scholarly journals Ethos Formula: Liturgy and Rhetorics in the Work of Ted Shawn

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Schwan

Beginning with Giorgio Agamben�s alignment of ethics and potentiality, this essay questions the ethical dimension of gesture in the field of dance as an eminently potentiality-bound art form. This draws on Daniel Sibony�s concept of law and dance, according to which the body simultaneously repels and longs for the law as a nexus of heteronomous structures. I frame this through a revision of Aby Warburg�s rhetorical concept, pathos formula, into the corollary term, ethos formula, as the encoded movement patterns of ethical attitudes or comportments which are motivated by decision-making rather than emotional content. Do gestures and their citation in dance bear an ethical dimension similar to the encoded transmission of emotions through movement?This new concept of ethos formula finds an excellent example in the work of the American choreographer Ted Shawn (1891�1972). His strikingly hybrid use of ethos formula from the 19th century Catholic theorist Fran�ois Delsarte and his parallel practice of quoting liturgical gestures from Protestant church services, pursues the ambiguity and uncanniness of modernity itself. For Shawn�like many other protagonists of modernist dance�argues on the one hand for freeing the body from the boundaries of classical ballet in the name of individual expression, and on the other hand for an instrumentalized body that still clings to principles of taxonomy and normativity.

Author(s):  
Robin Wright

Resumo Este trabalho explora os significados de “Corpo” e “Espírito” em relação a um dos mais importantes personagens na cosmologia Hohodene, o espírito “Guardião da Doença e da Magia”, chamado Kuwai [“Yurupary”, em língua geral]. Este Grande Espírito é uma síntese extraordinariamente complexa da visão Hohodene (e de outros Baniwa, povos falantes do Arawak setentrional). Ele é o “coração/ alma” do seu pai, o Criador Nhiaperikuli, o que implica que ele não é um ser material. O corpo de seu “Espírito” é permeado por buracos, por onde a respiração de sua alma produz uma grande variação de sons, melodias e canções. Todos esses sons, eventualmente, se tornaram canções ancestrais primordiais produzidas por flautas; muitos deles referentes a animais primordiais, peixes ou cantos de pássaros intrinsecamente conectados aos valores e processos reproduzidos pela sociedade Hohodene: parentesco vs afins, feitiçaria contra curandeiros, os primeiros antepassados (que ainda não estavam plenamente humanos) e suas relações. De maneira geral, o Corpo-espírito de Kuwai, depois transformado pelo Pai Criador Nhiaperikuli em flautas e trompetes musicais e sacros, pode ser entendido como os meios de reproduzir a “sociedade” e o “universo”. Além do mais, este trabalho explora “o corpo musical do universo” dos Hohodene. Som e visão são propositalmente conectados como os principais geradores de vida os quais dão princípio e eternamente reproduzirão o mundo. Em minha interpretação, eu busco desvelar as múltiplas camadas de significados relacionadas a esta figura ao utilizar de exegeses nativas que conectam narrativas, representações gráficas (incluindo petroglifos), curas xamânicas e visões, geografia sagrada e cantos sacros. Eu espero mostrar que as noções Hohodene de Self, Cosmos, Ontologia e História estão entrelaçadas em uma abrangente multiplicidade de seres vivos em um ínico material e espiritual “Corpo”. O corpo de Kuwai é considerado o corpo do universo, em que os mundos material e espiritual estão intimamente entrelaçados. Assim, as relações com o mundo espiritual, como as relações com o mundo dos brancos, ou as relações com a categoria de estranhos dentro da sociedade (ou seja, os feiticeiros) são igualmente partes da historicidade indígena no sentido mais básico da palavra, que é a reprodução da sociedade e cosmos no tempo e no espaço. Sociedade não consiste apenas em parentelas (neste caso, fratrias exogâmicas), mas também “outros grupos”, a alteridade, povos fora do círculo de parentelas. A história sagrada para os Baniwa, como lembrado em narrativas e pinturas rupestres, confunde-se com os processos reais e eventos, tais como relações interétnicas com os brancos, e a história das acusações de feitiçaria que deram origem a movimentos proféticos desde o século XIX.  Abstract This paper explores the meanings of “Body” and “Spirit” in relation to one of the most important personages in Hohodene cosmology, the spirit “Owner of Sickness and Sorcery”, named Kuwai. {“Yurupary” in general language] This Great Spirit is an extraordinarily complex synthesis of the Hohodene (and other Baniwa, northern Arawak-speaking peoples) worldview. He is the “heart/ soul” of his father, the Creator Nhiaperikuli, implying that he was not a material being. His spirit “Body” was full of holes from which the breath of his soul produced a very large range of sounds, melodies, and song. All of these sounds eventually became primordial ancestral songs produced by material flutes; many of them refer to primor- dial animal, fish, or birdsongs intrinsically connected to core values and processes reproduced in Hohodene society: kinship vs affines, sorcery vs healers, the first ancestors (who were not yet fully human) and their relations. Taken as a who- le, the spirit-Body of Kuwai, later transformed by the Creator Father Nhiaperikuli into sacred musi- cal flutes and trumpets, can be understood as the means for reproducing ‘society’ and the ‘universe’. Thus, this paper explores the Hohodene “musical body of the universe”. Sound and vision are purposefully connected as the principal life-forces that gave rise to, and will eternally reproduce the world. In my interpretation, I seek to unravel multiple layers of meaning related to this figure by utilizing native exegeses that connect narratives, graphic representations (including petroglyphs), shamanic cures and visions, sacred geography, and sacred chants. I hope to show that Hohode- ne notions of Self, Cosmos, Ontology, and History are intertwined in an all-encompassing multiplicity of living entities into one material and spiritual “Body”. The body of Kuwai is considered the body of the universe, in which the material and spiritual worlds are inextricably interwoven. Thus, relations with the spirit-world, like relations with the world of white men, or relations with the category of outsiders within society (i.e., the sorcerers) are all equally parts of indigenous historicity in the most basic sense of the word, that is, the reproduction of society and cosmos in time and space. Society consists not only of kingroups, (in this case, exogamous phratries), but also, “other groups”, alterity, peoples outside the circle of kingroups. Sacred history for the Baniwa, as remembered in narratives and petroglyphs, is intertwined with actual processes and events such as interethnic relations with the Whites, and the history of sorcery accusations which have given rise to prophet movements ever since the 19th century.   


