scholarly journals Drought tolerance of hybrid tea rose varieties in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-104
Author(s):  
Svitlana Vaskivska
Keyword(s):  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Water Deficiency ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Level ◽  
Field And Laboratory Conditions

Purpose. To reveal drought resistance of hybrid tea rose varieties of garden group in field and laboratory conditions. Methods. Field, biometric, laboratory, statistical. The drought resistance of plants in the field was assessed according to S. S. Pyatnitsky 6-point scale (1961); experiments in the laboratory were to determine the water hol­ding capacity of leaves, their water deficiency, the ability to restore turgor, hydration of tissues according to the unified method of the Institute of Horticulture NAAS (Kytaiev et al., 1998, 2009). Results. According to visual observations in periods with low moisture supply, leaf turgor did not decrease, so in the field, drought resistance of hybrid tea roses was estimated at 5 points on a 6-point scale. In the laboratory, water deficiency in the leaves was calculated (as a percentage of the total water content in the state of full saturation). According to the indicators of the water-holding capacity of leaf tissues, varieties with the level of moisture loss in the exposure after 12 hours from the lowest to the highest, were selected. Conclusions. All varieties of hybrid tea roses from the collection of M. M. Gryshko NBG of NAS of Ukraine, included in the experiment, in field conditions were rather drought-resistant. According to the indicators of drought resistance of leaves from 44 model varieties, 9 with low (up to 22.30%), 5 with medium (up to 24.37%), 30 with high and very high level of moisture loss were identified (27.23–46.47%). Analysis of the research results shows that the physiological processes associated with water loss are a variety-specific, genetically inherited trait. Varieties of hybrid tea roses of diffe­rent geographical origin, which showed the criterion of drought resistance from medium to highest, can be recommended for cultivation in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.

scholarly journals Drought resistance of English roses varieties in the conditions of the Right-bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-65
Author(s):  
D. S. Gordienko ◽  
O. L. Rubtsova ◽  
T. O. Buidina ◽  
V. I. Chizhankova ◽  
O. F. Rozhok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The Right ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Field And Laboratory Conditions

Purpose. To study the drought resistance of plants of English roses varieties. Methods. Field, anatomical, biometric. The drought resistance of plants in the field was assessed according to S. S. Pyatnitsky 6-point scale (1961). The number of stomata per unit area of the leaf blade was determined using a JSM-6700F scanning electron microscope (JEOL, Tokyo, Japan).  Results. The drought resistance of plants of English rose varieties was investigated both in the field and laboratory conditions. According to visual observations, during periods with a low level of moisture supply, leaf turgor did not decrease; therefore, the field drought resistance of all varieties was estimated at 5 points. According to the parameters of stomatal density per unit of leaf area, varieties that have the maximum and minimum values of this indicator were identified. Conclusions. It was found that all studied varieties of English roses from the collection of the State Dendrological Park “Alexandria” of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine are quite drought-resistant in the field. But they differed significantly in the density of stomata per unit area. The largest average number of stomata per 0.5 mm2 (163.67±7.93 pcs.) was recorded in the variety ‘Alan Titchmarsh’, the lowest (47.67±1.94) – in ‘Charles Austin’. Comparison of data on leaf morphology of English roses and stomata density showed that varieties with smaller leaf sizes (‘Cottage Rose’, ‘Fisherman Friend’, ‘Noble Antony’, ‘Crocus Rose’) have a greater number of stomata per unit area, which indicates their high drought resistance. The data obtained from field and laboratory studies will be taken into account in the formation of recommendations on the use of roses for landscaping urban areas, where plants may find themselves in more extreme conditions than in an arboretum.

Assessment of blackberry varieties suitable for growing in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe part of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
pp. 201-206
Author(s):  
L. Shubenko ◽  
S. Shokh ◽  
Kumanska Yu.
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Maximum Weight ◽  
Yield Level ◽  
High Yields ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Level ◽  
The University

