scholarly journals BREEDING OF DROUGHT-RESISTANT SOYBEAN VARIETIES UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liudmyla Biliavska ◽  
◽  
Yurii Biliavskyi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Resistance ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
State Register ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Winter Crops ◽  
Meteorological Observations ◽  
High Level ◽  
Climatic Characteristics ◽  
Growing Region

Thus, the primary task of breeding is to create varieties that combine high yield with drought resistance. It is important to have a sufficiently high level of adaptability of the variety to the conditions of the growing region, where the variety remains the main reserve for resource conservation and intensification of agricultural production in Ukraine. Generally accepted methods are used, namely scientific, special, laboratory, mathematical and statistical. In conditions of insufficient moisture, the use of early maturing and very early maturing varieties is relevant. Indicators of soybean yield in all oblasts of Ukraine are provided. According to the results of the analysis of 17-year meteorological observations, it was found that the climatic characteristics of Poltava oblast became more arid. The dynamics of indicators of the soybean gross yield in Poltava oblast (2002–2018) is analyzed against the background of the amount of precipitation during the growing season (4–8 months). In the research laboratory of Breeding, Seed Production and Varietal Soybean Agrotechnics of Poltava State Agrarian University, it was created Almaz, Antratsyt, Adamos, Aleksandryt, Akvamaryn, Avantiuryn soybean varieties, which were listed the State Register of Plant Varieties Suitable for Spreading in Ukraine. Indicators of agricultural suitability of these varieties and their advantages are presented. Varieties of Poltava breeding are distinguished by drought resistance, resistance to diseases and pests, non-lodging, when the seeds mature, the beans do not crack. These varieties are guaranteed predecessors for winter crops in the Steppe and Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.

WINTER WHEAT SELECTION IN CENTRAL CHERNOZEM REGION

1970 ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
G. G. Goleva ◽  
Т. G. Vashchenko ◽  
N. Т. Pavlyuk ◽  
V. V. Znamenskaya ◽  
V. I. Pushkareva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Selective Breeding ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
State Register ◽  
State Commission ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
High Yielding Varieties ◽  
High Level ◽  
Selection Of

Research results, which were conducted in the forest-steppe of the Central Black Earth Region in the years 2000-2016, are presented. They were carried out in order to find new approaches to the selection of parental components in hybridization to make varieties of winter soft wheat with a high level of productivity, resistant to abiotic environmental factors. Agrotechnology - generally accepted in the region, research material- is the crop structure data of variety samples and hybrids from breeding nurseries. The experiments were conducted according to generally accepted methods, statistical analysis of data was carried out using the Statistica 6.1. The contingency was estimated by the Spearman coefficient, the contribution of factor signs to the resultant one was estimated by the method of multiple regression using the coefficient Beta (β). It is established that hybrids of winter wheat are characterized by higher polymorphism, the appearance of favorable transgressions. Their parental forms are selected by morphological and biological features according to the principle of different quality. When selecting high-yielding varieties which are resistant to lodging, it is advisable to make crossing, contrasting in height, forms with different spike lengths. Using the proposed methods, hybrids which are responsive to environmental conditions were made. They were used in the selection of the intensive winter wheat cultivar Alaya Zarya (since 2011 it's included in the State Register of Selective Breeding Results of the Russian Federation in the fifth region). In a number of hybrids, the contribution to the productivity of their elements practically does not depend on the conditions of the growing season, they are the basis for making the Alexia variety for organic farming (it is in State Commission of the Russian Federation on Testing and Protection of Selective Breeding Results).

scholarly journals Drought tolerance of hybrid tea rose varieties in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-104
Author(s):  
Svitlana Vaskivska
Keyword(s):  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Water Deficiency ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Level ◽  
Field And Laboratory Conditions