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (02) ◽  
pp. 123-134
Author(s):  
O. Shylo ◽  

Through his work and pedagogical activity, an outstanding Kharkiv graphic artist, professor of Kharkiv Art Institute Hryhoriy Bondarenko connected today’s artistic practice with the great traditions of art, to which he belonged. In the 1910s, H. Bondarenko studied at the Odessa Art School, with K. Kostandi; in 1915–1917 – at the Academy of Arts; and in 1923–1927 at Leningrad VKhUTEIN with K. S. Petrov-Vodkin and V. M. Konashevich. A chain of artistic tradition was formed in VKhUTEIN: K. Petrov-Vodkin – V. Serov – I. Repin – P. Chistyakov. With his pedagogical activity Chistyakov poses the problem of the creative method, and Repin – of the art form. Serov approaches its solution in the idea of projection drawing. Petrov-Vodkin supplemented it with an understanding of picture plane as space. Bondarenko synthesized all these aspects. His creative method is considered on the example of a number of his graphic works. It is based on three main points. The first is a double understanding of the picture plane on which the image is made. It is thought of, on the one hand, as a projection plane and, on the other hand, as space. The second is a combination of projections. The third is the understanding of the image as a way of processing the surface of the sheet. Among the students of H. Bondarenko, perceived this creative method, there were such well-known masters as V. Kulikov, V. Lenchin, V. Nenado. Each of them developed those aspects of the method that were organic to them. The universality, harmony and consistency of the analyzed creative method are shown in the article. It is based on a holistic worldview. Two great traditions, the successor, contemporary and continuer of which he was, merged together in H. Bondarenko’s creative activity and pedagogical work: the classical art of the 19th century, and new art of the 20th century, which itself has become a new classic and a new tradition.


Prospects ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 87-110
Author(s):  
Zoe Detsi-Diamanti

This essay offers insights into the American nation's persistent denial and deep-seated fears of its own inextricably multicultural identity at the time of the American Revolution and the first half of the 19th century. American imperialism, and perhaps this is true of all imperialisms, was founded upon a stable hierarchical relationship between “civilized” and “savage.” Rhetorically, indigenous tribespeople seem to have fitted Frantz Fanon's description of “the realotherwhom the white man perceived on the level of the body image, absolutely as the non-self – that is, the unidentifiable, the unassimilable” (161 n.). On the one hand, the imperialistic drive across the continent in the name of Manifest Destiny, and, on the other, the nation's wishful thinking to constrict the boundaries ofAmerican identityinto a fixed, pure and homogeneous body of values, unleashed the forces of cultural exclusion. In this essay, I try to show how the dominant white society's narcissistic view of itself as an empire operating under the auspices of Divine Providence actually resulted in a series of political acts of nativist violence. I have deliberately chosen to focus on the dramatic literature of the 19th century as a still largely unexplored territory of American literature in order to trace and expose the contradictory representations of the Native American as both historically absent and integral to the nation's conception of its own identity as the “center.”The palefaces are all around us, and they tread in blood. The blaze of our burning wigwams flashes awfully in the darkness of their path. We are destroyed — not vanquished; we are no more, yet we are forever.