The research aimed to study the productivity of blackberry foreign varieties (Rubus subgenus Rubus Watson) in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe part of Ukraine as they are attractive for production due to their fruit taste and appearance. The task was to establish the beginning and duration of fruiting of blackberry varieties, to determine the yield level and the quality of the berries. A fi eld experiment was conducted on the experimental fi eld of the Scientific and Research Center of BNAU to assess the productivity of blackberry varieties. The studies were started in the spring of 2017 on blackberry seedlings with growing the culture in vitro in the biotechnological laboratory of the university. The tests included 5 varieties with climbing shoots: Smoothstem, Thornfree, Black Satin, Triple Crown, Arapaho. According to the results of observations, it was found that for two years of fruiting among the studied varieties, the earliest production was received in the Arapaho variety, in the first decade of July. Triple Crown, with the fi rst fruits ripened on August 2, was characterized by late fruiting. The Triple Crown variety diff ered by the longest period of berry coming – 35 days. The yield obtained in a year after planting is not an indicator of long-term crop yields. However, the Triple Crown variety diff ered by the highest yield in the fi rst year of fruiting, with an average of 3.7 kg of berries obtained from a bush. High yields were also observed in the Smoothstem variety. Black Satin variety was characterized by the high level of yield growth for over two years of fruiting, which amounted to 80 %. The largest in the fi rst years of fruiting were Triple Crown fruits with an average weight of 11.1 g. The maximum weight of individual berries of this variety reached 17.7 g. The Arapaho variety also stood out with its large fruits of 8.5 g on average. Some fruits reached a maximum weight of 12.1 g. Key words: blackberry, the beginning of fruiting, productivity, average weight of berries, duration of products supply.

scholarly journals Economic and energy efficiency of growing different varieties of meadow clamp for feed purposes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-27
Author(s):  
G.I. Demidas ◽  
◽  
I.V. Galushko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Nodule Bacteria ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Field And Laboratory Conditions

Establish changes in the indicators of economic and energy efficiency of growing different varieties of clover for fodder purposes, depending on the methods of sowing, inoculation of seeds with nodule bacteria and fertilizers. Methods. Field and laboratory - for research in the field and laboratory conditions, analytical - to determine the chemical composition of the dry biomass of meadow clover, calculated - to determine the indicators of economic and energy efficiency. Growing meadow clover for fodder purposes on chernozems of typical low-humus northern part of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine is profitable. Regardless of the elements of technology, it provides 14962-23743 UAH of net profit with a profitability of 88-259 % and the cost of 1 ton of feed units – 1415-2662 UAH and crude protein – 5363-10265 UAH, payback of energy consumption per 1 ha gross energy (KEE) – 6.2-9.0 and the output of 1 ha of exchange energy (BEC) – 3,2-4,6, as well as energy costs per 1 ton of feed units 2.86-4.20 GJ. The best indicators of economic and energy efficiency of meadow clover cultivation are provided by the Typhoon variety by inoculation of seeds with nodule bacteria on a background without fertilizers. Additional application of P60K90 or N60P60K90 on the background of inoculation, which is necessary to maintain soil fertility, worsens them, reducing the net profit by 3486-5943 UAH per ha.

scholarly journals Study of water regime parameters in apples during drought

2019 ◽  
pp. 62-66
Author(s):  
Z. E. Ozherelieva ◽  
N. G. Krasova ◽  
A. M. Galasheva
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Water Deficiency ◽  
Drought Modeling ◽  
Crown Shape ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Standard Cultivar

Relevance. Recently, the number of hot and dry years has increased significantly. Under the influence of drought, the leaves of the apple tree prematurely fall, the ovaries and fruits fall off, which significantly affects on the yield. In this regard, the study of the water regime of apple remains relevant under drought conditions.Methods. The studies were carried out on the basis of the laboratory of physiology of fruit plant resistance at VNIISPK in 2016-2017. Apple cultivars of the VNIISPK breeding growing on the semi-dwarf rootstock 54-118 were studied. Antonovka Obyknovennaya was taken as a standard cultivar. The experiments were laid in 2013, the spacing scheme was 5 m x 3 m. The crown shape is of spindle type. The row-spacing and near-trunk stripes are kept under the fall fallow. The method of artificial dehydration was used to determine drought resistance of apple cultivars. The apple cultivars were studied with the aim to determine the physiological parameters of water regime relative to their drought resistance.Results. As a result of the two-year studies, the cultivars were characterized by the average content of water in leaves (61.2-65.1%). Water deficiency in most varieties was optimal in the field and did not exceed 10.0%. The increase in water deficiency in apple leaves was noted in drought modeling. For two years, of the leaf tissues water deficiency was in leaves of the Veniaminovskoye cultivar both in the field (5.2%) and after drought modeling (22.4%). During the growing season, the distribution of precipitation and temperature during the passage of individual phenophases by apple plants influenced the overall water content in the leaf tissues. The decrease of the water content in the leaf tissues and the increase of water deficiency were observed when dry conditions occurred. The decrease of the water regime and water deficiency in leaves was notes to a greater extent during the formation of fruits. It was found that all of the studied apple cultivars had an average level of resistance to drought. The study of water regime parameters showed that Veniaminovskoye was characterized by more stable indices and this indicated greater resistance to drought. 

