping the lower side branches of ~6 trees per bull per day and never completely defoliating single trees. The farmers fattened an average of 1.6 bulls at a time achieving a yearly mean liveweight gain of 0.41 kg/bull.day. New bulls were purchased with an average liveweight of 203 kg while the average sale weight was 260 kg. Purchase and sale prices were high at A$3.27 and A$3.29, respectively, while the average fattening period was 5 months. Bull liveweight gains were related to total amount of forage fed. No direct statistically significant link between liveweight gains and amount of sesbania fed was obtained due to the multiple factors that influenced forage and bull management. This survey has provided new insights into the practice of bull fattening in central Lombok. The survey has confirmed the high productivity of the feeding system and has highlighted the opportunity to scale out the use of system to other regions.

scholarly journals Yield and quality of Maralfalfa forage during long days on three dairy farms in northern Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-177
Author(s):  
Rafael Ramos-Santana ◽  
Yamil Quijano-Cabrera ◽  
Raúl Macchiavelli
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Harvest Intervals

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the dry matter yield and quality performance of Maralfalfa forage obtained at six harvest intervals (HI; 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 d) on three dairies in northern Puerto Rico during the long day season. The 40-day harvest interval was significantly (P < 0.05) inferior in dry matter yield to those of 60, 80, and 90 days; no significant (P < 0.05) differences in yield were observed among intervals of 40, 50 and 70 days. The 40-day interval showed the highest forage quality as indicated by crude protein content, digestibility in vitro of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber, and estimated net energy, index of relative forage quality and theoretical milk production. Although significant (P < 0.05) differences were observed in some of these criteria between 40- and 50-day harvest intervals, the latter maintained a good nutritional value in contrast to drastic losses in quality observed with the longer harvest intervals under study. The simple regression equations between digestibility in vitro of dry matter and of neutral detergent fiber versus harvest interval showed a decrease in digestibility of 2.7 and 3.0 percentage points for each additional 10 days of harvest interval, respectively.

scholarly journals The Cytoplasm Origin Influence, the Teser Influence and the Nucleus-Cytoplasm Interactions Influence on Agronomic Traits for Maize Isonuclear Lines

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camelia RACZ ◽  
Ioan HAS ◽  
Voichita HAS ◽  
Teodora ŞCHIOP ◽  
I COSTE
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Nucleus Transfer ◽  
Genetic Value

The maize is one of the most important crops in the world due to its high productivity and multiplexing usage in human nutrition, animal breeding and industry. The isonucleus inbred lines study has been initiated from the demand of clarifying if the cytoplasm source has a positive or negative influence on the corn cars, plants, grain traits and some maize cultural features. The research has been conducted in the experimental field provided by the Maize Breeding laboratory from ARDS Turda, ARDB Târgu-Mureş, ARDS Secuieni, ARDS Livada, ARDS Suceava in 2009. The cell nucleus transfer activity for 12 elite inbred lines on various cytoplasm types has begun in 1992 starting from the assumption that among cytoplasm of different origin could exist differences in the genetic value. The ultimate objective of breeding works is to obtain a higher grain yield and the yield quality to be at the desired level of farmers. For this reason it was studied the effect of different types of cytoplasm on grain yield, kernel dry matter at harvest and unbroken plants percentage at harvest, all these traits are important to achieve secure yield, mechanized harvestable. The kernel dry matter at harvest is one of the indicators of vegetation period, the most used in choice of early single crosses.

scholarly journals Efficacy of organomineral fertilizers derived from biosolid or filter cake on early maize development

2019 ◽  
pp. 662-670
Author(s):  
Mara Lúcia Martins Magela ◽  
Reginaldo de Camargo ◽  
Regina Maria Quintão Lana ◽  
Melissa Cristina de Carvalho Miranda ◽  
Raquel Pinheiro da Mota
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Filter Cake ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Stalk Diameter

In the current world scenario of agriculture it is necessary to find technologies to reach high productivity that are effective in providing soil conditioning improvement for the plants. Thus, this study analyzed the efficacy of organomineral fertilizers formulated with different organic matter sources on growth factors of maize. The experiment was done in a greenhouse at Campus Umuarama, Federal University of Uberlândia-MG, in a randomized block design, as a 2 x 5 + 2 factorial, containing two sources of organic matter, biosolid and filter cake, five doses of P2O5 recommendation for the crop and two additional treatments: mineral fertilization (100% of P2O5 of the recommended dose) and a control (no fertilizer), with four replications. Plant height, stalk diameter, and chlorophyll a and b were determined at 35 days after sowing (DAS); plant height, stalk diameter, shoot and root fresh and dry matter were determined at 65 DAS. The organomineral sources with biosolid and filter cake yielded greater height and diameter at 35 DAS than those of mineral fertilization. Regardless of the fertilizer organic matter source, stalk diameter at 35 DAS presented linear increase with increasing doses of the fertilizer sources. The use of fertilizer based on biosolid resulted in greater shoot fresh matter than the filter cake source, regardless of dose applied. In general, greater results were obtained for root fresh and dry matter at the greater fertilizer doses in comparison with the mineral fertilization. Organomineral fertilizers can be a viable alternative for partial or total substitution of mineral fertilization, since similar or better results were found for maize growth characteristics.

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