Purpose. To reveal drought resistance of hybrid tea rose varieties of garden group in field and laboratory conditions. Methods. Field, biometric, laboratory, statistical. The drought resistance of plants in the field was assessed according to S. S. Pyatnitsky 6-point scale (1961); experiments in the laboratory were to determine the water hol­ding capacity of leaves, their water deficiency, the ability to restore turgor, hydration of tissues according to the unified method of the Institute of Horticulture NAAS (Kytaiev et al., 1998, 2009). Results. According to visual observations in periods with low moisture supply, leaf turgor did not decrease, so in the field, drought resistance of hybrid tea roses was estimated at 5 points on a 6-point scale. In the laboratory, water deficiency in the leaves was calculated (as a percentage of the total water content in the state of full saturation). According to the indicators of the water-holding capacity of leaf tissues, varieties with the level of moisture loss in the exposure after 12 hours from the lowest to the highest, were selected. Conclusions. All varieties of hybrid tea roses from the collection of M. M. Gryshko NBG of NAS of Ukraine, included in the experiment, in field conditions were rather drought-resistant. According to the indicators of drought resistance of leaves from 44 model varieties, 9 with low (up to 22.30%), 5 with medium (up to 24.37%), 30 with high and very high level of moisture loss were identified (27.23–46.47%). Analysis of the research results shows that the physiological processes associated with water loss are a variety-specific, genetically inherited trait. Varieties of hybrid tea roses of diffe­rent geographical origin, which showed the criterion of drought resistance from medium to highest, can be recommended for cultivation in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.

scholarly journals Resource potential of soft spring wheat varieties for the conditions of Western Siberia and Omsk region (analytical review)

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-465
Author(s):  
Igor A. Belan ◽  
Lyudmila P. Rosseeva ◽  
Natalia P. Blokhina ◽  
Yuri P. Grigoriev ◽  
Yaroslava V. Mukhina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
State Register ◽  
High Level ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The article is devoted to the review and analysis of varietal resources of soft spring wheat cultivated in the conditions of Western Siberia. For 2020, 261 varieties of this crop are included into the State Register of the Russian Federation, including 97 varieties (36.8 %) created by breeders of 15 institutions in the West Siberian region. In the Omsk region, depending on the climatic zone, the largest areas are occupied by the following varieties: mid-early – Omskaya 36 (242.16 thousand hectares), Pamyati Azieva (59.94 thousand hectares), Boevchanka (48.27 thousand hectares), Novosibirskaya 31 (36.3 thousand hectares); mid-season – Omskaya 38 (82.91 thousand hectares), OmGAU 90 (52.84 thousand hectares), Sigma (49.99 thousand hectares), Altaiskaya zhnitsa (35.2 thousand hectares); mid-late – Uralosibirskaya (145.72 thousand hectares), Melodiya (59.53 thousand hectares), Omskaya 28 (57.41 thousand hectares), Pavlogradka (67.31 thousand hectares), Element 22 (65.87 thousand hectares), Omskaya 35 (41.7 thousand ha). The joint creation of varieties with scientists from the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences made it possible to use, along with collection samples and selection varieties, alloplasmatic introgressive lines of soft wheat carrying the cytoplasm of the cultivated barley Hordeumvulgare L. As the result, there have been developed Sigma, Uralosibirskaya 2, Ishimskaya 11 and Sakmara varieties with a high level of resistance to stem and leaf rust and a medium level to powdery mildew. Due to the massive increase of the leaf and stem rust, varieties with a high level of resistance to these pathogens have been created and recommended for cultivation – Omskaya 38, Sigma, Uralosibirskaya, Uralosibirskaya 2 and Element 22. In the main grain-growing soil-climatic territories of the Omsk region, 15 droughts have been recorded over the past 45 years. Thus, a method for in vitro testing of drought resistance has been developed. Varieties with increased drought resistance and high level of stem rust resistance (Omskaya 37, Omskaya 38, Uralosibirskaya and Omskaya 42) in drought-specific and epiphytotic 2020 exceeded the standard varieties by 0.90-1.74 t / ha in yield. Of special interest among new varieties are Omskaya 42, Uralosibirskaya 2, OmGAU 100, Stolypinskaya 2, Lider 80 and Omskaya 44. It is concluded that close cooperation with Institutes of the Russian Academy of Sciences and other scientific institutions is necessary in order to create varieties that combine increased productivity with resistance to unfavorable biotic and abiotic environmental factors.