scholarly journals Effectiveness of chemical protection of chickpea crops depending on the effect of different herbicides and seed rates

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
Y. Makuch ◽  
S. Moshkivska ◽  
V. Smih
Keyword(s):  
Stocking Density ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
High Yields ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Level ◽  
Favorable Conditions

Goal. Search and evaluate the effectiveness of herbicides and their compositions in chickpea crops. On the basis of research to prepare a comprehensive system of protection of chickpea crops from the presence of weeds, which ensures high yields and is economically and environmentally feasible in the conditions of the Right-bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The experiments were based on the following scheme: Factor A (weed protection): 1. Net control; 2. Harsh control; 3. Fabian, D.Sc. 0.1 kg/ha; 4. Bazagran, bp — 2.5 l/ha; 5. Reiser, k.e. 2.0 l/ha. Factor B (seeding rate): Seeding rate, thousand pieces / ha —500; 600; 700. Results. One way to increase the competition of chickpea plants with weeds can be to increase the stocking density of cultivated plants. It is also known that the combination of several methods of crop care contributes to the overall increase of their effect. By identifying a critical period of competitive interaction between chickpeas and weeds, it is possible to take action on the latter before they cause significant damage to the crop. Competitive reciprocity and harmfulness of weeds in chickpea crops is observed throughout the entire period of crop development. A significant decrease in productivity is observed in the presence of 10 weed plants per square meter. Increased weed density of up to 25 pc/m2 showed a 23.7% decrease in crop yield. Conclusions. On the basis of the conducted researches it is possible to make a generalization that in the conditions of humus soils of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, when applying herbicides on chickpea crops, the best results in weed control were obtained with the introduction of Fabian, dr. application rate of 0.1 kg/ha and Bazagran, pp. 2.5 l/ha. The most favorable conditions of formation of biological productivity and realization of high level of productivity of chickpea plants are observed at the norms of sowing of seeds of 600 thousand pieces/ha.

scholarly journals BREEDING OF DROUGHT-RESISTANT SOYBEAN VARIETIES UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liudmyla Biliavska ◽  
◽  
Yurii Biliavskyi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Resistance ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
State Register ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Winter Crops ◽  
Meteorological Observations ◽  
High Level ◽  
Climatic Characteristics ◽  
Growing Region

Thus, the primary task of breeding is to create varieties that combine high yield with drought resistance. It is important to have a sufficiently high level of adaptability of the variety to the conditions of the growing region, where the variety remains the main reserve for resource conservation and intensification of agricultural production in Ukraine. Generally accepted methods are used, namely scientific, special, laboratory, mathematical and statistical. In conditions of insufficient moisture, the use of early maturing and very early maturing varieties is relevant. Indicators of soybean yield in all oblasts of Ukraine are provided. According to the results of the analysis of 17-year meteorological observations, it was found that the climatic characteristics of Poltava oblast became more arid. The dynamics of indicators of the soybean gross yield in Poltava oblast (2002–2018) is analyzed against the background of the amount of precipitation during the growing season (4–8 months). In the research laboratory of Breeding, Seed Production and Varietal Soybean Agrotechnics of Poltava State Agrarian University, it was created Almaz, Antratsyt, Adamos, Aleksandryt, Akvamaryn, Avantiuryn soybean varieties, which were listed the State Register of Plant Varieties Suitable for Spreading in Ukraine. Indicators of agricultural suitability of these varieties and their advantages are presented. Varieties of Poltava breeding are distinguished by drought resistance, resistance to diseases and pests, non-lodging, when the seeds mature, the beans do not crack. These varieties are guaranteed predecessors for winter crops in the Steppe and Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.