Author(s):  
Fiona Macintosh ◽  
Justine McConnell

Telling tales with the body was generally despised as a ‘lowbrow’ art form in the ballet world of the twentieth century—and there are still many practitioners and dance scholars who share this view. For most of the twentieth century, storytelling was not deemed to be something to which classical ballet should aspire. From the perspective of the new millennium, however, things look rather different. Stories are no longer eschewed by choreographers; indeed, it may well be possible to detect what one might term a ‘narrative’ turn in the classical ballet repertoire, where the ancient Greek and Roman epics are often providing the subject matter for these works. Chapter 4 explores the reasons behind twentieth-century ballet’s resistance to narrative and seeks to offer some thoughts on this early twenty-first-century narrative re-turn. This narrative eschewal in ballet matters because it has had profound repercussions beyond the world of dance, not least in the world of theatrical performance, where plotless dance is regularly invoked as a model for postdramatic theatre.


2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-381
Author(s):  
Margot Gayle Backus ◽  
Spurgeon Thompson

As virtually all Europe's major socialist parties re-aligned with their own national governments with the outbreak of World War I, Irish socialist and trade unionist James Connolly found himself internationally isolated by his vociferous opposition to the war. Within Ireland, however, Connolly's energetic and relentless calls to interrupt the imperial transportation and communications networks on which the ‘carnival of murder’ in Europe relied had the converse effect, drawing him into alignment with certain strains of Irish nationalism. Connolly and other socialist republican stalwarts like Helena Molony and Michael Mallin made common cause with advanced Irish nationalism, the one other constituency unamenable to fighting for England under any circumstances. This centripetal gathering together of two minority constituencies – both intrinsically opposed, if not to the war itself, certainly to Irish Party leader John Redmond's offering up of the Irish Volunteers as British cannon fodder – accounts for the “remarkably diverse” social and ideological character of the small executive body responsible for the planning of the Easter Rising: the Irish Republican Brotherhood's military council. In effect, the ideological composition of the body that planned the Easter Rising was shaped by the war's systematic diversion of all individuals and ideologies that could be co-opted by British imperialism through any possible argument or material inducement. Although the majority of those who participated in the Rising did not share Connolly's anti-war, pro-socialist agenda, the Easter 1916 Uprising can nonetheless be understood as, among other things, a near letter-perfect instantiation of Connolly's most steadfast principle: that it was the responsibility of every European socialist to throw onto the gears of the imperialist war machine every wrench on which they could lay their hands.


2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric R. Scerri

<span>The very nature of chemistry presents us with a tension. A tension between the exhilaration of diversity of substances and forms on the one hand and the safety of fundamental unity on the other. Even just the recent history of chemistry has been al1 about this tension, from the debates about Prout's hypothesis as to whether there is a primary matter in the 19th century to the more recent speculations as to whether computers will enable us to virtually dispense with experimental chemistry.</span>


Author(s):  
Lisa Sousa

The Woman Who Turned Into a Jaguar examines gender relations in indigenous societies of central Mexico and Oaxaca from the 1520s to the 1750s, focusing mainly on the Nahua, Ñudzahui (Mixtec), Bènizàa (Zapotec), and Ayuk (Mixe) people. This study draws on an unusually rich and diverse corpus of original sources, including Ñudzahui- (Mixtec-), Tíchazàa- (Zapotec-), and mainly Nahuatl-language and Spanish civil and criminal records, published texts, and pictorial manuscripts. The sources come from more than 100 indigenous communities of highland Mexico. The book considers women’s lives in the broadest context possible by addressing a number of interrelated topics, including: the construction of gender; concepts of the body; women’s labor; marriage rituals and marital relations; sexual attitudes; family structure; the relationship between household and community; and women’s participation in riots and other acts of civil disobedience. The study highlights subtle transformations and overwhelming continuities in indigenous social attitudes and relationships. The book argues that profound changes following the Spanish conquest, such as catastrophic depopulation, economic pressures, and the imposition of Christian marriage, slowly eroded indigenous women’s status. Nevertheless, gender relations remained inherently complementary. The study shows how native women and men under colonial rule, on the one hand, pragmatically accepted, adopted, and adapted certain Spanish institutions, concepts, and practices, and, on the other, forcefully rejected other aspects of colonial impositions. Women asserted their influence and, in doing so, they managed to retain an important position within their households and communities across the first two centuries of colonial rule.