EFFICIENCY OF FERTILIZER APPLICATION WAY AT CULTIVATION OF MIDDLE-EARLY MATURING POTATO VARIETIES ON GRAY FOREST SOILS OF FOREST-STEPPE ZONE OF MIDDLE VOLGA

10.12737/7741 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 111-115
Author(s):  
Гайнутдинов ◽  
Marat Gaynutdinov ◽  
Владимиров ◽  
Vladimir Vladimirov ◽  
Чекмарев ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Application Method ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
High Level

The studies revealed the role of fertilizers application method, under the influence of which there was a significant increase in the productivity of potato. Fertilizers, carried in local way, increased the photosynthetic activity of potato plants. The maximum leaf area at flowering stage, depending on the variety, increased to 1.4-2.5 thousands square metre per hectare. The highest leaf area of 50.1 and 47.7 thousands square metre per hectare for both methods of mineral fertilizers was on the plant of Nevskiy variety. Local application of fertilizers by two ribbons increased the productivity, depending on the variety to 2.19-3.10 tons per hectare. The most high-yielding variety was Nevskiy, which, depending on the fertilizers application method, carried 34.65 and 36.84 tons per hectare tuber yield. The Nevskiy variety tubers, depending on the mineral fertilizers application method, contained starch 13,85-14,64%, Adretta variety – 15.68-16.02 and Valiza variety contained 14.44-15.01% of starch. More protein was at tubers of varieties Valiza variety (3.34-3.71%), the lower (2.87-3.11%) at Nevskiy one. The largest shareware net income (127.8 thousands rubles per hectare) and high level of profitability (137%) was obtained at the cultivation of Nevskiy variety with locally application of mineral fertilizers.

scholarly journals ‘Tobolyak’: an oat cultivar for universal use

2021 ◽  
Vol 182 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-113
Author(s):  
M. N. Fomina ◽  
Yu. S. Ivanova ◽  
O. A. Pay ◽  
N. A. Bragin
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Northern Forest ◽  
State Register ◽  
Siberian Research Institute ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Research Institute

Background. An urgent problem is the development and introduction of cultivars for universal use that can meet the demand of animal husbandry for various types of feed and that of food industry for raw materials. Of great interest in this regard is ‘Tobolyak’, a new spring oat cultivar characterized by a high yield of grain and green biomass.Materials and methods. The cultivar was developed at the Research Institute of Agriculture for the Northern TransUrals, a branch of the Tyumen Scientific Centre, Siberian Branch of the RAS, using hybridization techniques with subsequent selection. The cultivars used as source material for hybridization were ‘Tayoznik’ (Narym Agricultural Station, Tomsk Province) and ‘Orion’ (Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture, Omsk Province).Results. It is a mid-ripening cultivar, with the growing season of 71 to 83 days from sprouting to wax ripeness; its plants are medium-tall (89.6 to 120.2 cm), and resistant to lodging. The average grain yield for the years of study (2014–2019) under the environmental conditions of the northern forest-steppe (Tyumen Province) was 5.88 t/ha (+0.41 t/ha to the reference). The maximum grain yield (7.97 t/ha) was obtained in 2019 at the Lower Tavda Variety Testing Plot, Tyumen Province. The cultivar formed a grain with the test weight of 459.5–527.0 g/l and a low hull content of 22.1–25.1%. The yield of green biomass varied from 31.4 to 47.3 t/ha, depending on the growing conditions, and averaged 37.7 t/ha in 2014–2019 (+7.3 t/ha to the reference). Dry matter harvest averaged 11.76 t/ha (+1.54 t/ha to the reference), ranging from 8.62 to 14.56 t/ha.Conclusion. The new spring oat cultivar ‘Tobolyak’ for universal use has been listed the State Register for Selection Achievements since 2020 and recommended for cultivation in regions 10, 11 and 12 of the Russian Federation.