scholarly journals Winter resistance and frost resistance of representatives of the genus Cotinus Mill. in the conditions of the Right Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 164-175
Author(s):  
Valentina Oksantyuk ◽  
Larysa Koldar
Keyword(s):  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Crown Shape ◽  
The Right ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Aim. The goal is to assess the winter and frost resistance of plants of representatives of the genus Cotinus Mill. from the collection of the National Dendrological Park "Sofiyivka" of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the Botanical Garden named after Academician Alexander Fomin of the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Methods. The frost resistance of plants was investigated in the laboratory of plant physiology of the Institute of Horticulture of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, by the method of direct freezing of shoots during the period of forced dormancy of plants. The intensity of damage (browning) of tissues on transverse sections of shoots was assessed using a six-point scale by M. A. Solov'eva (1982). The objects of study were plants C. obovatus Raf., C. coggygria Scop., C. coggygria 'Royal Purple', C. coggygria 'Purpurea'. Winter hardiness was assessed visually on an eight-point scale by S. Ia. Sokolov, (1957). Results. According to estimates of the general freezing of plants in the winter period of 2014–2020, minor injuries were found in all representatives of the genus Cotinus, which were estimated at 1–2 points. The results of experimental studies of plant frost resistance showed that in most variants of the experiment, the tissues of the upper internode and buds froze more. The tissues of the medial part of the shoot turned out to be the most resistant to freezing. According to the results of artificial freeze testing of cut shoots of C. coggygria and C. coggygria 'Royal Purple", sampled in the period of forced dormancy of plants, insignificant tissue damage was revealed at freezing temperature of –25 °С and –30 °С (0.63–1.70), only at temperature of –35 °C, the score of bark damage was 2.3–2.5 points. Conclusions. The low temperatures of the winter period of the study area cannot be considered as limiting abiotic factors that limit the widespread use of the studied representatives of the genus Cotinus in landscape construction. The high potential of frost and winter hardiness of the studied taxa gives grounds to test them in the more northern regions of the Right Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine to create garden and park compositions, because due to high decorative flowering and specific crown shape they have an attractive appearance in both group and solitary plantations.

scholarly journals Ginkgo biloba L. drought resistance assessment in the conditions of introduction in the National Dendrological Park “Sofiyivka” of NAS of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 291-299
Author(s):  
N. V. Tsybrovska ◽  
Y. N. Mazur
Keyword(s):  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Ginkgo Biloba ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Laboratory Techniques ◽  
Resistance Assessment ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Degree

Introduction of an important importance acquires issues of drought resistance of plants that are closely linked to the problems of studying the water regime. The main negative consequence of modern warming is drought. Therefore, we have been conducted by drought resistance to G. biloba and its varieties of G. biloba 'Mariken' and 'Troll', which were compared with the indicators of the water mode of the aboriginal leaves for the Right-Bank of Forest-Steppe of Ukraine species Carpinuз betuluз L. and Acer platanoideз L. Determination of the actual and potential drought resistance of the plant studied was carried out with the help of field and laboratory techniques. It is found that all G. biloba plants are characterized by high actual drought resistance. G. biloba plants by most of the water regime exceeds the value of aboriginal species C. betuluз and A. platanoideз. This indicates a high degree of acclimatization and wide plasticity G. biloba to the conditions of introduction.

scholarly journals Sources of chickpea genotypes with high level of main economically valuable characteristics for breeding in conditions of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

1970 ◽  
pp. 30-44
Author(s):  
M. I. Kondratenko ◽  
O. V. Bushulyan ◽  
V. D. Buhayov
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Laboratory Assessment ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Sum Of Effective Temperatures ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Level

Purpose. The aim of the study was to identify samples of chickpeas with economically valuable traits on the ground of the basic collection of parent material as a source of traits for breeding in conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine; to systematize them by yielding capacity, elements of crop structure, duration of the growing season, morphological features, areas of use in accordance with the two main groups of culture morphotypes – kabuli and desi – in order to plan areas of breeding. Methods. Field (conducting phenological observations), laboratory (assessment of the studied material). Results. 223 samples of chickpeas originating from different countries of Asia and Europe were screened in order to determine their breeding value in conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. It is established that promising for selection in such conditions are samples originating from Russia, Syria and India, as well as varieties and new highperformance lines obtained from Plant Breeding and Genetics Institute – National Center of seed and cultivar investigation of NAAS of Ukraine, characterized by a set of features such as grain productivity (number of beans per plant, weight of 1000 seeds and others), and suitability for the mechanized harvesting (height of the plant, height of attachment of the lower bean and others). The studies were conducted in contrasting conditions of two years, 2018 and 2019, which differed significantly in the amount of precipitation and the sum of effective temperatures, and the nature of their distribution during the growing season, which allowed to obtain more objective information about breeding material. The nature of variability of the main economically valuable traits by groups of morphotypes as well as correlations between them is determined, this will allow to make targeted selections in breeding for the above mentioned traits, using this experimental material as genetic sources. Conclusions. A set of chickpea samples of different ecological and geographical origin with valuable breeding traits have been identified, which can be used as genetic sources in practical selection to create new varieties with specified parameters in conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The selected sources were unique in one feature as well as combined a set of features.

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