2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 488-495
Author(s):  
Cláudia Martins ◽  
Sérgio Ferreira

AbstractThe linguistic rights of Mirandese were enshrined in Portugal in 1999, though its “discovery” dates back to the very end of the 19th century at the hands of Leite de Vasconcellos. For centuries, it was the first or only language spoken by people living in the northeast of Portugal, particularly the district of Miranda do Douro. As a minority language, it has always moved among three dimensions. On the one hand, the need to assert and defend this language and have it acknowledged by the country, which proudly believe(d) in their monolingual history. Unavoidably, this has ensued the action of translation, especially active from the mid of the 20th century onwards, with an emphasis on the translation of the Bible and Portuguese canonical literature, as well as other renowned literary forms (e.g. The Adventures of Asterix). Finally, the third axis lies in migration, either within Portugal or abroad. Between the 1950s and the 1960s, Mirandese people were forced to leave Miranda do Douro and villages in the outskirts in the thousands. They fled not only due to the deeply entrenched poverty, but also the almost complete absence of future prospects, enhanced by the fact that they were regarded as not speaking “good” Portuguese, but rather a “charra” language, and as ignorant backward people. This period coincided with the building of dams on the river Douro and the cultural and linguistic shock that stemmed from this forceful contact, which exacerbated their sense of not belonging and of social shame. Bearing all this in mind, we seek to approach the role that migration played not only in the assertion of Mirandese as a language in its own right, but also in the empowerment of new generations of Mirandese people, highly qualified and politically engaged in the defence of this minority language, some of whom were former migrants. Thus, we aim to depict Mirandese’s political situation before and after the endorsement of the Portuguese Law no. 7/99.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caleb Liang ◽  
Wen-Hsiang Lin ◽  
Tai-Yuan Chang ◽  
Chi-Hong Chen ◽  
Chen-Wei Wu ◽  
...  

AbstractBody ownership concerns what it is like to feel a body part or a full body as mine, and has become a prominent area of study. We propose that there is a closely related type of bodily self-consciousness largely neglected by researchers—experiential ownership. It refers to the sense that I am the one who is having a conscious experience. Are body ownership and experiential ownership actually the same phenomenon or are they genuinely different? In our experiments, the participant watched a rubber hand or someone else’s body from the first-person perspective and was touched either synchronously or asynchronously. The main findings: (1) The sense of body ownership was hindered in the asynchronous conditions of both the body-part and the full-body experiments. However, a strong sense of experiential ownership was observed in those conditions. (2) We found the opposite when the participants’ responses were measured after tactile stimulations had ceased for 5 s. In the synchronous conditions of another set of body-part and full-body experiments, only experiential ownership was blocked but not body ownership. These results demonstrate for the first time the double dissociation between body ownership and experiential ownership. Experiential ownership is indeed a distinct type of bodily self-consciousness.


2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung-ah Choi ◽  
Jae Hoon Lim

AbstractThis paper is a self-reflective narrative of our teaching experience as two immigrant Asian female professors who teach Multicultural Education. Employing collaborative autoethnography (CAE), the study addresses the issues of authority, positionality, and legitimacy of knowledge claims in critical feminist pedagogy. Two research questions guided our inquiry: 1. How does a teacher’s racial positionality play out in exercising professional knowledge, and conversely, 2. How does seemingly neutral professional knowledge become racialized in the discussions of race? Major findings demonstrate the double-edged contradictions in the body/knowledge nexus manifested in our everyday teaching contexts. On the one hand, the bodily dimension of teacher knowledge is de-racialized because of institutional norms and cultures. On the other hand, there are times professional knowledge becomes racialized through the teacher’s body. Understanding the body/knowledge nexus that invites precarious power dynamics in racial discussions and even blatantly dismisses our professional knowledge, we, as an immigrant faculty of color, find it impossible to create a safe environment for participatory, critical discourse. Acknowledging our triple marginality, we put forth the concept of “pedagogy of fear” (Leonardo, Z., & Porter, R. K. (2010). Pedagogy of fear: Toward a Fanonian theory of ‘safety’ in race dialogue. Race, Ethnicity and Education, 13(2), 139–157) which squarely disrupts the idea of a safe environment in race dialog and urges teachers to confront their own/their students’ fear and create a space of teaching vulnerably.


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