Influence of meteorological factors on potato yield in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-steppe

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (94) ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
R.O. Myalkovsky
Keyword(s):  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Potato Yield ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Lower Yield ◽  
The Right

Goal. The purpose of the research was to determine the influence of meteorological factors on potato yield in the conditions of the Right Bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine. Methods.Field, analytical and statistical. Results.It was established that among the mid-range varieties Divo stands out with a yield of 42.3 t/ha, Malin white – 39.8 t/ha, and Legend – 37.1 t/ ha. The most favourable weather and climatic conditions for the production of potato tubers were for the Divo 2011 variety with a yield of 45.9 t/ha and 2013 – 45.1 t/ha. For the Legenda variety 2016, the yield of potato tubers is 40.6 t/ha and 2017 – 43.2 t/ha. Malin White 2013 is 41.4 t/ha and 2017 42.1 t/ha. The average varieties of potatoes showed a slightly lower yield on average over the years of research. However, among the varieties is allocated Nadiyna – 40.3 t/ha, Slovyanka – 37.2 t/ ha and Vera 33.8 t/ha. Among the years, the most high-yielding for the Vera variety was 2016 with a yield of 36.6 t/ha and 2017 year – 37.8 t/ha. Varieties Slovyanka and Nadiyna 2011 and 2012 with yields of 42.6 and 44.3 t/ha and 46.5 and 45.3 t/ha, respectively. Characterizing the yield of potato tubers of medium-late varieties over the years of research, there was a decrease in this indicator compared with medium-early and middle-aged varieties. However, the high yield of the varieties of Dar is allocated – 40.0 t/ha, Alladin – 33.6 t/ha and Oxamit 31.3 t/ha. Among the years, the most favourable ones were: for Oxamit and Alladin – 2011 – 33.5 and 36.5 t/ha, and 2017 – 34.1 and 36.4 t/ha, respectively. Favourable years for harvesting varieties were 2011 and 2012 with yields of 45.7 and 45.8 t/ha. Thus, the highest yield of potato tubers on average over the years of studies of medium-early varieties of 41.2-43.3 t / ha were provided by weather conditions of 2011 and 2017 years, medium-ripe varieties 41.0-41.1 - 2012 and 2011, medium- late 37,6-38,5 t / ha - 2012 and 2011, respectively.

Developmental and physiological traits associated with high yield and stay-green phenotype in wheat

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 354 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Christopher ◽  
A. M. Manschadi ◽  
G. L. Hammer ◽  
A. K. Borrell
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Winter Crops ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Grain Filling Period

Water availability is a key limiting factor in wheat production in the northern grain belt of Australia. Varieties with improved adaptation to such conditions are actively sought. The CIMMYT wheat line SeriM82 has shown a significant yield advantage in multi-environment screening trials in this region. The objective of this study was to identify the physiological basis of the adaptive traits underpinning this advantage. Six detailed experiments were conducted to compare the growth, development, and yield of SeriM82 with that of the adapted cultivar, Hartog. The experiments were undertaken in field environments that represented the range of moisture availability conditions commonly encountered by winter crops grown on the deep Vertosol soils of this region. The yield of SeriM82 was 6–28% greater than that of Hartog, and SeriM82 exhibited a stay-green phenotype by maintaining green leaf area longer during the grain-filling period in all environments where yield was significantly greater than Hartog. However, where the availability of deep soil moisture was limited, SeriM82 failed to exhibit significantly greater yield or to express the stay-green phenotype. Thus, the stay-green phenotype was closely associated with the yield advantage of SeriM82. SeriM82 also exhibited higher mean grain mass than Hartog in all environments. It is suggested that small differences in water use before anthesis, or greater water extraction from depth after anthesis, could underlie the stay-green phenotype. The inability of SeriM82 to exhibit stay-green and higher yield where deep soil moisture was depleted indicates that extraction of deep soil moisture is important.

scholarly journals Multi-curie production of gallium-68 on a biomedical cyclotron and automated radiolabelling of PSMA-11 and DOTATATE

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Helge Thisgaard ◽  
Joel Kumlin ◽  
Niels Langkjær ◽  
Jansen Chua ◽  
Brian Hook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiochemical Purity ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Automated Production ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Gallium 68 ◽  
High Yields ◽  
High Level ◽  
Mev Protons ◽  
Very High

Abstract Background With increasing clinical demand for gallium-68, commercial germanium-68/gallium-68 ([68Ge]Ge/[68Ga]Ga) generators are incapable of supplying sufficient amounts of the short-lived daughter isotope. In this study, we demonstrate a high-yield, automated method for producing multi-Curie levels of [68Ga]GaCl3 from solid zinc-68 targets and subsequent labelling to produce clinical-grade [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 and [68Ga]Ga-DOTATATE. Results Enriched zinc-68 targets were irradiated at up to 80 µA with 13 MeV protons for 120 min; repeatedly producing up to 194 GBq (5.24 Ci) of purified gallium-68 in the form of [68Ga]GaCl3 at the end of purification (EOP) from an expected > 370 GBq (> 10 Ci) at end of bombardment. A fully automated dissolution/separation process was completed in 35 min. Isolated product was analysed according to the Ph. Eur. monograph for accelerator produced [68Ga]GaCl3 and found to comply with all specifications. In every instance, the radiochemical purity exceeded 99.9% and importantly, the radionuclidic purity was sufficient to allow for a shelf-life of up to 7 h based on this metric alone. Fully automated production of up to 72.2 GBq [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 was performed, providing a product with high radiochemical purity (> 98.2%) and very high apparent molar activities of up to 722 MBq/nmol. Further, manual radiolabelling of up to 3.2 GBq DOTATATE was performed in high yields (> 95%) and with apparent molar activities (9–25 MBq/nmol) sufficient for clinical use. Conclusions We have developed a high-yielding, automated method for the production of very high amounts of [68Ga]GaCl3, sufficient to supply proximal radiopharmacies. The reported method led to record-high purified gallium-68 activities (194 GBq at end of purification) and subsequent labelling of PSMA-11 and DOTATATE. The process was highly automated from irradiation through to formulation of the product, and as such comprised a high level of radiation protection. The quality control results obtained for both [68Ga]GaCl3 for radiolabelling and [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 are promising for clinical use.

708 A NEW DIAGNOSTIC PARADIGM FOR LARYNGOPHARYNGEAL REFLUX DISEASE: CORRELATION OF IMPEDANCE-PH MONITORING AND DIGITAL REFLUX SCINTIGRAPHY RESULTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-soo Park ◽  
Oleksandr Khoma ◽  
Hans Van Der Wall ◽  
Gregory Falk
Keyword(s):  
Laryngopharyngeal Reflux ◽  
Ph Monitoring ◽  
Acid Reflux ◽  
High Rate ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Time Activity ◽  
Proximal Esophagus ◽  
Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Disease ◽  
High Level ◽  
No Gold Standard

Abstract   No gold-standard investigation exists for laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR). Multichannel intraluminal impedance (MII)-pH testing has uncertain utility in LPR. Meanwhile, reflux scintigraphy allows immediate and delayed visualisation of tracer reflux in the esophagus, pharynx, and lungs. The present study aimed to correlate MII-pH and scintigraphic reflux results in patients with primary LPR. Methods Consecutive patients with LPR underwent MII-pH and scintigraphic reflux studies. Abnormal values for MII-pH results were defined from existing literature. MII-pH and scintigraphic data were correlated. Results 105 patients with LPR (31 males (29.5%), median age 60 years (range: 20–87)) were studied. Scintigraphic reflux was seen in the pharynx in 94 (90.4%), and in the proximal esophagus in 94 (90.4%). Delayed scintigraphic contamination of the pharynx was seen in 101 patients (96.2%) and in the lungs of 56 patients (53.3%). Abnormal reflux was seen in the distal esophagus in 12.4%, proximal esophagus in 25.7%, and in the pharynx in 82.9%. Patients with poor scintigraphic clearance had higher Demeester scores (p = 0.043), more proximal reflux episodes (p = 0.046), more distal acid reflux episodes (p = 0.023), and longer bolus clearance times (p = 0.002). Conclusion Reflux scintigraphy has a high yield in LPR patients. Scintigraphic time-activity curves correlated with validated MII-pH results. A high rate of pulmonary microaspiration was found in LPR patients. This study demonstrated a high level of pharyngeal contamination by scintigraphy and MII-pH, which supports the use of digital reflux scintigraphy in diagnosing LPR.

scholarly journals Selection for High Yield and Stability among Early Maturing Greengram Genotypes

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel. K. Mbeyagala ◽  
R. Amayo ◽  
J. E. P. Obuo
Keyword(s):  
High Yield ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Selection For
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